Carcass Fungistasis of the Burying BeetleNicrophorus nepalensisHope (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

Our study investigated the fungistatic effects of the anal secretions ofNicrophorus nepalensisHope on mouse carcasses. The diversity of fungi on carcasses was investigated in five different experimental conditions that corresponded to stages of the burial process. The inhibition of fungal growth on carcasses that were treated by mature beetles before burial was lost when identically treated carcasses were washed with distilled water. Compared with control carcasses, carcasses that were prepared, buried, and subsequently guarded by mature breeding pairs of beetles exhibited the greatest inhibition of fungal growth. No significant difference in fungistasis was observed between the 3.5 g and the 18 to 22 g guarded carcasses. We used the growth of the predominant species of fungi on the control carcasses,Trichodermasp., as a biological indicator to examine differences in the fungistatic efficiency of anal secretions between sexually mature and immature adults and between genders. The anal secretions of sexually mature beetles inhibited the growth ofTrichodermasp., whereas the secretions of immature beetles did not. The secretions of sexually mature females displayed significantly greater inhibition of the growth ofTrichodermasp. than those of sexually mature males, possibly reflecting a division of labor in burying beetle reproduction.

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Relevance Predictability in Information Retrieval Systems

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636254 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Kent ◽

J. Belzer ◽

M. Kuhfeerst ◽

E. D. Dym ◽

D. L. Shirey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Retrieval Systems ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Information Retrieval Systems ◽

High Predictability ◽

Intermediate Response ◽

Quantitative Indicators ◽

Level Of Processing

An experiment is described which attempts to derive quantitative indicators regarding the potential relevance predictability of the intermediate stimuli used to represent documents in information retrieval systems. In effect, since the decision to peruse an entire document is often predicated upon the examination of one »level of processing« of the document (e.g., the citation and/or abstract), it became interesting to analyze the properties of what constitutes »relevance«. However, prior to such an analysis, an even more elementary step had to be made, namely, to determine what portions of a document should be examined.An evaluation of the ability of intermediate response products (IRPs), functioning as cues to the information content of full documents, to predict the relevance determination that would be subsequently made on these documents by motivated users of information retrieval systems, was made under controlled experimental conditions. The hypothesis that there might be other intermediate response products (selected extracts from the document, i.e., first paragraph, last paragraph, and the combination of first and last paragraph), that would be as representative of the full document as the traditional IRPs (citation and abstract) was tested systematically. The results showed that:1. there is no significant difference among the several IRP treatment groups on the number of cue evaluations of relevancy which match the subsequent user relevancy decision on the document;2. first and last paragraph combinations have consistently predicted relevancy to a higher degree than the other IRPs;3. abstracts were undistinguished as predictors; and4. the apparent high predictability rating for citations was not substantive.Some of these results are quite different than would be expected from previous work with unmotivated subjects.

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Validation of a monetary Taylor Aggression Paradigm: Associations with trait aggression and role of provocation sequence

10.26686/wgtn.12430973.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J Konzok ◽

L Kreuzpointner ◽

GI Henze ◽

L Wagels ◽

C Kärgel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sequence ◽

Reactive Aggression ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Competitive Reaction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Fixed Sequence ◽

Taylor Aggression Paradigm ◽

Trait Aggression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

In Series

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. The Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) is widely used to measure reactive aggression in laboratory settings. While modified versions (mTAPs) with various stimulus characteristics (shocks, noise, pressure, heat) have already been established, a modified version with monetary stimuli has only been introduced very recently. In this experiment, 209 young healthy participants (104 males, 105 females) completed a mock Competitive Reaction Time Task (CRTT) with a fictional opponent with preprogrammed 40 win and 60 lose trials. In lose trials, participants were provoked by subtracting a low (0–20 euro cents), medium (30–60 cents) or high (70–90 cents) amount of money from their fictitious account. Provocation stimuli were either presented randomly or in a fixed sequence (experimental conditions). In contrast to a random sequence, the fixed sequence was generated by repeating trials from the same provocation category in series of three. Linear mixed models (LMMs) considering aggression trajectories revealed significant effects of provocation (low, medium, high) and trait aggression (K-FAF) on reactive aggression. Men showed significantly higher reactive aggression levels than women. In regard to provocation sequence, we found no significant difference in reactive aggression between the random vs. fixed stimulus sequences. The findings provide new evidence supporting the view that the monetary mTAP is able to induce as well as capture reactive aggression in the laboratory. Additionally, we found no advantage of a fixed sequence as the level of reactive aggression in a given trial appeared to be mainly predicted by the preceding provocation trial.

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Economics, Society, and Sociopolitical Thought in Hungary during the Age of Capitalism

Austrian History Yearbook ◽

10.1017/s0067237800015356 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 113-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Péter Hanák

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Division Of Labor ◽

Central Europe ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Habsburg Monarchy ◽

Hungarian Revolution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Revolution Of 1848

By abolishing feudalism, the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 helped to create the economic preconditions and the legal-political framework necessary for capitalistic development. This made it possible for Hungary to adapt her economy to the market possibilities offered by the Industrial Revolution in western and central Europe and to share in the agrarian boom of the period between 1850 and 1873. The previously existing division of labor between western and eastern Europe and between the western and eastern parts of the Habsburg monarchy continued on a scale larger than before, with the significant difference, however, that this practice now speeded up rather than retarded the development of preconditions for capitalism. During the first half of the nineteenth century the preconditions for capitalism had come into existence in the Cisleithanian provinces at considerable expense to the Hungarian economy.

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An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽

Yahia A. Othman ◽

Maher J. Tadros ◽

Amani Al-Assaf ◽

Samer Talozi

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Albizia Lebbeck ◽

Forage Production ◽

Water Control ◽

Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

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Effect of saliva contamination and re-etching time on the shear bond strength of a pit and fissure sealant

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572004000300007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 200-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gisele Maria Correr ◽

Angela S. Caldo-Teixeira ◽

Roberta Caroline Bruschi Alonso ◽

Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani ◽

Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Etching Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Third Molars ◽

Fissure Sealant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pit And Fissure Sealant ◽

Saliva Contamination

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination (SCT) and re-etching time (RET) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the Fluroshield sealant. Forty-five extracted third molars were sectioned and flattened until reach an enamel surface area. Then, all samples were etched for 30 sec with 35% phosphoric acid and then they were distributed into 9 groups (n=10) according to SCT and RET (seconds), respectively: G1- control (no SCT and no RET); G2- 30s and 0s; G3- 60s and 0s; G4-30s and 2s; G5- 30s and 5s; G6- 30s and 15s; G7-60s and 2s; G8- 60s and 5s; G9- 60s and 15s. The sealant was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 72h and subjected to the SBS test. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). However, it could be noticed that: 1- the longer the SCT, the lower the SBS values; 2 - the longer the RET, the higher the SBS values. It could be concluded that there was a tendency to the shortest SCT (30s) associated to the longest RET (5 and 15s) to reach similar SBS values for the control group.

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Speciation Studies of L-Histidine Complexes of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) in DMSO-Water Mixtures

International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/265249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

K. Bharath Kumar Naik ◽

B. Ananda Kumar ◽

S. Raju ◽

G. Nageswara Rao

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Complex Formation ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Equilibrium Study ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Chemical Models ◽

Best Fit

Equilibrium study on complex formation of L-histidine with Pb(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) has been investigated pH metrically in DMSO-water mixtures (0–60% v/v) at 303 K and 0.16 mol L−1 ionic strength. The predominant species detected for Pb(II) and Cd(II) are ML2H4, ML2H3, ML2H2, ML2H, and ML2 and those for Hg(II) are ML2H4, ML2H3, ML2, and ML. The appropriateness of experimental conditions is verified by introducing errors intentionally in the concentrations of ingredients. The models containing different numbers of species were refined by using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were arrived at based on statistical parameters. The trend in variation of stability constants of the complexes with dielectric constant of the medium is attributed to the electrostatic and nonelectrostatic forces. The species distribution and the plausible equilibria for the formation of the species are also presented.

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Evaluation of the apical seal after intraradicular retainer removal with ultrasound or carbide bur

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242007000300011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomie Nakakuki Campos ◽

Cleber Henrique Inoue ◽

Elcio Yamamoto ◽

Ângela Toshie Araki ◽

Lena Katekawa Adachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Microscope ◽

Dental Alloys ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Alloy Type ◽

Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post And Core ◽

To Receive ◽

Apical Leakage ◽

Cervical Area

There are situations in which intraradicular retainers have to be removed and replaced. The objective of this research was to evaluate the apical seal after the removal of a custom cast post and core with a carbide bur or with an ultrasound apparatus. Twenty five roots of extracted human incisors were used. They were endodontically treated and prepared to receive the posts. The posts and cores were cast with 2 types of dental alloys, CuAlZn and PdAg, and were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. After 24 hours, they were removed using the two above mentioned techniques. Then, the roots had their external surface made impermeable by two layers of cyanoacrylate adhesive, leaving only the cervical area for dye penetration. The teeth were immersed in rhodamine for 24 hours. They were then cut and observed under an optical microscope and analyzed with appropriate software (Imagelab). The results were submitted to ANOVA, and they evidenced that, regarding the alloy factor, PdAg posts presented a larger mean infiltration value (2.23 ± 0.48 mm) as compared to the posts made of CuAlZn (1.39 ± 0.48 mm) (p = 0.025). Regarding the technique factor, there was no significant difference (p = 0.9) between the removal of the intraradicular retainer using ultrasound (1.99 ± 0.62 mm) or using a rotating cutting instrument (1.62 ± 0.62 mm). Under these experimental conditions, it was possible to conclude that the degree of apical leakage was directly related to the alloy type, and it was present in both techniques used.

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Self-etching primer: the effect of contamination with a mixture of saliva and blood on bonding metallic brackets

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v1e22013175-183 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Bernardo Urbanetto Peres ◽

Felipe Weidenbach Degrazzia ◽

Renésio Armindo Ghers ◽

Fabíola Rossato Arrais ◽

Vilmar Antonio Ferrazzo

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Color Change ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Student Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets bonded with Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (TPSEP) and Transbond Plus Color Change (TPCC) under contamination with a mixture of saliva and blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 human premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=21). Group 1 (G1) were bonded under no contamination, and Group 2 (G2) was contaminated with saliva/blood before bonding. Both groups were bonded according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were cleaned with pumice before bonding. The shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed after 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C and after thermocycling. RESULTS: Both groups showed a homogeneous distribution in the Levene’s test (p>0.05). The main shear bond strength value of G1 was 8.89 MPa with a standard deviation of 2.27; the value for G2 was 6.00 MPa with a standard deviation of 2.62 MPa. There was a significant difference between G1 and G2 (t-student test p<0.05). IRA scores indicated that the main value was IRA 0, and no significant difference (α=0.05) was found between the groups. CONCLUSION: Contamination of blood mixed with saliva significantly decreases the shear bond strength, but even so, the performance is clinically acceptable.

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Non-structural carbohydrate metabolism and postharvest conservation of gerbera flowers

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v23i3.1079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Ana Maria Oliveira Souza Alves ◽

Jaianne Francielle Oliveira Santos Pimentel ◽

Gustavo Ferreira Da Silva ◽

Nilbe Carla Mapeli ◽

Ana Maria Mapeli

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Floral Development ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Mass Variation ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Structural Carbohydrate ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

E6 And E7 ◽

Preservative Solutions

The species Gerbera jamesonii Adlam has great economic importance in the ornamental sector, due to exuberance of floral stems. However, florists face some challenges such as postharvest handling and difficulty of conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the non-structural carbohydrate content in different floral stages of G. jamesonii var. Dawn and evaluate the effect of preservative solutions during the postharvest storage of this species. For this purpose, it was quantified TSS, RS and NRS from the seven stages of gerbera stems ontogeny (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and E7). The preservative solutions used were: T1) distilled water; T2) citric acid (100 mg L-1); T3) glucose (20 g L-1); T4) gibberellic acid (GA3 , 5 mg L-1); T5) calcium chloride (CaCl2 , 20g L-1) and T6) Sodium Thiosulphate (STS, 20 mM). The effect of preservative solutions were assessed daily, considering the longevity of flowers, variation in the absorption of preservative solution, pH of the solution and fresh mass variation. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. There was a difference in carbohydrate metabolism during floral opening and senescence. In the orange bracts there was a lower TSS content, while in the inflorescences it was observed a reduction in the yellowish, greenish-green and greenish stages. The content of RS increased in the bracts, whereas in the inflorescence there was no difference. The NRS content was higher in the orange bracts, showing lower rates in the inflorescences in yellowish and yellowish greenish stages. The preservative solutions had an impact, on the floral stem longevity, varying according to the solutions used, i.e. CaCl2 and STS reduced the durability of gerbera flower in 9.25 and 11.5 days, respectively, compared to stems kept in distilled water. The glucose solution did not promote a significant difference compared to water. Therefore, we conclude that there is variation in the metabolism of non-structural carbohydrates during the floral development of G. jamesonii var. Dawn and the tested solutions were not effective in promoting postharvest conservation of gerbera.

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Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Emulsi Kedelai dan Emulsi Tempe Terhadap Hitung Limfosit Total pada Tikus Putih yang Telah Diberi Prednison

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v5i1.2011.56-62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rizka Bekti Nurcahyani ◽

Imelda T Pardede ◽

Huriatul Masdar

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Adequate Nutrition ◽

White Rats ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Adequate nutrition is one of important factors in immunodeficiency repairment. Soybean and tempeh contains proteins,zinc, ferrum, vitamins and isoflavon. Fermentation in tempeh makes it having better nutrients digestion and absorptionthan soybean. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of soy and tempeh emulsions on total lymphocytecount in rats treated with prednisone. The test was done on 24 male white rats divided into four groups. Group A wasgiven distilled water and group B, C and D had prednisone 2.5 mg/day for 6 days. After that, group A and B werecontinued having distilled water while groups C or D was fed with soy or tempeh emulsion 0.71 mL/day for 10 days,respectively. The results shown that soy and tempeh emulsion could increase total lymphocyte count significantly (p <0,05) but there was no significant difference of total lymphocyte count between soy and tempeh emulsion groups (p >0,05).

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