Gut Microbiome Structure and Association with Host Factors in a Korean Population

Comparing the gut microbiomes of healthy controls and disease patients showed that the composition of the gut microbiome is associated with various host health conditions. The gut microbiome in healthy Western populations is well characterized, while that of non-Western populations, with different diet patterns, lifestyles, and genetic backgrounds, is not clearly defined.

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Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1013

Author(s):

Joo Hyun Oh ◽

Je Hee Lee ◽

Min Seok Cho ◽

Hyeree Kim ◽

Jongsik Chun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Korean Population ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept where the presence of both fatty liver and metabolic abnormality are necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have reported that altered gut microbiome is closely associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the studies on MAFLD population are scarce. This prospective study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiome between patients with MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. In this study, patients with MAFLD and age, sex-matched healthy controls were included, and their stool samples were collected. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid pyrosequencing. Twenty-two MAFLD patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Taxonomic diversity was lower in patients with MAFLD in the aspect of alpha and beta diversity. The differences were also found at phylum, class, family, and genus levels between the two groups. Phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobactereriaceae, genus Citrobacter abundance was significantly increased and genus Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in patients with MAFLD. In addition, butyrate-producing bacteria were decreased and ethanol-producing bacteria were increased in patients with MAFLD. The composition of gut microbiome was different between MAFLD and healthy controls in Korean population. This could offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in MAFLD.

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Structural variation in the gut microbiome associates with host health

Nature ◽

10.1038/s41586-019-1065-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 568 (7750) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

David Zeevi ◽

Tal Korem ◽

Anastasia Godneva ◽

Noam Bar ◽

Alexander Kurilshikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Structural Variation ◽

Host Health

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Sa595 DIETARY INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL AND FOOD PATTERNS IN RELATION TO GUT MICROBIOME AMONG CHILDREN WITH CROHN'S DISEASE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(21)02051-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 160 (6) ◽

pp. S-566

Author(s):

Jessica Breton ◽

Vincent Tu ◽

Ceylan Tanes ◽

Maire A. Conrad ◽

Kelly Kachelries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Food Patterns

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The Gut Microbiota and Healthy Aging: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000490615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 513-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Sangkyu Kim ◽

S. Michal Jazwinski

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Low Grade ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Age Related ◽

Host Health ◽

Nutrient Signaling

The gut microbiota shows a wide inter-individual variation, but its within-individual variation is relatively stable over time. A functional core microbiome, provided by abundant bacterial taxa, seems to be common to various human hosts regardless of their gender, geographic location, and age. With advancing chronological age, the gut microbiota becomes more diverse and variable. However, when measures of biological age are used with adjustment for chronological age, overall richness decreases, while a certain group of bacteria associated with frailty increases. This highlights the importance of considering biological or functional measures of aging. Studies using model organisms indicate that age-related gut dysbiosis may contribute to unhealthy aging and reduced longevity. The gut microbiome depends on the host nutrient signaling pathways for its beneficial effects on host health and lifespan, and gut dysbiosis disrupting the interdependence may diminish the beneficial effects or even have reverse effects. Gut dysbiosis can trigger the innate immune response and chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to many age-related degenerative pathologies and unhealthy aging. The gut microbiota communicates with the host through various biomolecules, nutrient signaling-independent pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms. Disturbance of these communications by age-related gut dysbiosis can affect the host health and lifespan. This may explain the impact of the gut microbiome on health and aging.

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Possibilities and limits for using the gut microbiome to improve captive animal health

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-021-00155-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Diaz ◽

Aspen T. Reese

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Host Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Wide Range ◽

Host Health ◽

In Captivity ◽

Outstanding Question ◽

The Impact ◽

Captive Animal

AbstractBecause of its potential to modulate host health, the gut microbiome of captive animals has become an increasingly important area of research. In this paper, we review the current literature comparing the gut microbiomes of wild and captive animals, as well as experiments tracking the microbiome when animals are moved between wild and captive environments. As a whole, these studies report highly idiosyncratic results with significant differences in the effect of captivity on the gut microbiome between host species. While a few studies have analyzed the functional capacity of captive microbiomes, there has been little research directly addressing the health consequences of captive microbiomes. Therefore, the current body of literature cannot broadly answer what costs, if any, arise from having a captive microbiome in captivity. Addressing this outstanding question will be critical to determining whether it is worth pursuing microbial manipulations as a conservation tool. To stimulate the next wave of research which can tie the captive microbiome to functional and health impacts, we outline a wide range of tools that can be used to manipulate the microbiome in captivity and suggest a variety of methods for measuring the impact of such manipulation preceding therapeutic use. Altogether, we caution researchers against generalizing results between host species given the variability in gut community responses to captivity and highlight the need to understand what role the gut microbiome plays in captive animal health before putting microbiome manipulations broadly into practice.

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Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.759735 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shuangyue Li ◽

Georgios Kararigas

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Host Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

And Function ◽

Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

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Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262057 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262057

Author(s):

Claire A. Woodall ◽

Luke J. McGeoch ◽

Alastair D. Hay ◽

Ashley Hammond

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common and can cause gastrointestinal tract symptoms and changes to the gut microbiota, yet these effects are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the reported evidence of gut microbiome alterations in patients with a RTI compared to healthy controls (PROSPERO: CRD42019138853). We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and the Clinical Trial Database for studies published between January 2015 and June 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were human cohorts describing the gut microbiome in patients with an RTI compared to healthy controls and the infection was caused by a viral or bacterial pathogen. Dual data screening and extraction with narrative synthesis was performed. We identified 1,593 articles and assessed 11 full texts for inclusion. Included studies (some nested) reported gut microbiome changes in the context of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 5), influenza (H1N1 and H7N9) (n = 2), Tuberculosis (TB) (n = 4), Community-Acquired Pneumonia CAP (n = 2) and recurrent RTIs (rRTI) (n = 1) infections. We found studies of patients with an RTI compared to controls reported a decrease in gut microbiome diversity (Shannon) of 1.45 units (95% CI, 0.15–2.50 [p, <0.0001]) and a lower abundance of taxa (p, 0.0086). Meta-analysis of the Shannon value showed considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2, 94.42). Unbiased analysis displayed as a funnel plot revealed a depletion of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus and enrichment of Enterococcus. There was an important absence in the lack of cohort studies reporting gut microbiome changes and high heterogeneity between studies may be explained by variations in microbiome methods and confounder effects. Further human cohort studies are needed to understand RTI-induced gut microbiome changes to better understand interplay between microbes and respiratory health.

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Metabolic phenotyping for understanding the gut microbiome and host metabolic interplay

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20170079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abigail R. Basson ◽

Anisha Wijeyesekera

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Exciting Field ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Metabolic Phenotyping ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Host Health ◽

The Impact ◽

Analytical Approaches

There is growing interest in the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease. This unique complex ecosystem has been implicated in many health conditions, including intestinal disorders, inflammatory skin diseases and metabolic syndrome. However, there is still much to learn regarding its capacity to affect host health. Many gut microbiome research studies focus on compositional analysis to better understand the causal relationships between microbial communities and disease phenotypes. Yet, microbial diversity and complexity is such that community structure alone does not provide full understanding of microbial function. Metabolic phenotyping is an exciting field in systems biology that provides information on metabolic outputs taking place in the system at a given moment in time. These readouts provide information relating to by-products of endogenous metabolic pathways, exogenous signals arising from diet, drugs and other lifestyle and environmental stimuli, as well as products of microbe–host co-metabolism. Thus, better understanding of the gut microbiome and host metabolic interplay can be gleaned using such analytical approaches. In this review, we describe research findings focussed on gut microbiota–host interactions, for functional insights into the impact of microbiome composition on host health. We evaluate different analytical approaches for capturing metabolic activity and discuss analytical methodological advancements that have made a contribution to the field. This information will aid in developing novel approaches to improve host health in the future, and therapeutic modulation of the microbiome may soon augment conventional clinical strategies.

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IMAGINE Network’s Mind And Gut Interactions Cohort (MAGIC) Study: a protocol for a prospective observational multicentre cohort study in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e041733

Author(s):

Paul Moayyedi ◽

Glenda MacQueen ◽

Charles N Bernstein ◽

Stephen Vanner ◽

Premysl Bercik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Gi Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel

IntroductionGut microbiome and diet may be important in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and comorbid psychiatric conditions, but the mechanisms are unclear. We will create a large cohort of patients with IBS, IBD and healthy controls, and follow them over time, collecting dietary and mental health information and biological samples, to assess their gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms in association with their diet, gut microbiome and metabolome.Methods and analysisThis 5-year observational prospective cohort study is recruiting 8000 participants from 15 Canadian centres. Persons with IBS who are 13 years of age and older or IBD ≥5 years will be recruited. Healthy controls will be recruited from the general public and from friends or relatives of those with IBD or IBS who do not have GI symptoms. Participants answer surveys and provide blood, urine and stool samples annually. Surveys assess disease activity, quality of life, physical pain, lifestyle factors, psychological status and diet. The main outcomes evaluated will be the association between the diet, inflammatory, genetic, microbiome and metabolomic profiles in those with IBD and IBS compared with healthy controls using multivariate logistic regression. We will also compare these profiles in those with active versus quiescent disease and those with and without psychological comorbidity.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained from the institutional review boards of all centres taking part in the study. We will develop evidence-based knowledge translation initiatives for patients, clinicians and policymakers to disseminate results to relevant stakeholders.Trial registration number:NCT03131414

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High Oscillospira abundance indicates constipation and low BMI in the Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-66369-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yi-ran Chen ◽

Hui-min Zheng ◽

Guo-xia Zhang ◽

Fang-lan Chen ◽

Li-dan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Host Health ◽

Low Bmi ◽

Gut Microbial Community ◽

Fold Cross Validation

Abstract Oscillospira is a common yet rarely cultivated gut bacterial genus. Recently human gut microbiota studies have demonstrated its underlying significance for host health. However, little is known about Oscillospira-related host information and the links between Oscillospira and other members of the gut microbial community. To study the ecology of Oscillospira and gain insights into Oscillospira-related host physiological conditions, we analyzed data from the Guangdong Gut Microbiome Project, one of the largest gut microbiota database currently. Data of 6376 participants were analyzed. We studied the prevalence and relative abundance of Oscillospira as well as the profiles of associated microbial communities. We found that Oscillospira is closely related to human health because its abundance was positively correlated with microbial diversity, high density lipoprotein, and sleep time, and was inversely correlated with diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, uric acid and Bristol stool type. Moreover, random forest analysis with five-fold cross validation showed Oscillospira could be a predictor of low BMI and constipation in the subset. Overall, in this study, we provide a basic understanding of Oscillospira-related microbiota profile and physiological parameters of the host. Our results indicate Oscillospira may play a role in aggravating constipation.

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