Epidemiology of Imported Malaria in Netrokona District of Bangladesh 2013-2018: Analysis of Surveillance Data

Introduction. Netrokona is one of the first phase malaria elimination targeted 8 districts of Bangladesh by 2021. The district constitutes only 7% of the population but contributes half of the malaria cases in that area. Most of the cases of that district are imported from Meghalaya State of India. The study was conducted to understand the epidemiology of these imported malaria cases for further strategy development to prevent both imported and introduced cases. Methodology. The study was retrospectively conducted on the malaria cases confirmed by microscopy and/or RDT by the government and/or NGO service providers between 2013 and 2018. The information of the cases was collected from the verbal “investigation” report of individual malaria confirmed cases. The respondents of the “investigation” were either the patients or their family members. Out of the 713 cases during the study period, descriptive analysis of 626 cases (based on the completeness of “investigation form”) of the district was done using MS Excel version 2016. Results. Proportion of imported malaria in Netrokona district increased from 60% in 2013 to 95% in 2018 which persists throughout the year with a little seasonal fluctuation. The overall contribution of these imported cases is 93% by cross-border workers by population type and 84%, 66%, and 95% by male, labour, and tribal population considering the factors of sex, occupation, and ethnicity, respectively. Population aged between 15 and 49 years contributed 82% of these imported cases. All of these cases occurred in the internationally bordering belt with Meghalaya State of India. Species-wise distribution revealed lower P. falciparum (63%) and higher mixed (28%) infection in imported cases compared to the 71% Pf and 20% mixed infection among the indigenous infections whereas P. vivax is similar in both cases. Conclusion. Imported malaria is an emerging issue that has a potential risk of increased local transmission which might be a challenge to malaria elimination in that area. Appropriate interventions targeting the cross-border workers are essential to prevent the introduced cases and subsequently avoid reestablishment when elimination of the disease is achieved.

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Cross-Border Malaria Drivers and Risk Factors on the Brazil-Venezuela Border Between 2016 and 2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1150093/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kinley Wangdi ◽

Erica Wetzler ◽

Paola Marchesini ◽

Leopoldo Villegas ◽

Sara Canavati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Malaria Elimination ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Imported Malaria ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Cross Border ◽

Imported Case ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Imported Cases

Abstract Background Globally, cross-border importation of malaria has become a challenge to malaria elimination. The border areas between Brazil and Venezuela have experienced high numbers of imported cases due to increased population movement and migration out of Venezuela. This study aimed to identify risk factors for imported malaria and delineate imported malaria hotspots in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela between 2016 and 2018.MethodsData on malaria surveillance cases from Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela from 2016 to 2018 were obtained from national surveillance systems: the Brazilian Malaria Epidemiology Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Malaria), the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and other non-government organizations. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for imported malaria. Spatial autocorrelation in malaria incidence was explored using Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 11,270 (24.3%) and 4,072 (0.7%) imported malaria cases in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression for Roraima, men were 28% less likely to be an imported case compared to women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]= 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.665, 0.781). Ages 20-29 and 30-39 were 90% (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.649, 2.181) and 54% (AOR=1.54; 95% CI 1.331, 1.782) more likely to be an imported case compared to the 0-9 year age group, respectively. Imported cases were 197 times (AOR=197.03; 95% CI 175.094, 221.712) more likely to occur in miners than those working in agriculture and domestic work. In Bolivar, cases aged 10-19 (AOR=1.75; 95% CI 1.389, 2.192), 20-29 (AOR=2.48; 95% CI 1.957, 3.144), and 30-39 (AOR=2.29; 95% CI 1.803, 2.913) were at higher risk of being an imported case than those in the 0-9 year old group, with older age groups having a slightly higher risk compared to Roraima. Compared to agriculture and domestic workers, tourism, timber and fishing workers (AOR=6.38; 95% CI 4.393, 9.254) and miners (AOR=7.03; 95% CI 4.903, 10.092) were between six and seven times more likely to be an imported case. Spatial analysis showed the risk was higher along the international border in the municipalities of Roraima, Brazil.ConclusionTo achieve malaria elimination, cross-border populations in the hotspot municipalities will need targeted intervention strategies tailored to occupation, age and mobility status. Furthermore, all stakeholders, including implementers, policymakers, and donors, should support and explore the introduction of novel approaches to address these hard-to-reach populations with the most cost-effective interventions.

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KAJIAN KENYAMANAN DAN KEAMANAN WISATAWAN DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA KUTA LOMBOK

Jurnal Master Pariwisata (JUMPA) ◽

10.24843/jumpa.2014.v01.i01.p02 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wahyu Khalik

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

Service Providers ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Coast Guard ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Hygiene Factors ◽

Parking Management ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Government ◽

Tourism Potential

Comfort and security are vital factors in tourism destination of Kuta Lombok with great tourism potential. However, this potential will not be desirable if the conditions are not created by comfort and security. This proves that there are factors that affect the comfort, community understanding of tourism awareness, and community participation in comfort and security of tourists. The study was conducted aimed to determine the factors that affect comfort and safety, the level of community understanding of tourism awareness, and community participation in the comfort and security of tourists in Kuta Lombok tourism.This study examines the comfort and safety of tourists in tourism of Kuta Lombok are included in the descriptive study. Therefore, the research conducted through a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection through observation, interview and documentation. Decision is determined by the method of purposive, with 15 informants. The theory applied is the theory of structural functionalism which analyzed the factors and community participation, and motivation theory is applied to analyze the level of community understanding about tourism awareness.The analysis results of research conducted by qualitative descriptive analysis presents the results of research through a narrative supported by photographs. The results of this study suggests that the comfort and safety factor is influenced by the low level of community understanding in the elements of tourism awareness through Sapta Pesona. The low raises community understanding of factors that affect comfort and safety as a factor of environmental aspects of parking management and environmental hygiene, factors of economic activity and the hawkers aspects trasnportation service providers as well as factors in the aspect of tourism access roads were damaged. Community participation in the comfort and security of tourists is not functioning optimally. This is caused by unsynchronization between organizations. Forms of community participation in the form of the participation into the organization and the coast guard and empowerment of communities in the festival. Based on those results of the three studies, the government of Central Lombok is expected especially for Culture and Tourism Department particular attention to the factors that affect comfort and safety, and the formation of tourism awareness with benchmarks Sapta Pesona.

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E-PAYMENT: INOVASI LAYANAN PENGHIMPUNAN DAN REDISTRIBUSI WAKAF UANG BERBASIS ONLINE DALAM PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

JURNAL AL-QARDH ◽

10.23971/jaq.v2i1.824 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 26-41

Author(s):

Izra Berakon ◽

Agus Muhammad Irsad

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Bank Account ◽

Internet Service ◽

Electronic Application ◽

Digital Era ◽

Internet Users ◽

Effective System ◽

The Government ◽

Management Institutions

Indonesia as a majorMuslim population country, has a large potential of cash waqf. Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) predicted the potential of cash waqf in Indonesia is Rp 20 trillion, but had not followed by the effective collection method, so that potential has not been able to develop optimally. On the other hand, technology grown rapidly, followed by the numberof internet users in Indonesia. Based on the data of the Association of Internet Service Providers Indonesia (APJII) shows that internet users in Indonesia by aged 20 years and plus, reached 119.2 million inhabitants. It allows the integration of the effective system of collectingwaqf property. One of the effective collecting efforts done by the government is to establish a waqfbank which role as nadzir beside a liason between wakif with the waqf management institutions. The main duty ofwaqf management institution here is as nadzir who will manage cash waqfproductively and fostering the communityso as toempower the economy. However, the current establishment of waqf bank is still in the process of finalization, so there is no core principle in collecting waqf. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to offer an electronic application of collecting and redistributing cash waqf by the internet networking and the development of the digital era. It concept called e-payment.It choosen an e-payment as the concept, which wakif must fill the balance of waqf bank account from commercial bank accounts owned by wakif. Then wakif choose waqfallocation with options that have been provided by waqfbank.The research method usedis descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis. The final implication by the innovation of the e-payment application is that the existing ease of waqfcollection is expected to be effective and reach many people and able to increase the economy of Indonesian society.

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Review And Assessment Of Malaria Epidemic Situation And Re-Transmission Risk In A Central City Of China, 1950-2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49989/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-ting ZHA ◽

Guoqun LI ◽

Ruihua FENG ◽

Yu LIAO ◽

Nan ZHOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Control ◽

Malaria Elimination ◽

Imported Malaria ◽

Central China ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Local Case ◽

Imported Cases ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: With characteristics of fast transmission and widespread, malaria was the most deadly parasite disease. In China, 13 ministries and commissions jointly issued the Action Plan For Malaria Eradication, which was aimed to reach malaria elimination by 2020. Scientific analysis of the epidemic situation and assessment of re-transmission risk of malaria in Changsha, an important city of central China, are of certain reference value for China to pass the World Health Organization malaria control assessment in 2020.Method: The epidemic situation and control process of malaria in Changsha from 1950 to 2019 have been illustrated, and an adjusted assessment method was used to analyze the transmission risk index (MRI) of imported malaria in different districts of Changsha in recent years. All data were from Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Results: (1) From 1950 to 2019, there were 282,394 incidences and 39 deaths of malaria in Changsha, the incidence rate has been controlled below 10/1,000,000 after 1990; The fatality rate of malaria in Changsha has always been at a low level, but it reached 10.28/1000 after 2010; (2) Before the year 1978, tertian was the major type of malaria in Changsha, which accounted for 92.71%, but the proportion of pernicious malaria gradually increased after 2000, which accounted for 69.3% since 2010. (3) From 1950 to 2009, the percentage of imported malaria cases in Changsha was only 2.93%; In April 2010, the last local case of malaria was reported in Liuyang, Changsha; After 2011, all cases of malaria in Changsha were imported cases, which were mainly from Africa and Southeast Asia. (4) The re-transmission risk of imported malaria in Changsha from high to low were Liuyang City, Yuelu District, Tianxin District, Yuhua District, Ningxiang County, Furong district, Wangcheng District, Changsha County and Kaifu District. Conclusion: After 70 years, implemented three stages of prevention and control measures, Changsha has achieved the goal of malaria elimination. However, with the imported cases increased, the risk of re-transmission of malaria in Changsha still exists, especially in Liuyang and Yuelu district. Malaria control and prevention should still be taken seriously as an important preventive work in case of the secondary spread.

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Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen atas Malpraktik Jasa Tukang Gigi

Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum ◽

10.22225/jkh.2.2.3218.265-270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 265-270

Author(s):

I Made Ari Yudistira ◽

I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽

I Made Minggu Widyantara

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Social Disparities ◽

Legal Research ◽

Materials Analysis ◽

Criminal Sanctions ◽

Health Service Providers ◽

Legal Sanctions ◽

The Government

Number of dental artisans who practice beyond their authority limits. Even so, there are still many who go to dental artisans due to social disparities. There are many cases of violations that cause material and non-material losses to consumers, but health service providers are not responsible. This thesis discusses how to protect consumers and sanctions against perpetrators in the event of malpractice of dental artisans. The purpose of this study was to determine the protection for consumers in the event of malpractice of dental artisans and to know the sanctions against perpetrators of malpractice in dental artisan services that harm consumers. The type of research used is the type of normative legal research, the discussion is carried 0111 by examining legal materials. Analysis of legal materials uses extensive and restrictive interpretations, namely expanding and narrowing the meaning of a law, in addition to using descriptive analysis, namely the exposure of research results. Based on the results of the research, the legal regulation of consumer protection against malpractice of dental artisans which is regulated in the UUP K, the rights of every consumer in Article 4. Dental artisans as business actors have the obligation to comply with laws in this case regarding duties and authorities. Meanwhile, legal sanctions for perpetrators can be divided into 3, namely administrative, civil and criminal sanctions. Therefore, the government needs to carry out regular monitoring of cases like this in the direct field

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Analisis Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Konstruksi Menurut Perpres 70/2012 Terhadap Perpres 4/2015

Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil ◽

10.35334/be.v4i1.1093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-68

Author(s):

Okma Yendri ◽

Desi Qomariah

Keyword(s):

Data Processing ◽

Service Providers ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Service Users ◽

Construction Sector ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Presidential Decree ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government

The construction sector has an important role in economic growth. To realize a condition that all necessary infrastructure that can guarantee an increase in economic activity. Procurement will be infrastructure and infrastructure by the government, using the budget of revenues and expenditures (APBN / APBD). To oversee the use of the budget, must arrange the procurement rules which the regulation amended by Presidential Decree 70/2012 and 4/2015. The tender process is expected to use the electronic media (e-procurement) to be more transparent, accountable, effective and efficient, in line with efforts to eradicate corruption, collusion and nepotism. The research method uses descriptive research. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with data taken from LPSE Musi Rawas and questionnaires to respondents as service providers, service users, and the auction committee. A descriptive analysis of data processing and data processing using a Likert scale questionnaire on the subject of the study variables The results of a comparative analysis of the construction tender based on Presidential Decree 4/2015 is the same as the Presidential Decree 70/2012. It's just that there is a difference in the duration of time the activity evaluation of the Proposal, namely the regulation 70/2012 is 4 days while on the regulation 4/2015 is 11 days. The duration of time on activities Sanggah Auction Results period is 4 days while the Presidential regulation 70/2012 4/2015 is 6 days.

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Strategi Pengembangan Kelompok Wanita Tani pada Optimalisasi Lahan Pekarangan di Desa Wonogiri

EFFICIENT Indonesian Journal of Development Economics ◽

10.15294/efficient.v1i1.27217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Nindy Danisa Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Development Strategies ◽

Women Farmers ◽

Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽

Self Reliance ◽

The Government ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

The One ◽

Purposive Sample

Development of food security implemented to meet the human basic needs that provide benefits fairly and equitably based on self – reliance, and not contrary to public faith. Referring to the government regulation No 22 of 2009 concerning Food Consumption Diversification Acceleration (P2KP). However, it is not supported by the development of women farmers. The method use in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Treath). The samples in this study is the purposive sample. Result of a study showed the amount of income earned from the group of women farmers in the one month is 150,000/ members. Proper development strategies used in the development strategies used in the development KWT Melati is a Growth Oriented Strategy is very profitable strategy to seize opportunities with the strength. Pembangunan ketahan pangan dilaksanakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar manusia yang memberikan manfaat secara adil dan merata berdasarkan kemandirian, dan tidak bertentangan dengan keyakinan masyarakat. Mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No 22 Tahun 2009 mengenai Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan (P2KP). Namun, hal ini tidak didukung dengan adanya pengembangan kelompok wanita tani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Treath). Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan sampel purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan besaran pendapatan yang diperoleh dari adanya kelompok wanita tani dalam satu bulan adalah Rp.150.000/bulan/anggota. Strategi pengembangan yang tepat digunakan dalam pengembangan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Melati adalah Growth Oriented Strategy.

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Agro-Innovation – Path to Agricultural Entrepreneurship: Feasibility Study

ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ◽

10.24191/abrij.v5i1.9978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Elias Kamaruzzaman ◽

Norzaidi Mohd Daud ◽

Samsudin Wahab ◽

Rozhan Abu Dardak

Keyword(s):

Migrant Workers ◽

Production Cost ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Service Providers ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Financial Cost ◽

Technology Changes ◽

Property Owners ◽

The Government ◽

Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Technology changes will always be for the better, not only to the end users but also to the intellectual property owners of the technology and the implementers of the technology. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility and viability for entrepreneurs to become service providers for the dispensation of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and supporting services such as aerial crop reconnaissance using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones. The methodology used for this study is SWOT Analysis. Both primary and secondary data is used for this analysis. This study finds that paddy farming employing drones is feasible. The beneficiaries of this study shall be the government, by way of lowering financial cost to subsidise the paddy planting, the farmers who no longer need the services of migrant workers, thus saving production cost, and finally the drone service providers and their downstream business associates who can engaged themselves in very lucrative businesses.

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The Zoning System for Strategy Development of SMEs Go Online: A Literature Review

10.31227/osf.io/wu38p ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sumitro Sarkum

Keyword(s):

Development Strategy ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Future Research ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Government ◽

Market Needs ◽

Marketing Information ◽

Relationship Of

This study aims to figure out what the relationship of empowerment of SMEs through methods of zoning as marketing strategy of SMEs in two different markets (offline and online). The zoning strategy with information and communication system integrated brings together socialization and promotion in a market. This system can help the government in taking and formulating policies to unite SMEs in a new market by not leaving the old market. The method in this study uses qualitative descriptive. There are three propositions produced in this initial research, the first; Offline and online marketing is very relevant for SMEs in Indonesia. Second; marketing information system is access for SMEs to find out the demand or market needs both domestically and internationally. And third; The zoning system can be used as an online development strategy for SMEs to synchronize two different markets, namely offline and online. Further research is needed to validate the propositions found, to generate hypotheses and empirical evidence, we recommend using mix methods for future research.

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Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria cases in North-Western Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03504-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maureen N. Chipoya ◽

Nzooma M. Shimaponda-Mataa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Imported Malaria ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Province ◽

Imported Cases ◽

North Western

Abstract Background Imported malaria is a major challenge for countries that are in malaria elimination stage such as Zambia. Legitimate cross-border activities add to the risk of transmission, necessitating determination of prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 consented child and adult patients with clinical malaria symptoms, from selected health facilities in north-western Zambia. Patient demographic data and blood samples for malaria microscopy and full blood count were obtained. Chi-square and penalized logistic regression were performed to describe the characteristics and assess the risk factors of imported and local malaria in North-Western Province. Results Overall, malaria prevalence was 78.6% with 93.8% Plasmodium falciparum and 6.2% other species. The local cases were 72 (88.9%) while the imported were 9 (11.1%) out of the 81 positive participants. About 98.6% of the local cases were P. falciparum compared to 55.6% (χ2 = 52.4; p < 0.01) P. falciparum among the imported cases. Among the imported cases, 44% were species other than P. falciparum (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01) while among the local cases only 1.4% were. Gametocytes were present in 44% of the imported malaria cases and only in 2.8% of the local cases (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01). About 48.6% of local participants had severe anaemia compared to 33.3% of participants from the two neighbouring countries who had (χ2 = 4.9; p = 0.03). In the final model, only country of residence related positively to presence of species other than P. falciparum (OR = 39.0, CI [5.9, 445.9]; p < 0.01) and presence of gametocytes (OR = 23.1, CI [4.2, 161.6]; p < 0.01). Conclusion Malaria prevalence in North-Western Province is high, with P. falciparum as the predominant species although importation of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is happening as well. Country of residence of patients is a major risk factor for malaria species and gametocyte presence. The need for enhanced malaria control with specific focus on border controls to detect and treat, for specific diagnosis and treatment according to species obtaining, for further research in the role of species and gametocytaemia in imported malaria, cannot be overemphasized.

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