ANTIDANDRUFF POTENTIAL OF Kaempheria galanga ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FOR HAIR CREAM FORMULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Bainun Parjo ◽  
Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli ◽  
Madihah Md Salleh ◽  
Tewin Tencomnao
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Zinc Pyrithione ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cream Formulation ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Fungal Oil ◽  
Anti Fungal

The evaluation of Kaempferia galanga, Citrus hystrix and Cinnamomum zeylanicum ethanolic extracts on antifungal activities and zone of inhibition were conducted. The yield for K. galanga, C. hystrix and C. zeylanicum were 0.4, 0.7 and 0.43 % of raw dried samples respectively. All the extracts demonstrated 5 mg/mL MIC with C. zeylanicum, K. galanga and C. hystrix average holozones diameter of 14.5 + 3.8, 12.0 + 1.8 and 12.0 + 0.8 mm after 3 days of incubation respectively with no effect on negative control. On the other hand, Zinc Pyrithione being more potent than imidazaole as a positive control with inhibition of 32.8 + 2.2 and 21.8 + 3.4 respectively. Based on the findings, the anti-fungal hair cream containing K. galanga ethanolic extract was formulated into oil-in-water cream and the physicochemical properties were evaluated. The cream demonstrated desirable characteristic with no separation between oil and water after vigorously shaken at 14,600 rpm for half an hour. Furthermore the viscosity and pH were 543.7 + 19.2 and 5.46 + 0.01 respectively.  In conclusion, K galanga ethanolic extract has a potential to be used as an anti-fungal oil in water cream formulation. 

scholarly journals Trypanocidal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Strychnos spinosa on white mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Vourchakbé Joël ◽  
Djamila Zouheira ◽  
Nfor Njini Gael
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Strychnos Spinosa

The emergence of trypanocidal resistance has led to a change in the behavior and use of local plants for the treatment of parasites. The trypanocidal activity of Strychnos spinosa aqueous and ethanolic extracts on Trypanosoma brucei brucei was evaluated during ten days of treatment. Thus, the smear was used to monitor the parasitaemia of mice treated with Strychnos spinose aqueous and ethanolic extracts by gavage at doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg (test groups); with 10 ml/kg of distilled water (negative control) and 1mg/kg of isometamidium chloride (positive control). The results of the pharmacological studies on the trypanocidal potential of the plant showed that On day ten (D10)  a mortality rates of 32 %, 39 % and 62 % respectively for the doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg with the ethanolic extract while  the aqueous extract induced a mortality rates of 32 %, 37 % and 56 % respectively. Isometamidium chloride induced the highest mortality rate of 85 %. The lethal doses were 218.07 and 225.79 mg/kg for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. All these results justify at least in part the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Keywords: Ethanolic extracts - Aqueous extracts - Trypanocidal potential - Trypanosomes - Inhibition of parasitaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of phyto-extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and garlic (Allium sativum) on leaf spot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽  
Modjibaye Betigne ◽  
Marie Solange Mandou ◽  
Nelly Gaëtane Foussom Kamaleu ◽  
Eric Bertrand Kouam
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A split plot design using two exotic (“fleur” 11 var., 65-13 var.) and one local (village var.) variety of groundnut as the main factor and ten treatments comprising one negative control (sterile distilled water), one positive control (fungicide: spavozeb) and eight phyto-extracts replicated three times was applied. Treatments were applied to plots at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that CLS disease incidence ranged between 66.67% and 88.89% at 65 DAP for 10% ethanolic extract of garlic and 20% aqueous extract of garlic, respectively. Disease severity was lowest for 20% ethanolic extracts of neem seeds (14.74%) and garlic bulb (14.99%) at 65 DAP. Yield obtained from treatments of ethanolic extracts of garlic (3.62 t ha−1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control (2.40 t ha−1) but comparable to the spavozeb treatment (3.09 t ha−1). Exotic varieties were more productive (3.13 and 3.43 t ha−1) than the more resistant local variety (2.67 t ha−1).

scholarly journals UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Rina Ayu Krismonikawati
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Solanum Betaceum

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin 1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25 mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW) and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70 mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin, the greater the anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extract of Aloe Vera Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Viki Ayu Intan Permatasari ◽  
Mutia Hariani Nurjanah ◽  
Wimbuh Tri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
High Concentrations

Since long ago Indonesia used nutritious plants as traditional medicines. Various types of plants in Indonesia can be used as alternative ingredients, one of which is aloe vera. Aloe vera contains saponin and anthraquinone, so aloe vera leaves function as antiseptic and antibacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus bacteria. This bacterium is often found as a normal germ flora in humans. Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections in humans and animals. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by using maceration extract method. The concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with positive control (Erytromycin) and negative control (aquades). The inhibitory zone analysis is done using the table method. Test of ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus produced inhibition zones at concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% with average diameter of 6.94 mm, 6.22 mm and 9.5 mm. The conclusion of this research is the ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in high concentrations

Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Ganoderma sp. Asal Pulau Lombok

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Adelina Oktaviani ◽  
Aida Muspiah ◽  
Faturrahman Faturrahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

The use of antibiotics that are not according to the rules and antibiotics in the long term can cause resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial activity and the effect of increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of Ganoderma sp. against several test bacteria. Extract from Ganoderma sp. obtained by maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition formed around the well. The results of the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract Ganoderma sp. has greater inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma sp. on the growth of test bacteria increased with increasing concentration of the extract

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ASAM KANDIS (GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS HOOK. F. EX T. ANDERSON) FRUIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hanafis Sastra Winata ◽  
Rosidah Rosidah ◽  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation from ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) in animal (rats) models.Methods: Pleliminary phytochemical screening was carried out by using standard procedures.. Assessment of acute and subacute models of inflammation was using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method using three dosage treatments; 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW along with a negative control group (0.5% Na CMC) and positive control (Na diclofenac 2.25 mg/kg BW). The inhibition period was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min time intervals.Result: The phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic fruit extract from Asam kandis contain contains flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. The anti-inflammatory result showed that the strongest inhibition produced by ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis occurred on the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW compared to the other doses (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) throughout the observation period.Conclusion: This finding indicated that ethanolic fruit extract of Asam kandis (G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson) might become an interesting candidate for treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals Antiinflammatory Activity of Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum Paniculatum L.) Ethanol Extract Using Paw Edema Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Ihsanul Hafiz ◽  
Mandike Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Laboratory Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine antiinflammatory activity of pagoda flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) ethanolic extract Design: This study uses an experimental laboratory design. This research uses paw edema method by inducing carrageenin in the legs of male white rats as an induction of inflammation. Interventions: The sample used was pagoda flower ethanol extract in various dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg. As a comparison, acetosal dose 33 mg / kg was used. Na CMC suspension was used as a negative control. Main outcome measure: The results in this study are the difference in the volume of edema volume from rat feet per unit time. The measurement of the rat's leg volume was measured at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes. Conclusion: Pagoda flower ethanol extract does not have good anti-inflammatory activity. there were no significant differences between groups except at dose 100 and positive control at minute 300 of negative control.    

scholarly journals ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NEEM LEAF (Azadirachta indica) ON Trypanosoma evansi IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Siti Maghfirah ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on parasitemia of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) Aceh local isolate. A total of 24 male rats aged three months were used in this study and randomly divided into six treatment groups equally. The negative control group (K0) without T. evansi infection and neem leaf extract, the positive control group (K1) was infected with T. evansi but no neem leaf extract given, group K2, K3, K4, and K5 were infected with 5x104 T. evansi and were given neem leaf extract after patent infection with dose of 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW respectively. The extract was given orally for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, rat blood was drawn for parasitemia examination. The results showed that no T. evansi detected in rats in negative control group (K0), while parasitemia in group K1; K2; K3; K4; and K5 was 12,295 x106/mL; 10,495 x106/mL; 9,360 x106/mL; 5,080x106/mL; and 2,398x106/mL of blood, respectively. Percentage of inhibition of parasitemia in K2, K3, K4, and K5 reached 14.64, 23.78, 58.68, and 80.50%, respectively. Based on the result of the study, neem leaf extract of 800 mg/kg BW gave the highest reduction of parasitemia in rats infected with T. evansi.

scholarly journals AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTICANDIDAL HERBS (GINGER & TURMERIC) ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bafna Harshal P ◽  
Lunawat Sadhana R ◽  
Vathar Jagdishchandra ◽  
Kalantharakath Thanveer ◽  
Ricky Pal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Inert Solvent

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial effect of turmeric and ginger extracts on Streptococcus mutans in in-vitro conditions. Material & Method: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted in a laboratory setting. Ethanolic extract of Ginger and Turmeric was prepared separately by cold masseration technique. The extract of each was then diluted with an inert solvent, Dimethyl Formamide, to obtain 5 different concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of each. 0.2% chlorhexidine was used as a positive control and dimethyl formamide was used as negative control. The different extracts, along with controls, were then subjected to microbiological investigation to determine which gave a wider zone of inhibition against streptococcus mutans. The zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Results: Turmeric extracts presented the largest zone of inhibition 33mm at the concentration of 8%, while Ginger extract showed a zone of inhibition of 34mm at the concentration of 10%. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Turmeric demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Strptococcus Mutans at a lower concentration than that of Ginger. Keywords: Ginger, Turmeric, Streptococcus Mutans.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Mariam Kadhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

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