scholarly journals Facile synthesis of crosslinked Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposite: a potent antifungal and antisporulant system against the tea pathogen Exobasidium vexans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayanika Chaliha ◽  
Julie Baruah ◽  
Eeshan Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

The objective of the present study was to synthesize Cu doped ZnS nanocore crosslinked with lignocellulose (represented as Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposite) for antifungal action against the devastating tea blister blight pathogen Exobasidium vexans. The characteristic features of the nanocomposite were analyzed via different physicochemical techniques like FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, SEM-EDX, Elemental mapping, PCS, and UV-PL studies. The FTIR and XPS investigations revealed the crosslinking between lignocellulose and the Cu:ZnS. The presence of lignocellulose was seen to attribute a potent antifungal efficacy, also enhancing the stability of the resulting nanocomposite in aqueous suspensions. The antifungal efficacy confirmed through disk diffusion and broth dilution assays have a maximum zone of inhibition of 1.75 cm2 and a MIC50 of 0.05 mg/ml against E. vexans. Additionally, the antisporulant activity was evident as the basidiospores failed to germinate in presence of the Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposites. This shows potential for stemming the rapid infectivity of E. vexans by achieving disease inhibition at the early stage. Finally, the comparison with two commonly used commercial fungicides (copper oxychloride and fluconazole) demonstrated >10-fold higher antifungal activity for Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Crosslinked Cu:ZnS-Lignocellulose Nanocomposite: A Potent Antifungal and Antisporulant System Against The Tea Pathogen Exobasidium Vexans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayanika Chaliha ◽  
Julie Baruah ◽  
Eeshan Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Abstract The objective of the present study was to synthesize Cu doped ZnS nanocore crosslinked with lignocellulose (represented as Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposite) for antifungal action against the devastating tea blister blight pathogen Exobasidium vexans. The characteristic features of the nanocomposite were analyzed via different physicochemical techniques like FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, SEM-EDX, Elemental mapping, PCS, and UV-PL studies. The FTIR and XPS investigations revealed the crosslinking between lignocellulose and the Cu:ZnS. The presence of lignocellulose was seen to attribute a potent antifungal efficacy, also enhancing the stability of the resulting nanocomposite in aqueous suspensions. The antifungal efficacy confirmed through disk diffusion and broth dilution assays have a maximum zone of inhibition of 1.75 cm2 and a MIC50 of 0.05 mg/ml against E. vexans. Additionally, the antisporulant activity was evident as the basidiospores failed to germinate in presence of the Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposites. This shows potential for stemming the rapid infectivity of E. vexans by achieving disease inhibition at the early stage. Finally, the comparison with two commonly used commercial fungicides (copper oxychloride and fluconazole) demonstrated > 10-fold higher antifungal activity for Cu:ZnS-lignocellulose nanocomposites.

scholarly journals A Facile Synthesis and Studies of Some New Chalcones and Their Derivatives Based on Heterocyclic Ring

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1897-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Solankee ◽  
K. Patel ◽  
R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heterocyclic Aldehydes ◽  
Broth Dilution

Chalcones(6a-f)have been prepared by the condensation of ketone(5)and different aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes. These chalcones(6a-f)on treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in presence of alkali give aminopyrimidines(7a-f)and phenylpyrazolines(8a-f)respectively. All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR,1HNMR spectral data as well as physical data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positiveS. aureusMTCC 96 andS. pyogeneusMTCC 442 and Gram-negativeP. aeruginosaMTCC 1688 andE. coliMTCC 443 bacteria, as well as antifungal acivities (MIC) againstC. albicansMTCC 227,A. nigerMTCC 282 andA. clavatusMTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE STORAGE CONDITIONS OF RAW MATERIALS ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE FUR SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Natalya P. Bodryakova
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Complex Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Stability

This article deals with the problem of preserving the properties of a semi-finished fur product under the influence of a biological factor during the storage of raw materials. The characteristic features of the biodegradation of untreated rabbit skins during storage at elevated temperature and relative humidity are identified and described. A complex characteristic of a semi-finished fur product developed from raw materials of various degrees of microbiological spoilage is given. The author offers a point scale of assessment dynamics of the processes of destruction of fur raw materials and a point assessment of the organoleptic indicators of the semi-finished product was developed. As a result of comprehensive studies, it was found that the degree of damage to the fur raw materials being processed affects the decrease in the stability of the structure and strength properties of the finished semi-finished product.

scholarly journals The Myocardial and Neuronal Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and Detrimental Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Herbert ◽  
Dominique Fournier ◽  
Waleed A. Al-Shaqha ◽  
Mohamed Chahine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Neuronal Functions

The epidemiological outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), alias COVID-19, began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late December and eventually turned into a pandemic that has led to 3.71+ million deaths and 173+ million infected cases worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 patients with neurological and myocardial dysfunctions exhibit a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The immune function tends to be affected by cardiovascular risk factors and is thus indirectly related to the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Many neurological symptoms and manifestations have been reported in COVID-19 patients. However, detailed descriptions of the prevalence and characteristic features of these symptoms are restricted due to insufficient data. It is thus advisable for clinicians to be vigilant for both cardiovascular and neurological manifestations in order to detect them at an early stage to avoid inappropriate management of COVID-19 and to address the manifestations adequately. Patients with severe COVID-19 are notably more susceptible to developing cardiovascular and neurological complications than non-severe COVID-19 patients. This review focuses on the consequential outcomes of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and neuronal functions, including other influencing factors.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities ofGinkgo bilobaL. Leaf Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2237-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Savita Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution

The antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Himalayan gymnospermous plantGinkgo bilobaL. was assessed against five animal and plant pathogenic strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Xanthomonas phaseoli) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The methanol extract showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 15–21 mm) followed by ethanol (14–19 mm), chloroform (15–20 mm), and hexane (14–19 mm) extracts at 250 μg/mL. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg/mL was found for the methanol extract against most of the pathogens tested.

scholarly journals Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes as Smart Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon on the Battlefield with Cancer?

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Kuzajewska ◽  
Agata Wszołek ◽  
Wojciech Żwierełło ◽  
Lucyna Kirczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Maruszewska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Magnetotactic Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Stability

An important direction of research in increasing the effectiveness of cancer therapies is the design of effective drug distribution systems in the body. The development of the new strategies is primarily aimed at improving the stability of the drug after administration and increasing the precision of drug delivery to the destination. Due to the characteristic features of cancer cells, distributing chemotherapeutics exactly to the microenvironment of the tumor while sparing the healthy tissues is an important issue here. One of the promising solutions that would meet the above requirements is the use of Magnetotactic bacteria (MTBs) and their organelles, called magnetosomes (BMs). MTBs are commonly found in water reservoirs, and BMs that contain ferromagnetic crystals condition the magnetotaxis of these microorganisms. The presented work is a review of the current state of knowledge on the potential use of MTBs and BMs as nanocarriers in the therapy of cancer. The growing amount of literature data indicates that MTBs and BMs may be used as natural nanocarriers for chemotherapeutics, such as classic anti-cancer drugs, antibodies, vaccine DNA, and siRNA. Their use as transporters increases the stability of chemotherapeutics and allows the transfer of individual ligands or their combinations precisely to cancerous tumors, which, in turn, enables the drugs to reach molecular targets more effectively.

PERFORMANCE OF THE ANALYTICAL PLOTTER

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
T. J. Blachut
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pointing Accuracy ◽  
Analytical Accuracy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extensive Experimental Data ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Very High

In spite of the lack of extensive experimental data at this, in a sense, early stage of development, some very interesting indications of the eventual performance of the Analytical Plotter can be seen. The accuracy of the measuring system is very high; monocular grid measurements gave mean square errors of 2.5 - 3.5 μ. The stability is even better, repetition of readings being constant within 2 to 3 μ, that is, within the pointing accuracy. The accuracy of the complete system may be improved by using experimental corrections and proper statistical treatment of redundant observations. Complete relative and absolute orientations can be carried out in 10 to 15 minutes or less with analytical accuracy. Further economical advantages result from the use of the inherent computer capabilities to solve auxiliary problems and to carry out pertinent “real time” operations, such as automatic control of the plotting table.

scholarly journals Advances in the Stability of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maning Liu ◽  
Anastasia Matuhina ◽  
Haichang Zhang ◽  
Paola Vivo
Keyword(s):  
Special Focus ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Perovskite Nanocrystals ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Tunable Properties ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
The Stability

Colloidal halide perovskite nanocrystals are promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronics because of their facile synthesis and their outstanding and size-tunable properties. However, these materials suffer from rapid degradation, similarly to their bulk perovskite counterparts. Here, we survey the most recent strategies to boost perovskite nanocrystals stability, with a special focus on the intrinsic chemical- and compositional-factors at synthetic and post-synthetic stage. Finally, we review the most promising approaches to address the environmental extrinsic stability of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). Our final goal is to outline the most promising research directions to enhance PNCs’ lifetime, bringing them a step closer to their commercialization.

Radiometric Dating of Ochoan (Permian) Evaporites, Wipp Site, Delaware Basin, New Mexico, Usa

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Brookins ◽  
Steven J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Delaware Basin ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Evaporite Minerals

AbstractWe have attempted radiometric dating of halide-sulfate salts and clay minerals from the Delaware Basin, New Mexico, USA, as part of geochemical study of the stability of the evaporite sequence at the WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant--a US DOE facility) site. We undertook this dating to determine: (1) primary age of evaporite genesis or time(s) of recrystallization, (2) if previously undated evaporite minerals (leonite, polyhalite, kieserite) give useful data, and (3) if the detrital clay minerals have been radiometrically reset at any time following their incorporation into the evaporite medium. We have shown earlier that polyhalites can indeed be successfully dated by the K-Ar method, and once corrections are applied for admixed halide minerals, dates of 210-230 Ma for the Delaware Basin are obtained. Rb-Sr isochrons from early stage sylvites-polyhalites- anhydrites yield 220 ± 10 Ma, even when some sylvites yield lower K-Ar dates due to l1s of 40Ar*. K-Ar dates on leonites and kieserites are also low due to 40Ar* loss, but their Rb-Sr dates are higher. Detrital clay minerals from the Delaware Basin collectively yield a highly scattered isochron (390 ± 77 Ma), but samples from a local area, such as the WIPP Site, give a much better age of 428 ± 7 Ma. These dates show that the interaction between the clay minerals and the evaporitic brines was insufficient to reset the clay minerals Rb-Sr systematics. In a related study, we note that a dike emplaced into the evaporite at 34 Ma had only very limited effect on the intruded rocks; contact phenomena were all within 2 m of the dike. All of our geochemical (radio-metric and trace element) studies of the WIPP site argue for preservation of the isotopic and chemical integrity of the major minerals for the past 200 Ma.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakai ◽  
Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Sulfur Transfer ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Sulfur is an essential element required for plant growth. It can be found as a thiol group of proteins or non-protein molecules, and as various sulfur-containing small biomolecules, including iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco), and sulfur-modified nucleotides. Thiol-mediated redox regulation has been well investigated, whereas biosynthesis pathways of the sulfur-containing small biomolecules have not yet been clearly described. In order to understand overall sulfur transfer processes in plant cells, it is important to elucidate the relationships among various sulfur delivery pathways as well as to investigate their interactions. In this review, we summarize the information from recent studies on the biosynthesis pathways of several sulfur-containing small biomolecules and the proteins participating in these processes. In addition, we show characteristic features of gene expression in Arabidopsis at the early stage of sulfate depletion from the medium, and we provide insights into sulfur transfer processes in plant cells.

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