The mineral content of Sphagnum fuscum as affected by human settlement

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2755-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eville Gorham ◽  
Donald L. Tilton
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Dust Fall ◽  
Mineral Supply ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

Nine samples of Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr., one each of S. magellanicum, S. nemoreum, S. wulfianum, and Dicranum polysetum, and seven samples of Larix laricina have been analyzed for mineral ash content, Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and P. The chief influence upon the ash content of Sphagnum fuscum in ombrotrophic bogs which are dependent for their mineral supply solely upon the atmosphere is clearly windblown soil from cultivated farmlands. Bogs unaffected by human settlement and therefore not subjected to greater mineral supply are now restricted to wilderness areas in the northeastern part of Minnesota. Sphagnum serves as an effective trap for dust fall and is much richer in the lithophile elements Al and Fe than the needles of the tamarack, Larix laricina, from comparable habitats. Presumably dust fall is readily washed off the tree needles by rain. Larix concentrates B to a much greater degree than does Sphagnum.

scholarly journals Description And Composition Chemistry of Meat and Carapace (Thalasina Anomala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Tengku Muhammad Ghazali ◽  
Fillia R.G Sitinjak ◽  
Wahdi Simanullang
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Two Stages

Thalasina anomala is a type of shrimp that is generally found in the muddy areas of the mangrove area on the coast of the Selat Panjang. The purpose of this study was to obtain the chemical composition of meat and carapace and the rendemen of T. Anoma. Meat and carapace as raw material. This research method description and data analyzed statistically. In this study, there are two stages, namely preparation and rendement of body parts of rama shrimp and then proximate analysis of meat and carapace. Proximate test results from meat and carapace of successive shrimp are water content 76.58 %, 38.93 % gross weight (gw), protein content 81, 46 %, 10.12 % dry weight (dw) , fat content of 5.01% (dw), 2.36% (dw), ash content of 3.93% (bk), 73.96% (dw) and Carbohydrates 9.61% (dw), 14.62% (dw). This value shows that protein in meat is beneficial in food, while carapaces ash content shows the high mineral content

scholarly journals A study of the effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same low ratio of calcium to phosphorus

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Different Levels

1.Eight groups of weanling rats were maintained for 60 days on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 0·1 at four different levels of mineral, namely 0·08, 0·12, 0·23 and 0·32% Ca, and in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight, whereas at the highest mineral intake body-weight was reduced.3. At each level of dietary mineral the serum Ca concentration was raised by vitamin D, whilst the serum P concentration was lowered except when the mineral intake was lowest.4. With increasing mineral intake the serum Ca increased until at the highest intake it declined. Serum P was increased only at the highest mineral intake.5. Measurements were made of bone weights, ash content and volume. Provision of vitamin D increased the fresh weight of bone at all levels of dietary mineral, and the dry weight and ash content were increased except at the lowest level of mineral intake. In general, the higher the dietary mineral the greater was the bone weight and its ash content.6. The presence of vitamin D resulted in an increase in tooth mass and ash content at each level of mineral intake. Tooth mass and ash increased with increasing dietary mineral except at the highest level when there was a decline.7. At the lower levels of mineral intake the ratio of tooth mass to bone mass was greater than at the higher levels of intake.8. Histological examination of the bones revealed no increase in the width of the epiphyseal cartilage in any group. In the group with the lowest levels of Ca and P without vitamin D (0·08% Ca, 0·8% P) the shafts of the femurs appeared thinner and porotic, and the trabeculae were thin; in the group fed the same diets supplemented with vitamin D the shafts were even thinner but less porotic; in all other groups the histological appearance of the bone was within normal limits.9. Changes in the appearance of the dentine were demonstrated in all groups.

scholarly journals Proximate and Mineral Composition of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Seed Grown in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Ogunyemi ◽  
C. M. Ekuma ◽  
J. E. Egwu ◽  
D. M. Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Luffa cylindrica is locally a source of food, medicinal substances and have other traditional application. This study investigated the proximate and mineral analysis of L. cylindrica. The result of the analysis showed that the seed contain principally protein (35.83%) and fat content (33.93%). The crude fiber, moisture and ash content are 4.58, 5.84 and 6.13% respectively, while 13.67% was found as the carbohydrate content which is determine by different methods. The mineral content showed that phosphorus is the most abundant mineral with 30.63 mg/100 g followed by Magnesium (28.93 mg/100 g). It also contains moderately high amount of other minerals such as Potassium (13.86 mg/100 g), Sodium (8.18 mg/100 g) while Chromium (0.25 mg/100 g) was found to be the lowest. The sample could be useful in preventing high blood pressure. Thus, the research suggests that L. cylindrica seed can serve as a potential source of vegetable protein and mineral in dietary formulation.

scholarly journals On the water-solubility of plant minerals

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä ◽  
Kaija Kotilainen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
C 50

This paper deals with ash and mineral contents essential in the nutrition of livestock and man. The results of the investigated products are presented in Tables 1—3. Of the minerals the ash and the water-soluble part of it were determined, as well as the ash of the water-soluble fraction and the cations and anions P, Cl, K, Na, Ca and Mg. The determination of the water-solubility to some extent characterizes in what form the minerals occur in the plant. The following results were obtained in the determinations of the contents of total ash and the water-solubility. 1. As the Gramineae-grasses grow older the contents of ash and of individual minerals decrease, while the water-solubility simultaneously slightly declines (Table 1). The water-solubility of the ash and P is 70—80 %, that of K almost complete, that of Ca c. 50 % and that of Mg in general 60—70 %. 2. When red clover develops from the leaf stage to the blooming stage the contents of ash, N, P, Na, Ca and Mg decrease considerably, even to one half, while the content of K remains unchanged (Table 2). Simultaneously one can observe a decrease in the water-solubility. The water-solubility of the ash is 50—55 %, that of P 70—80 %, that of K almost complete, that of Ca 30—50 % and that of Mg 50—70 %. The contents of N, P and Ca in the leaves are considerably higher than in the stalks; at the blooming stage this is true also for Mg. On the other hand the content of K in the stalks is higher than in the leaves. The mineral content of the flowers is similar to that of the leaves, except that the content of ash is lower and that of phosphorus higher. 3. The water-solubility of the ash of cereal grains, cereal products and straws is 40—60 % (Table 2). The water-solubility of P in grains and wheat bran is c. 40 %, in brewers’ grains and straw 60—80 %. The water-solubility of K is only 60—80 %, except in straw where it is 90 %. The water-solubility of Ca in grains and brewers’ grains is c. 70 %, in the wheat bran and straw 30—40 %, in hulls of oats 20 % and awns of barley 66 %. The water-solubility of Mg in brewers’ grains is almost 70%, in oat grains and straw c. 50 %, in wheat grains and bran 20—30 %. 4. The water-solubility of the ash of roots and potato (Table 3) is high, 80—90 %. The ash content of tops and potato stalks is quite high, but the water-solubility of the ash only approximately 60 %. The water-solubility of P of the aforementioned plants and parts of plants is 70—90 % and that of K almost complete. The water-solubility of Ca in potato tubers, swede tops and spring rape is c. 50 %, where as it is low in other plants, especially in sugar beet tops and potato stalks. The water-solubility of Mg in potato tubers and tops is c. 70 %, whereas it is low in carrots, potato stalks and especially in swede roots. 5. In Table 3 are furthermore presented the mineral contents of some plants belonging to various groups of plants which to a limited extent may be used by some animals. The dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is quite similar to the meadow fescue at the leaf stage with respect to its mineral content and the water-solubility of various minerals. The common sedge (Carex Goodenowii) is with respect to its mineral content and the water-solubility of the minerals similar to the blooming timothy, except; that the amount and water-solubility of P is low. The water-soluble ash and the contents and water-solubility of various minerals of water horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile) and common horsetail (E. arvense) are approximately the same as those of the meadow fescue at the leaf stage, except that the contents of Ca and Mg are higher and the water-solubility of Ca considerably less. The ash content of chickweed (Stellaria media) (c. 24 % in the dry matter) and of its specific minerals, the content of K (c. 10 %) is exceptionally high. On the other hand lichen (Cladonia alpestris) is especially poor in minerals.

scholarly journals Comparative of Different Drying Methods on the Phytochemical and Some Nutrient Components of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
N. B. Muhammad ◽  
S. Salihu ◽  
A. I. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Content Range

The effect of air, sun, and oven drying methods on scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and the organic and dietary elemental composition of its leaves was evaluated using standard analytical procedures. Drying increased significantly and the concentration of organic constituents evaluated. The ash content was markedly enhanced by drying and it range from 2% in the fresh sample to 11.5% in the oven-dried sample, the fiber content range from 1.5% in the fresh sample to 5.5% in the air-dried sample, also the lipid content from 0.5% in fresh sample to 2.5% in both air-dried and oven-dried sample, the moisture content was markedly low in the drying method compared to the fresh, the carbohydrate content range from 9.46% in the fresh sample to 76.20% in the sun-dried sample, the protein content ranging from 1.54% in the fresh sample to 2.80% in the sun-dried sample. Preserving Ocimum gratissimum leaves in a more hygienic way and ensure its all-year round availability and possible elimination of most nutrient deficiencies. A significant increase in mineral content was observed upon drying except for K and Ca whose concentration was found to be high (2050±0.003 mg/kg and 1.50±0.003 mg/kg) in the fresh sample and observed low in the dried samples. All the results are expressed in MEAN±SEM (Standard Error of Mean) and a significant difference was observed among the drying methods. The result of this study suggest that drying methods increase the concentration of organic and dietary elemental compositions.

scholarly journals Water-soluble chitosan preparation from marine sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yatim Lailun Ni'mah ◽  
Harmami Harmami ◽  
Ita Ulfin ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Clarissa Welny Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amine Group ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Shrimp Shell

Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) has been derived from different marine sources such as squid pen, shrimp, mussel, and crab shells. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin. Degradation of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide would produce WSC. Demineralization process was optimized by varying incubation time and temperature to minimize the mineral content in chitin. WSC that obtained was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to calculate the deacetylation degree. Deacetylation degree of WSC was also studied by titrimetric method. The ash content of chitin from marine sources was measured to obtain the optimum demineralization incubation time. The optimum incubation time for demineralization process was 12 hours and stirred at 50 rpm. Recovery and deacetylation degree of WSC were found to be varied and depended on the source of WSC. Each sample of WSC from shrimp shell, mussel shell, squid pen and crab shell has the degree of deacetylation of 64.18%, 35.03%, 58.04% and 53.91% respectively. The presence of amine group was confirmed from FTIR spectra ofsynthesized WSC.

Ash Content Modulation of Torsionally Derived Effective Material Properties in Cortical Mouse Bone

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C. Battaglia ◽  
An-Chi Tsou ◽  
Emerson A. Taylor ◽  
Borjana Mikic
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Effective Shear Modulus ◽  
Effective Material Properties ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of isolated alterations in mineral content on mouse bone torsional properties. The femora and tibiae from 25 eight-week-old male A/J strain mice were divided into five groups and selectively decalcified from 5% to 20%. The right femora were then tested to failure in torsion while the tibiae were ashed to determine final mineral content of the decalcified bones. Contralateral femora were serially cross-sectioned to determine geometric properties, and effective material properties were then calculated from the geometric and structural properties of each femoral pair. We found that the relationship between ash content and effective shear modulus or maximum effective shear stress could best be characterized through a power law, with an exponential factor of 6.79 R2=0.85 and 4.04 R2=0.67, respectively. This indicates that in a murine model, as with other species, small changes in ash content significantly influence effective material properties. Furthermore, it appears that (in adolescent A/J strain mice) effective shear modulus is more heavily affected by changes in mineralization than is maximum effective shear stress when these properties are derived from whole bone torsional tests to failure.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition and Phytochemical Content of Selected Vegetables Consumed in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Ukom ◽  
J. A. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

This study evaluated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of four selected vegetables consumed in Nigeria, namely, bush mallow (ahihara), garden egg leaf (okpokwa),African spinach(inine), and bush okro (ewedu). They were analyzed for proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents. Proximate values maintained the following ranges: moisture 6.73% to 91.22%, protein 7.05% to 32.12%, crude fiber 2.75% to 6.36%, ether extract 3.15% to 6.81%, ash content 2.81% to 6.81% and carbohydrate 48.75% to 72.62% while energy value ranged from 340.54kcal to 363.07kcal. The vitamin contents for these vegetables ranged as follows: vitamin A 0.13.mg/100g to 370.64mg/100g, thiamin (vit B1) 3.12mg/100g to 7.45mg/100g, riboflavin (vit B2) 0.08mg/100g to 3.96mg/100g, vitamin B3(niacin) 0.17mg/100g to 1.91mg/100g, and vitamin C 39.84mg/100g to 98.75mg/100g. The mineral content, namely, calcium ranged from 45.61mg/100g to 430.69mg/100g, magnesium 11.05mg/100g to 198.14mg/100g, potassium 49.82mg/100g to 708.28mg/100g, sodium 2.36mg/100g to 22.98mg/100g. Also the phytochemical contents of the vegetables for phytate ranged from 0.47% to 3.04%, tannin 0.10% to 1.01%, saponin 0.16% to 2.56% and oxalate 0.63% to 0.72%. The results obtained from these vegetables show that they can contribute qualitatively to the nutritional need of the Nigerian population especially among the rural dwellers where vegetables is major food source.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Content of Pleurotus Pulmonarius (Oyster Mushroom) (P20-019-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Oloruntola ◽  
Omolola Omotosho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of sun drying, oven drying, microwave drying and deep frying on the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of the mushroom, to evaluate the most appropriate method for preservation and to extensively study the nutritional analysis of the various drying methods. Methods The proximate parameters: moisture content, ash content, crude protein, lipid/fat content, crude fiber, carbohydrate content, dried and matter were screened in all samples. Phytochemical screening for alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins/amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins and phenols was evaluated. Mineral content, sodium and potassium were determined. Results Result from each sample showed; moisture content (88.96%, 21.09%, 23.30%, 13.24% and 0.96% respectively), ash content(0.89%, 8.40%, 7.80%, 5.34% and 4.20% respectively), crude fibre (5.08%, 7.20%, 5.90%, 4.22% and 5.10% respectively), crude protein (21.17%, 25.03%, 23.06%, 21.34% and 14.28% respectively), crude lipid (2.09%, 3.42%, 2.19%, 2.07% and 2.30% respectively) and total carbohydrates (34.86% for sundried, 37.75% for microwave dried, 53.74% for oven dried and 73.16% for fried mushroom). Organic and dried matter were also analyzed. All five samples showed presence of sodium and potassium in varying amounts with sodium possessing the lowest values. The high protein, carbohydrate and fibre content obtained from all samples makes it suitable as a meal supplement. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the occurrence of active compounds such as carbohydrates in all samples, alkaloids (in sun dried, microwave dried and oven dried samples), glycosides in all but fried sample and saponins in all but fried and fresh samples. Sun dried mushrooms contained the highest content of potassium, 1.00% while fresh mushroom contains the least potassium content, 0.97%. Deep fried, sun dried and microwave dried mushroom contained equal sodium content, 0.09% and fried mushroom contained the highest, 0.12%. Conclusions It therefore authenticates the use of Pleurotus pulmonarius as an excellent food supplement as well as exhibiting anti-carcinogenic, hypocholesterolaemic, hypoglycaemic and immunostimulant effects due to the phytochemicals present. Funding Sources Covenant University, Kilometer 10 Idi-iroko road, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutritional Composition in Red and Green Strains of Kappaphycus Alvarezii Cultivated in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Arief Rahmat Setyawan ◽  
Suadi ◽  
Anes Dwi Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Green Strain ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

Kappaphycus alvarezii is the most widely grown seaweed known by the commercial name “cottoni.” Several types or strains of K. alvarezii are grown in Indonesia, and each has a different appearance. There were red K. alvarezii, and green K. alvarezii collected from cultivation sites in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional compositions of the red and green strain of K. alvarezii. The chemical composition analysis reveals that both strains contain ash, fat, crude fiber, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and minerals; Ca (Calcium), Na (Sodium), and Fe (iron). While the red strain shows a higher ash content (4.62%), fat content (0.05%), protein (1.94%), carbohydrate (5.24%), vitamin C (3.42 mg.100 g−1), Na (467.65 mg.100 g−), and Fe (30.10 mg.100 g−), the green one has higher content of crude fiber (0.64%) and Na (9,307.17 mg.100 g−). Based on the result, the red K. alvarezii contains higher ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, Ca, and Fe, while the green K. alvarezii is higher in water content, crude fiber, and Na. These two strains have no significant differences in nutrient composition and mineral content.

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