scholarly journals Standardization ofMorinda umbellataLinn. - An Effective Crude Drug for Diarrhoea

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Syed Ismail ◽  
A. Parveen Sulthana
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Chemical Characters

Morinda umbellataLinn. (Family Rubiaceae) is commonly known as “Nuna” in Tamil and “Pitadaru” in Sanksrit. The leaves in conjunction with certain aromatics in the form of decoction are used in diarrhoea and dysentry. The genuine sample ofM.umbellatawas collected. As part of the study genuine leaf, stem and root samples were collected and subjected to anatomical investigations. The air-dried leaf powder was extracted with different solvent systems such as petroleum-ether (40-60° C), benzene, chloroform, ethanol and sterile water and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts including TLC and paper chromatographic assays were done and the Rfvalues were determined. Physico-chemical characters, fluorescence characters and extractive values of the leaf powder in different solvent systems were also determined. The pharmacognostical parameters studied, may be used as a tool for the correct identification of the plant and also to test the adulterants if any.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Leaf of Abutilon indicum (Linn.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guno Sindhu Chakraborthy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Abutilon indicum (Linn) family (Malvaceae) commonly known as Atibala is used in our Traditional System of Medicine for healing various diseases. It is used in the treatment of piles, uterine discharge, febrifuge and in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to study its Pharmacognostical features, including macroscopic, microscopic features, physico-chemical parameters, leaf constants and to investigated the phytochemical present in the extracts in the preliminary level. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore the plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide a referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug.

Physico-chemical and phytochemical evaluation of Aloe acutissima leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 4633
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasar S.* ◽  
Narasegowda P. N.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leaf Powder

Aloe acutissima is a fast growing shrub belonging to the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. This plant is a point of concern as it has profound importance in the field of pharmacology. The secondary metabolites obtained from this plant viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, quinines, glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, proteins, oils and free fatty acids serves as a medicinal tool to mankind. The study comprises of physico-chemical and phytochemical evaluation of leaves of Aloe acutissima by using standard methods. Physico-chemical parameters such as percentage of loss on drying (LOD), ash values, extractive values were determined. Phytochemical evaluation was carried out to detect the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, quinines, glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, couramins, acids, proteins, oils and free fatty acids in different extracts of Aloe acutissima leaf powder. Estimation of Phenols, Tannin, flavonoids, Alkaloids, steroids and ascorbic acid content of Aloe acutissima leaves were also carried out. Thus the present study revealing the physico-chemical data and phytochemical analysis of leaves of Aloe acutissima is useful for further studies of pharmacological parameters which is helpful for the future at large. 

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical Study on the Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Bijauliya ◽  
Pushpendra Kannojia ◽  
Pankaj Mishra ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh ◽  
Rahul Kannaujia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies

Aim: To rationalize the macroscopial, microscopical and physico-chemical studies on leaves of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Methods: The pharmacognostic characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. was using physico-chemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical investigation (TLC). Results: The microscopic study shows the general characteristic of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the established pharmacognostic profile of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves will be helpful in developing pharmacopoeial standards for correct identification and quality control. The present observation will also be helpful in macroscopical and microscopical on leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Pharmacognostical Study, Macroscopial and Microscopical studies

Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A herbal formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akash S Changole ◽  
Mandip Goyal ◽  
Harish CR
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Solvent Systems

Background: Quality control and the standardization of herbal medicines involve steps like standard source and quality of raw materials, good manufacturing practices and adequate analytical screening. These practices play a vital role in guaranting the quality and stability of herbal preparations. Chandrashakaladi Vataka is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation mentioned to be beneficial in Kushtha. Till date no published data is available on its analytical profile. Aim: To develop the Pharmacognostical and Phyto-chemical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka. Material and Methods: Chandrashakaladi Vataka was prepared as per classical method and analytical findings were recorded. Samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis, physico-chemical analysis and HPTLC examination by optimizing the solvent systems. Results and Conclusions: Pharmacognostical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka was established. Loss on drying, Ash value, Acid insoluble extract, Methanol soluble extract, Chandrashakaladi Vataka was found within prescribed limits. HPTLC profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka revealed 12 spots at 254 nm and 13 spots at 366 nm.

Thermodynamics and acoustic effects of quercetin on micellization and interaction behaviour of CTAB in different hydroethanol solvent systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Abbot ◽  
Poonam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Surfactant Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ultrasonic Sound ◽  
Apparent Molar Compressibility ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Thermoacoustic Properties

AbstractFlavonoids amongst the class of secondary metabolites possess numerous health benefits, are known for its use in pharmaceutical industry. Quercetin, a flavonoid has more prominent medical advantages however its utilization is constrained because of various instability and insolubility issues and therefore, taken into consideration for studying its physico-chemical properties. In view of that, the thermodynamic and thermoacoustic properties of quercetin were examined in presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at different hydroethanolic concentrations and temperatures. The conductivity studies were used to calculate change in enthalpy (∆Hom), change in entropy (∆Som) and change in Gibbs free Energy (∆Gom) of micellization. The interactions between quercetin and CTAB were found to be endothermic, entropically controlled and spontaneous. Further, ultrasonic sound velocity and density studies were carried out and utilized for the calculation of thermoacoustic parameters i.e. apparent molar volume and apparent molar compressibility. Thermoacoustic properties revealed that at higher surfactant concentration, hydrophobic interactions are dominant. The results suggested that the flavonoid-surfactant interactions in hydroethanolic solutions is more favourable as compared with aqueous solution. Overall, the data is favourable for the framework to be used for detailing advancement, drug development, drug industry, pharmaceutical industry, medical administration and formulation development studies.

Microscopic and Phytochemical analysis of Desmodium velutinum (Willd) DC and Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Panchanga powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 2950-2956
Author(s):  
Jigyasa Pathak ◽  
Aswathi M. P. ◽  
B. R. Patel ◽  
Harisha C. R. ◽  
Shukla Vinay J.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Edible Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Collection Practices

Background: Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) is one of the wild edible plants used traditionally to treat diarrhoea, haematuria, infertility and also externally used to treat scorpion bites. Though various parts of the plant have been used for therapeutic purpose, panchanga of the plant has not been studied for its Pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics in detail, following scientific parameters. Hence in the present study Desmodium velutinum whole plant has been studied for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters and compared with commonly used species Desmodium gangeticum. Methods: Whole plant of Desmodim velutinum was collected from Paikmal, Odisha and Desmodium gangeticum was collected from Junagarh, Gujarat in the month of November 2019 following good collection practices and shade dried. Pharmacognostical study and analytical study were performed following standard pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: Whole plant (Panchanga) of former is sweetish and latter is bitter. Powder microscopy of Desmodium gangeticum showed presence of rhomboidal crystals and lignified annular and spiral vessels. Desmodium velutinum showed presence of prismatic crystals and lignified pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed higher loss on drying in Desmodium gangeticum, and higher water soluble extractive values of Desmodium velutinum. Phytochemical estimation showed the presence of Proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates in both samples. HPTLC study showed similar Rf value 0.82 and 0.94 at 254 and 0.03 and 0.41 at 366nm. Conclusion: Basing upon the analytical and microscopic similarities Desmodium velutinum may be considered as substitute of Desmodium gangeticum

scholarly journals Oxidative Stability and Physico-chemical Properties of Meat from Broilers Fed with Dietary Neem Leaf Powder, Spirulina and their Combination

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Ravi KILLI ◽  
Bharavi KAITHEPALLI ◽  
Ravi Kumar PENTELA ◽  
Eswar Rao BANDI ◽  
Vamsi Krishna BOBBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Poultry Diets

This 6 week study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, maintaining quality and sensory properties of broiler meat from birds fed on dietary neem leaf powder (NLP). A total of 90 Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 6 groups of 15 birds in each. Dietary treatments consisted of normal diet (control Group I), feed containing terramycin-200 (TM-200*) at the concentration of 0.05% (Group II), feed containing NLP of 0.2% (Group III), feed containing NLP of 0.2% and spirulina of 1% (Group IV), feed containing TM-200 at 0.05% and spirulina of 1% (Group V) and feed containing spirulina of 1% (Group VI). At the end of the experiment liver, kidney and muscle samples were collected to evaluate the tissue peroxidation (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidant markers (SOD). Physico-chemical quality determinants of both fresh and preserved meat viz. extract release volume (ERV), water holding capacity (WHC) and pH were also studied. TBARS protein carbonyls indicated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all the treated groups when compared to control. Superoxide dismutase levels were found to be significantly increased in all the treated groups, in all the tissues collected. Compared to control group, favorable physico-chemical quality determinants were recorded in all the treated groups. The sensory attributes did not show significant (P < 0.05) differences for color, flavor, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability. This study indicates enhanced stress tolerance levels, improved meat quality with unaffected consumer acceptance levels of the meat observed in the study, from broilers fed with neem and spirulina either alone or in combinationsș this points out that neem at 0.2% level can be used in poultry diets instead of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP).

scholarly journals IN VITRO - ANTIOXIDANT AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AEGLE MARMELOS (L.) CORREA. LEAF EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Samidha M Pawaskar ◽  
Sasangan Kc
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: In this study, the leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. was subjected to preliminary phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant analysis. Methods: The freshly prepared plant leaf extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and steroids. Reducing power, superoxide (SO) anion radical, nitric oxide (NO) radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanolic leaf extract of this plant. The amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Results: This study has revealed that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. leaf extract showed considerably high amounts of most of the phytochemicals, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. The study also indicated that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. showed comparatively good scavenging activity, i.e., inhibition of hydroxyl radical, NO and SO anion scavenging and reducing power activities when compared with the respective standards. Conclusion: The leaf powder of A. marmelos (L.) Correa. can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidant and as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5355-5360
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

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