scholarly journals Emergency department presentations of alcohol and other substance misuse: first cross-sectional national study in Qatar

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e055181
Author(s):  
Majid Alabdulla ◽  
Shuja Reagu ◽  
Nahid M Elhassan ◽  
Dhanya Shinith ◽  
Saba T Shiekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point

ObjectivesThis study attempts the first in a series of investigations into the misuse of alcohol and substances in Qatar. This study explores the emergency presentations of alcohol and substance abuse to all the state funded emergency departments (EDs) in the country which serve around 90% of the population over a 22-month period. Due to legal penalties for alcohol and substance use, and lack of subsidised community-based facilities, ED presentations are a good starting point to explore this burden.Design and participantsA retrospective population-based, cross-sectional study, analysing electronic patient records of all state funded EDs spanning a period of 22 months, from 1 January 2019 to 31 October 2020 was carried out. The study included all eligible individuals aged 18 or over. Primary reason/diagnosis for presentation containing any of the alcohol or substance use key words were included in the study using composite data capture forms by trained clinicians.ResultsAn overwhelming majority (95.5%) of the total 1495 cases presenting to the EDs with substance abuse were using alcohol. Only 2.1% of the cases were females. Those of Asian (non-Arab) constituted 70% of this group. Qatari citizens presented with highest proportion of substance abuse other than alcohol (23%). Overall, 2.26% of all presentations to the EDs were related to alcohol and substance abuse and this amounted to 3 ED visits per 10 000 of population per year. 56.6% of the cases presented over the weekend. Less than 1% were referred to psychiatry and no other meaningful rehabilitative interventions were offered to others.ConclusionAs Qatar moves towards establishing community-based rehabilitative resources for alcohol and substances abuse, the findings from this study will help in shaping these developments. These can include ED-based routine screening for alcohol abuse and referral to rehabilitation services without fear of legal penalties.

Public knowledge about dementia in South Korea: a community-based cross-sectional survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ju Seo ◽  
Dong Young Lee ◽  
Mi Ra Sung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Populations

ABSTRACTBackground:The highest increase in the prevalence of dementia in the elderly population is expected in South Korea than in any other country in the world. However, there is no assessment of the community-based general populations’ understanding of dementia in South Korea, in spite of the increasing burden of dementia. Thus, this study assessed the public knowledge about dementia.Methods:This is a population-based, cross-sectional study of 2,189 participants, aged 10 years or older, and living in Seoul, South Korea. A 12-item questionnaire with true/false responses was used to assess the knowledge about dementia from June to November 2011. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative methods.Results:The mean score for the knowledge about dementia was 9.0 ± 2.1 points out of 12 points. More than half of the respondents (52.7%) reported that dementia is not treatable, and one-third of the participants did not know that Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. The level of dementia knowledge was negatively associated with increasing age, and positively associated with higher education level.Conclusions:Our results suggest that although laypersons had a fair knowledge about dementia, further educational programs and campaigns are needed to improve knowledge about dementia, more focusing on elderly adults as the target audience and emphasizing the causes and treatments of dementia as educational contents.

scholarly journals Sex ratios at birth in Australia according to mother’s country of birth: A national study of all 5 614 847 reported live births 1997–2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251588
Author(s):  
Kristina Edvardsson ◽  
Mary-Ann Davey ◽  
Rhonda Powell ◽  
Anna Axmon
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Income ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
National Study ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Promote Gender Equality

Objectives Son preference and sex selective practices have resulted in a deficit of girls in several countries, primarily across Asia. Emerging evidence indicates that son preference survives migration to Western high-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess male-to-female (M/F) ratios at birth per mother’s country of birth in Australia 1997–2016, in total and by parity, and by states/territories and over time. Methods Data for this national population-based cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Perinatal Data Collection (NPDC) and included all live births in Australia 1997–2016 (N = 5 614 847). M/F ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated. Results The M/F ratio for births to Australian-born mothers was within the expected range (1.03–1.07) regardless of parity and time period. M/F ratios were elevated above the expected range for births to mothers born in China in the total sample (M/F ratio 1.084, 95% confidence interval 1.071–1.097) and at parity 2 (1.175, 1.120–1.231), and for births to mothers born in India at parity 2 (1.146, 1.090–1.204). Parity 2 births were the most consistently male-biased across time. Across states, elevated M/F ratios were identified for both groups in New South Wales (China parity 2: 1.182, 1.108–1.260; India parity 2: 1.182, 1.088–1.285), for births to Chinese-born mothers in Victoria (total births: 1.097, 1.072–1.123; parity 1: 1.115, 1.072–1.159) and Australian Capital Territory (total births: 1.189, 1.085–1.302) and births to Indian-born mothers Western Australia (parity 2: 1.307, 1.122–1.523). Conclusions Son preference persists in some immigrant communities after migration to Australia. The consistent pattern of elevated M/F ratios across the larger states indicates that sex imbalances at birth are largely independent of restrictiveness of local abortion laws. Drivers and consequences of son preference in Western high-income settings should be explored to further promote gender equality, and to strengthen support for women who may be vulnerable to reproductive coercion.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and substance use among Swiss young men: a population-based cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Charitonidi ◽  
Joseph Studer ◽  
Jacques Gaume ◽  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Jean-Bernard Daeppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The ALADINO Study: A National Study of Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Spanish Children in 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleón Pérez-Farinós ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
M. Ángeles Dal Re ◽  
Carmen Villar ◽  
Estefanía Labrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
National Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in Spain using different sets of cut-off criteria, through a community-based cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in a representative sample of Spanish children between 6 and 9 years, recruited in Spanish schools, between October 2010 and May 2011. 7,569 boys and girls were selected. All were weighed and measured, and their parents were asked about their socioeconomic background, food habits and physical activity. The BMI of each was calculated, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined by age and sex using Spanish reference tables (SPART), IOTF reference values, and WHO growth standards. The prevalence of overweight in boys ranged from 14.1% to 26.7%, and in girls from 13.8% to 25.7%, depending on the cut-off criteria. The prevalence of obesity in boys ranged from 11.0% to 20.9%, and in girls from 11.2% to 15.5%. The prevalence of obesity was the highest among those same children when using the SPART or WHO criteria. Overweight and obesity remain widespreading among Spanish children; a consensus on the definition of overweight and obesity cut-off criteria is necessary.

scholarly journals A study on substance abuse among young people (10-24 years) in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 677-684
Author(s):  
Arya Nair Kovilveettil
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
The People

Objective: To find out the substances abused by the people in urban slums and also find factors contributing to it. Also to recommend suggestions based on the study Material and Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study and data was collected using Interviewers Performa after getting approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A sample size of 174 was calculated . Young People (10 to 24yrs) who were willing to participate were included and whose not ready to take part were opted out. Results: It was found that males usually 22 to 24yrs used abusive substances than females. Tobacco was the most common substance abused followed by alcohol and majority had been introduced to the substances by their peers between 17 to 24 yrs. Most people consumed the drug multiple times daily followed by weekly and had procured the drug from local retailers. These substances gave them a sense of hallucination and euphoria on consumption. Among the side effects oral problems like ulcers and malignancy topped the list. Respiratory and gastrointestinal issues along with inability  to concentrate on work were other side effects. Conclusions: Based on the results several recommendations were made especially awareness workshops and camps. These programs mainly stressed upon the necessity to create social awareness among the people and their families about the ill effects of substance abuse. All the results were tabulated.

scholarly journals Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent students in eastern India: Prevalence and associated risk factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 076-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dechenla Tsering ◽  
Ranabir Pal ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Background: Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is a worldwide problem and aff ects many adolescents. Objective: (1) To fi nd out the magnitude of licit and illicit substance use among students; and (2) to fi nd out the association between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the students and habits of use. Materials and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted during June 2003 to May 2004. In a multistage random sampling among all the districts and schools in West Bengal, India, 416 high school students from two schools were selected. The main outcome measures were substance use, namely, tobacco, alcohol, and cannabinoids. From the schools, all the students in the classes VIII, IX, and X were taken as the study population and were administered a pretested close-ended anonymous self-administered questionnaire relating to pattern, frequency, and correlates of substance use. Results: The ultimate response rate was 87.02% and 416 students could be covered in our study. The overall prevalence rates among rural and urban students were 6.14% and 0.6% for illicit drug use, 8.60% and 11.04% for tobacco, and 7.37% and 5.23% for alcohol consumption, respectively. Both licit and illicit substance use was associated more with male students. Current and regular use were mostly restricted to tobacco, and the use of a substance by family members had a signifi cant impact on its use by their children. “Enjoyment” and “Curiosity” were found to have the major infl uence in their decision to use a substance. Conclusions: Early identifi cation of the magnitude and the factors related to substance use can improve scopes for planning and preventive approaches for this vulnerable group before the problems get serious after which interventions become diffi cult.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Adult Psychiatric Patients in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017. Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955732198969
Author(s):  
Badiru Dawud ◽  
Eyerusalem Yeshigeta ◽  
Alemayehu Negash ◽  
Almaz Mamaru ◽  
Liyew Agenagnew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Substance use disorders are more common among people with mental illness than in the general population. It makes recovery from mental illness more difficult, leads to frequent thoughts of suicide and re-hospitalization. Objective: Aimed to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and associated factors among adult psychiatric patients in Jimma Town, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 patients with mental illness using the case tracing method. Participants were interviewed using the alcohol use disorder identification test questionnaire to assess Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Fagerstrom test tool for nicotine dependence and structured questionnaires were utilized to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The variable that showed association with AUD and nicotine dependence at P < .25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into multivariable logistic regressions to control confounders for both outcome variables independently. The significance of association was determined by P < .05 and strength was described using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence was 14.3% and 23.3%, respectively. Female gender (AOR 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.57), starting treatment within the first month of the onset of the illness (AOR 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05-0.82) and nicotine dependence(AOR 4.84, 95% CI = 1.85-12.67) associated with AUD. Additionally, being female (AOR 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01-0.25), joblessness (AOR 3.05, 95% CI = 1.30-7.16), absence of relapse of illness (AOR 0.18, 95% CI = 0.065-0.503), no improvement in illness (AOR 5.3, 95% CI = 1.70-16.50), and current khat use (AOR 3.09, 95% CI = 1.21-7.90) were associated with nicotine dependence. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of substance use disorders among psychiatric patients in the community. Being female, experiencing a shorter duration of illness before initiating treatment, and nicotine-dependence were significantly associated with AUD. On the other hand, female sex and absence of relapse of illness were negatively associated with nicotine dependence whereas, joblessness, less improvement of illness, and khat chewing were positively associated with it. Therefore, services on substance use disorders have to be extended to the community level with wide-scale training for the town’s health care providers, including health extension workers who have direct contact with these individuals. Accordingly, comprehensive and suitable interventions were advised to be provided on factors contributing to substance use disorders in general.

scholarly journals Psychoactive substance use in a sample of community outreach participants; prevalence, correlates and ease of incorporating care

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Kingsley M. Okonoda ◽  
Gabriel N. Mwoltu ◽  
Olubukola O. Arigbede ◽  
Kenneth Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The misuse of licit and illicit substances has continued to constitute a profound effect and harm across various societies. This study examined the nature of substance use, abuse and dependence in a community setting in Jos, Plateau State and the ease of carrying out screening, brief intervention and referral for substance use problems.Methods: Data for this study was gathered through a community-based medical outreach with a total of 1170 residence (M=36.97, SD=15.33), within the research area in participation. A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychoactive substance consumption (excluding alcohol).Results: Analysis revealed that tobacco 51%, marijuana 22%, opioids 15%, sedatives 6%, and amphetamine 2%, were the current most significant substances used within the population. The ASSIST and MINI diagnostic criteria noted a significant rate of substance abuse and dependence (p<0.05) for tobacco, marijuana, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and opioid. Brief intervention based on the FRAMES techniques as employed in this study, was used in a total of 211 participants among whom 36 further received counseling for substance abuse and 60 were referred for specialized drug treatment therapy due to substance dependence. Gender, living environment, employment status and occupation were significant predictors of substance use across the participants. Specifically, male, participants who have stable accommodation, those with regular employment and students were found to be the group with the most significant rates of substance and substance use disorders.Conclusions: This study concludes among others, that the ASSIST, MINI and Brief Intervention were indeed effective for substance-related diagnosis in community-based medical programs and can be effectively incorporated into routine services with adequate planning, training and execution.

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