A STUDY OF THE RELATIVE VALUE OF HONEY AND SUCROSE IN BREAD MANUFACTURE
Honey was substituted for commercial sucrose in various straight-dough bread baking formulae, the doughs fermented for varying times and proofed and baked in the usual manner. No significant difference in loaf volume, flavor, or other bread characteristics could be detected, indicating that honey possesses no superiority over sucrose but is of equal value when compared on the basis of equivalent sugar content. The baking tests were supplemented by studies on the rate of gas production in doughs and also by determinations of the reducing-sugar content of the doughs at the end of the proof period. Rate of gas production was similar and the reducing-sugar content of the doughs were of the same order. A comparison of the results obtained by the different baking formulae indicate the importance of considering the formula in relation to the apparent fermentation tolerance of a flour. No difference was observed in the rate of gas production in partially buffered yeast-honey and yeast-sucrose suspensions of equivalent sugar content prepared in a manner to simulate conditions in fermenting bread doughs. Studies on the rate of inversion of sucrose by yeast showed that the rate of invertase action exceeds the speed of zymase action and indicate that sucrose inversion is not a limiting factor in the rate of gas production in bread doughs. An extension of the market for honey in the baking industry would seem to lie in the direction of increasing its use in sweet goods where its flavor, higher sweetening power and greater hygroscopicity are particularly advantageous—the last in relation to checking. In bread manufacture these properties do not come into play since the relatively low percentage of sugar used is to a large extent removed by fermentation.