scholarly journals Modeling and predicting evacuation flows during hurricane Irma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Hong ◽  
Vanessa Frias-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
State Level ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hurricane Irma ◽  
Socioeconomic Levels

Abstract Evacuations are a common practice to mitigate the potential risks and damages made by natural disasters. However, without proper coordination and management, evacuations can be inefficient and cause negative impact. Local governments and organizations need to have a better understanding of how the population responds to disasters and evacuation recommendations so as to enhance their disaster management processes. Previous studies mostly examine responses to evacuations at the individual or household level by using survey methods. However, population flows during disasters are not just the aggregation of individuals’ decisions, but a result of complex interactions with other individuals and the environment. We propose a method to model evacuation flows and reveal the patterns of evacuation flows at different spatial scales. Specifically, we gathered large-scale geotagged tweets during Hurricane Irma to conduct an empirical study. First, we present a method to characterize evacuation flows at different geographic scales: the state level, considering evacuation flows across southern states affected by Irma; the urban/rural area level, and the county level. Then we demonstrate results on the predictability of evacuation flows in the most affected state, Florida, by using the following environmental factors: the destructive force of the hurricane, the socioeconomic context, and the evacuation policy issued for counties. Feature analyses show that distance is a dominant predictive factor with counties that are geographically closer generally having larger evacuation flows. Socioeconomic levels are positively related to evacuation flows, with popular destinations associated to higher socioeconomic levels. The results presented in this paper can help decision makers to better understand population evacuation behaviors given certain environmental features, which in turn will aid in the design of efficient and informed preparedness and response strategies.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT AMONG EMPLOYEES OF ENTERPRISES: RESEARCH OF SPECIFICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
A.A. Melnikova ◽  
T.I. Korotkina
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
State Level ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Individual

The topic of occupational health is among the top priorities in the general list of tasks assigned not only to psychology, but also requiring solutions at the state level. One of the most relevant directions in this field is the study of psychological mechanisms that resist industrial stress and professional burnout. The article presents the results of a large-scale empirical study of employees of large industrial enterprises belonging to different professional spheres and industries, namely: energy engineering (St. Petersburg, 50 people); production of oil and gas equipment (Kurgan, 50 people); electrical industry (Ryazan, 50 people); automotive industry (Nizhny Novgorod, 61 people). The subject of the study was professional burnout and coping strategies of the individual, creating a model of overcoming behavior. The aim of the study was to identify the coping strategies of the individual, both contributing to burnout and reducing the risk of burnout. Methods used: the questionnaire of K. Maslach and S. Jackson "Professional burnout" (adaptation of Vodopyanova N.E.) and the questionnaire of R. Lazarus "Methods of coping behavior". When processing the results, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the presence of relationships between the burnout characteristics and the coping strategies used. The results of the study show that professional burnout was diagnosed in employees of all the studied enterprises, while there was a specificity in the degree of severity of individual indicators of professional burnout in employees of enterprises of different industrial spheres. The dominant strategies of coping with stress were determined, and the correlation analysis helped to identify those coping strategies that contribute to reducing professional burnout. In addition, as a generalization of the results of the study, the authors proposed a model of coping with the stress of employees of industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Problems of Local Disaster Management Plan at the Great East Japan Earthquake and Achievements 10 Years Later

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-932
Author(s):  
Hajime Kagiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Level ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Training System ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Collaboration Management ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
The Individual

According to the survey of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, sending and receiving of support, vertical division of organizations, business continuity, local collaboration, management of disaster prevention and mitigation, advance preparation for reconstruction, and number of personnel are listed as the problems of a local disaster management. As for these problems, the achievements are made clear by analyzing concretely the progress for 10 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake based on the data and examples. As a result it is found out that at the state level the know-how to formulate the subordinate plan of a regional disaster management plan has been summarized and the training system is being arranged to develop the human resources. And at the level of the local governments the rate of the local governments which have worked out a business continuity plan improves and the number of the personnel engaging in disaster management increases significantly. Furthermore, some remarkable advanced examples are observed in the problems of “vertical division of organizations” and “local collaboration.” In the future these measures should be implemented in the individual local governments and elaborated continuously by improving themselves through friendly rivalry.

DIGITALIZATION AS A KEY FACTOR IN DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SERVICES MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 SPREADING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1782-1797
Author(s):  
I.F. Zhukovskaya ◽  
◽  
D.A. Mityakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Over the past decades, there have been significant changes in organizational forms, tools, technologies for managing companies’ logistics and supply chains. This is mainly the result of the business digitalization paradigm caused by the growth of logistics costs in recent years. Massive outbreaks of COVID-19 and restrictive measures introduced at the state level to prevent the spread of coronavirus have had a strong negative impact on the efficiency of the global economy in the first months. The coronavirus also severely disrupted logistics activities, as air travel was cut, seaports closed and workers were at risk. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) estimates, the drop in GDP from restrictions in 64 studied countries of the world can reach 31.2%, and a third of this decline is due precisely to gaps in global supply chains. However, after the lifting of restrictive measures, the size of the global logistics market may grow from USD 2734 billion in 2020 to USD 3215 billion in 2021, which will amount to 17.6% on an annualized basis [1]. In these conditions, logistics providers need to quickly increase capacity, diversify routes, increase network flexibility and resiliency, and reduce costs. Achieving these results will depend on how quickly and comprehensively the logistics companies automate and digitize. The Russian logistics and supply chain management (SCM) market is still at an early stage of development, and many companies are just beginning to explore the possibilities of logistics outsourcing and service provision. Therefore, the issues of digitalization are not yet of primary importance for them. The analysis carried out in the article showed that in the context of the global digitalization of the economy, an advantageous geographical position on the path of movement of trade flows from Asia to Europe ceases to be a clear competitive advantage. In these conditions, Russian logistics companies need large-scale automation and digitalization.

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of Ocimum campechianum, Ocotea quixos and Piper aduncum essential oils against Aedes aegypti

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Scalvenzi ◽  
Matteo Radice ◽  
Luciano Toma ◽  
Francesco Severini ◽  
Daniela Boccolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector of the Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Preventive control efforts have been implemented worldwide aimed at reducing its impact on human health. The recent reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to their negative impact on the environment and human health and the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides have driven the research community to identify and evaluate sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In this study, the potential larvicidal effect of essential oils extracted from Ocimum campechianum, Ocotea quixos and Piper aduncum were tested in vitro. GC and GC–MS analyses showed that the main compounds were eugenol (18%), 1,8-cineole (39%) and dillapiole (48%), respectively. Susceptibility to essential oils was measured according to the WHO protocol. After 24 h, the mean percentage mortality ranged from 2.7 to 100% for P. aduncum, from 2.2 to 100% for O. campechianum, and from 2.9 to 100% for O. quixos. The highest potential was displayed by P. aduncum, followed by O. campechianum and O. quixos, with LC50 values of 25.7, 69.3 and 75.5 ppm, respectively. The rapid and effective larvicidal activity of these three oils led us to consider these results to be promising, also considering the possibility of local cultivation of these plants in tropical and subtropical areas and the simple technology for their large-scale preparation and production. Further studies are needed to evaluate the individual components and their activity as larvicides.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

Boundaries of Restricting the Rights of Human and Citizen

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Manol Stanin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractLimitation of rights is a measure proved its effectiveness with positive results for the community in war, military or another emergency.Attitude to rightsmust be human with a view to the right-to-human relationshipbecause the crossing of a certain boundary leads to a disintegration of rights and a negative impact on the personality.This implies necessity from legal institutionalization of clear criteria to refine the limitation of rights, both for the purpose of their protection and for the purpose of protecting the individual.

Models, Practices and Methods of Reading: Evolution in Time and Space

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yulia P. Melentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Program ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Individual

In recent years as public in general and specialist have been showing big interest to the matters of reading. According to discussion and launch of the “Support and Development of Reading National Program”, many Russian libraries are organizing the large-scale events like marathons, lecture cycles, bibliographic trainings etc. which should draw attention of different social groups to reading. The individual forms of attraction to reading are used much rare. To author’s mind the main reason of such an issue has to be the lack of information about forms and methods of attraction to reading.

Accidental Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Whole Foods

This chapter examines the scaling and diffusion of green entrepreneurship between 1980 and the present. It explores how entrepreneurs and business leaders promoted the idea that business and sustainability were compatible. It then examines the rapid growth of organic foods, natural beauty, ecological architecture, and eco-tourism. Green firms sometimes grew to a large scale, such as the retailer Whole Foods Market in the United States. The chapter explores how greater mainstreaming of these businesses resulted in a new set of challenges arising from scaling. Organic food was now transported across large distances causing a negative impact on carbon emissions. More eco-tourism resulted in more air travel and bigger airports. In other industries scaling had a more positive impact. Towns were major polluters, so more ecological buildings had a positive impact.

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