scholarly journals Glycerine Treated Nanofibrillated Cellulose Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Erbas Kiziltas ◽  
Alper Kiziltas ◽  
Behzad Nazari ◽  
Douglas J. Gardner ◽  
Douglas W. Bousfield
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Strong Shear ◽  
Styrene Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Glycerine treated nanofibrillated cellulose (GNFC) was prepared by mixing aqueous nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspensions with glycerine. Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer composites with different loadings of GNFC were prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. The incorporation of GNFC increased tensile and flexural modulus of elasticity of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that as GNFC loading increased, the thermal stability of the composites decreased marginally. The incorporation of GNFC into the SMA copolymer matrix resulted in higher elastic modulus (G′) and shear viscosities than the neat SMA copolymer, especially at low frequencies. The orientation of rigid GNFC particles in the composites induced a strong shear thinning behavior with an increase in GNFC loading. The decrease in the slope of elastic modulus with increasing GNFC loading suggested that the microstructural changes of the polymer matrix can be attributed to the incorporation of GNFC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of fracture surfaces show areas of GNFC agglomerates in the SMA matrix.

scholarly journals Dual UV-Thermal Curing of Biobased Resorcinol Epoxy Resin-Diatomite Composites with Improved Acoustic Performance and Attractive Flame Retardancy Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-48
Author(s):  
Quoc-Bao Nguyen ◽  
Henri Vahabi ◽  
Agustín Rios de Anda ◽  
Davy-Louis Versace ◽  
Valérie Langlois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Compacting Pressure

This study has developed novel fully bio-based resorcinol epoxy resin–diatomite composites by a green two-stage process based on the living character of the cationic polymerization. This process comprises the photoinitiation and subsequently the thermal dark curing, enabling the obtaining of thick and non-transparent epoxy-diatomite composites without any solvent and amine-based hardeners. The effects of the diatomite content and the compacting pressure on microstructural, thermal, mechanical, acoustic properties, as well as the flame behavior of such composites have been thoroughly investigated. Towards the development of sound absorbing and flame-retardant construction materials, a compromise among mechanical, acoustic and flame-retardant properties was considered. Consequently, the composite obtained with 50 wt.% diatomite and 3.9 MPa compacting pressure is considered the optimal composite in the present work. Such composite exhibits the enhanced flexural modulus of 2.9 MPa, a satisfying sound absorption performance at low frequencies with Modified Sound Absorption Average (MSAA) of 0.08 (for a sample thickness of only 5 mm), and an outstanding flame retardancy behavior with the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of 109 W/g and the total heat release of 5 kJ/g in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Comprising Fly Ash and Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue as Aluminosilicate Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Sinh Hoang Le ◽  
Thuy Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sem Images

The use of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-products as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer binders has attracted significant interest from researchers in recent years owing to their high alumina and silica contents. Introduced in this study is the use of geopolymer concrete comprising FCC residue combined with fly ash as the requisite source of aluminosilicate. Fly ash was replaced with various FCC residue contents ranging from 0–100% by mass of binder. Results from standard testing methods showed that geopolymer concrete rheological properties such as yield stress and plastic viscosity as well as mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were affected significantly by the FCC residue content. With alkali liquid to geopolymer solid ratios (AL:GS) of 0.4 and 0.5, a reduction in compressive and flexural strength was observed in the case of geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content. On the contrary, geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content exhibited improved strength with an AL:GS ratio of 0.65. Relationships enabling estimation of geopolymer elastic modulus based on compressive strength were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the final product from the geopolymerization process consisting of FCC residue was similar to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. These observations highlight the potential of FCC residue as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymer products.

scholarly journals Use of Electrosprayed Agave Fructans as Nanoencapsulating Hydrocolloids for Bioactives

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ramos-Hernández ◽  
Juan Ragazzo-Sánchez ◽  
Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo ◽  
Rosa Ortiz-Basurto ◽  
Cristina Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Β Carotene

High degree of polymerization Agave fructans (HDPAF) are presented as a novel encapsulating material. Electrospraying coating (EC) was selected as the encapsulation technique and β-carotene as the model bioactive compound. For direct electrospraying, two encapsulation methodologies (solution and emulsion) were proposed to find the formulation which provided a suitable particle morphology and an adequate concentration of β-carotene encapsulated in the particles to provide a protective effect of β-carotene by the nanocapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed spherical particles with sizes ranging from 440 nm to 880 nm depending on the concentration of HDPAF and processing parameters. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction and encapsulation of β-carotene with HDPAF. The thermal stability of β-carotene encapsulated in HDPAF was evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The study showed that β-carotene encapsulated in HDPAF by the EC method remained stable for up to 50 h of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Therefore, HDPAF is a viable option to formulate nanocapsules as a new encapsulating material. In addition, EC allowed for increases in the ratio of β-carotene:polymer, as well as its photostability.

scholarly journals Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Bianka Nagy ◽  
Norbert Miskolczi ◽  
Zoltán Eller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.

Symmetric Electrodes for Solid Fuel Cells Based on Sr-Doped LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ

2017 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Omar Ben Mya ◽  
Mahmoud Omari ◽  
Lucia dos Santos-Gomez ◽  
David Marerro-Lopezd
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
X Ray

Perovskite La1-xSrxFe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ with x = 0.0, 0.1 &0.2 denoted LSFNx has been investigated as potential symmetrical electrode in solid fuel cells (SOFCs). The crystal structure is in pure orthorhombic phase for x = 0.0, orthorhombic-cubic phase coexist for x = 0.1 and pure cubic phase for x = 0.2. Structural properties are studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), refined by Rietveld analysis. SEM images show the morphology of as prepared and calcined samples either the compatibility between those electrodes and LSGM electrolyte in presence of 50% wt of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ, so that, lower chemical reactivity was found. Total conductivity, impedance in high, medium and low frequencies HF, MF and LF respectively, and resistance polarization (Rp) are determined in air. LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ has a good response in all ranges of frequencies but La0.9Sr0.1Fe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ have response only in HF and MF and exhibit Rp values as low as LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3-δ .

The Mechanical Properties of Combustion-Sprayed Polymers and Blends

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Brogan ◽  
C.C. Berndt ◽  
A. Claudon ◽  
C. Coddet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Spray Processing ◽  
Break Water

Abstract The mechanical properties of EMAA copolymer are dependent upon the thermal spray processing parameters. The parameters determine coating temperatures which, in turn, affects the microstructure. If the deposition temperature is too low, (104 °C for PFl 13 and 160 °C for PFl 11) coatings have low strengths and low energy to break values. Increased coating temperatures allow the particles to fully coalesce resulting in maximized strength and elongation to break. However, at 271 °C, PFl 11 had visible porosity which decreased both strength and elastic modulus. Pigment acts as reinforcement in the sense that the modulus increased but the elongation to break decreased, thus reducing the energy to break. Water quenching reduces the elastic modulus and yield strength, but increases the elongation to break for both EMAA formulations. The mechanical properties of post consumer commingled plastic and PCCP / EMMA blends improved if the recycled plastic was pre-processed by melt-compounding. Melt compounding increased the strength and toughness by improving the compatibility among the various polymer constituents. The addition of PCCP increases the modulus and yield strength of ethylene methaciylic acid copolymer.

NATURAL RUBBER/MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE COMPOSITES WITH EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AS COMPATIBILIZER

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumarjyoti Roy ◽  
Subhas Chandra Debnath ◽  
Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Solvent Uptake ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Rubber Filler

ABSTRACT An exploration of the effect of epoxidized NR with 50 mole% epoxide groups (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on the rubber–filler interaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-filled NR composites was conducted. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR-50 was systematically examined in terms of cure and mechanical and thermal properties of NR/MCC composites. ENR-50 compatibilized NR/MCC composites showed moderate enhancement in the maximum rheometric torque and tensile properties compared to either uncompatibilized NR/MCC composite or unfilled NR system. The solvent uptake measurements indicated improved interfacial interaction between NR matrix and MCC in presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. A thermogravimetric analysis confirmed excellent improvement in the thermal stability of NR/MCC composite in the presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explain the probable mechanism of interaction between NR matrix and MCC in the presence of ENR-50.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injection-Molded Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Parts for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ivorra-Martinez ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
José A. Covas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] was reinforced with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) to produce novel nanocomposites for potential uses in bone reconstruction. Contents of nHA in the 2.5–20 wt % range were incorporated into P(3HB-co-3HHx) by melt compounding and the resulting pellets were shaped into parts by injection molding. The addition of nHA improved the mechanical strength and the thermomechanical resistance of the microbial copolyester parts. In particular, the addition of 20 wt % of nHA increased the tensile (Et) and flexural (Ef) moduli by approximately 64% and 61%, respectively. At the highest contents, however, the nanoparticles tended to agglomerate, and the ductility, toughness, and thermal stability of the parts also declined. The P(3HB-co-3HHx) parts filled with nHA contents of up to 10 wt % matched more closely the mechanical properties of the native bone in terms of strength and ductility when compared with metal alloys and other biopolymers used in bone tissue engineering. This fact, in combination with their biocompatibility, enables the development of nanocomposite parts to be applied as low-stress implantable devices that can promote bone reconstruction and be reabsorbed into the human body.

scholarly journals Comparing the elasticity of the melt and electrical conductivity of the solid of PP-HDPE copolymer CNT composites obtained by direct compounding versus dilution of a PP masterbatch

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096983
Author(s):  
Erika Palacios-Aguilar ◽  
Jaime Bonilla-Rios ◽  
Jose Antonio Sanchez-Fernandez ◽  
Adriana Vargas-Martinez ◽  
Jorge de J Lozoya-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Elongational Viscosity ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Blown Film ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Composites of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) at 1, 2, and 3 wt.% on a polypropylene–polyethylene random copolymer matrix were prepared by melt compounding CNT powder and by dilution of a commercial polypropylene masterbatch (PMB). While the shear viscosity shows similar behavior for both dilution modes, the differences in their elastic properties clearly show the effect of the addition method and the presence of the PMB. This also indicates the relevance of having a difficult to mix masterbatch to enhance the elongational viscosity of the composites for free wall applications such as fiber spinning and blown film. On the other hand, the 2 and 3 wt.% CNT composites from both addition modes have similar electrical conductive behavior, with values near the semiconductors’ range. TEM and SEM images show different states of dispersion for each source of CNT. The immiscibility observed in those images is the simplest explanation for the differences in the molten composites’ elastic properties due to direct CNT addition versus CNT addition by dilution of a PMB.

Properties of HDPE/Clay/Wood Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wu ◽  
Y. Lei ◽  
F. Yao ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
K. Lian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Organic Clay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and injection molding. The influence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites were investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with a maleated polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Adding 2% clay to a HDPE/pine composite without MAPE decreased the crystallization temperature (Tc) and rate, and the crystallinity level. When 2% MAPE was added, the Tc and crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was lowered. The flexural strength and the tensile strength of HDPE/pine composites increased 19.6% and 24.2% respectively with addition of 1% clay but then decreased slightly as the clay content was increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were increased 11.8% and 13% respectively with addition of 1% clay but the storage and loss moduli barely change as the clay content was increased to 3%. The impact strength was lowered 7.5% by adding 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but did not improve the thermal stability.

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