Developing a Framework for Spatial Effects of Smart Cities Based on Spatial Econometrics

The rapid urbanization in China has already put heavy pressures on imperfect infrastructure, especially for fundamental urban functions such as power and water supply, traffic, education, and healthcare. The emergence of smart cities can help cope with the rapidly expanding demands on urban infrastructure. However, the development of smart cities in China is just in its infancy, and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development path of smart cities. This article focuses on the development of smart cities in China. It aims to (a) judge whether there is spatial autoregression in the construction of smart cities in 83 Chinese cities and (b) identify key influencing factors in the development of smart cities in China through a spatial econometric model developed by GeoDa software. The results show that there exists spatial autoregression in the development of smart cities in China. Four key influencing factors (governmental support, innovative level, economic development, and human capital) are identified. Based on these findings, suggestions for future promoting development of smart cities in China are put forward. This research can deepen the understanding of the spatial effects of smart cities and provide valuable decision-making references for policy makers.

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Smart Cities in Turkey: Approaches, Advances and Applications with Greater Consideration for Future Urban Transport Development

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12122308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2308 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Can Bıyık

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Planning Process ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Radical Change ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Future Vision

The smart city transport concept is viewed as a future vision aiming to undertake investigations on the urban planning process and to construct policy-pathways for achieving future targets. Therefore, this paper sets out three visions for the year 2035 which bring about a radical change in the level of green transport systems (often called walking, cycling, and public transport) in Turkish urban areas. A participatory visioning technique was structured according to a three-stage technique: (i) Extensive online comprehensive survey, in which potential transport measures were researched for their relevance in promoting smart transport systems in future Turkish urban areas; (ii) semi-structured interviews, where transport strategy suggestions were developed in the context of the possible imaginary urban areas and their associated contextual description of the imaginary urban areas for each vision; (iii) participatory workshops, where an innovative method was developed to explore various creative future choices and alternatives. Overall, this paper indicates that the content of the future smart transport visions was reasonable, but such visions need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches for tackling them. The findings offer invaluable insights to researchers inquiring about the smart transport field, and policy-makers considering applying those into practice in their local urban areas.

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Real Time Multipurpose Smart Waste Classification Model for Efficient Recycling in Smart Cities Using Multilayer Convolutional Neural Network and Perceptron

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21144916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4916

Author(s):

Ali Usman Gondal ◽

Muhammad Imran Sadiq ◽

Tariq Ali ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Ahmad Shaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Real Time ◽

Multilayer Perceptron ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Classification Model ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Metal Waste ◽

Waste Classification ◽

The City

Urbanization is a big concern for both developed and developing countries in recent years. People shift themselves and their families to urban areas for the sake of better education and a modern lifestyle. Due to rapid urbanization, cities are facing huge challenges, one of which is waste management, as the volume of waste is directly proportional to the people living in the city. The municipalities and the city administrations use the traditional wastage classification techniques which are manual, very slow, inefficient and costly. Therefore, automatic waste classification and management is essential for the cities that are being urbanized for the better recycling of waste. Better recycling of waste gives the opportunity to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by reducing the need to collect new raw material. In this paper, the idea of a real-time smart waste classification model is presented that uses a hybrid approach to classify waste into various classes. Two machine learning models, a multilayer perceptron and multilayer convolutional neural network (ML-CNN), are implemented. The multilayer perceptron is used to provide binary classification, i.e., metal or non-metal waste, and the CNN identifies the class of non-metal waste. A camera is placed in front of the waste conveyor belt, which takes a picture of the waste and classifies it. Upon successful classification, an automatic hand hammer is used to push the waste into the assigned labeled bucket. Experiments were carried out in a real-time environment with image segmentation. The training, testing, and validation accuracy of the purposed model was 0.99% under different training batches with different input features.

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A Review of Software for Spatial Econometrics in R

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9111276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1276

Author(s):

Roger Bivand ◽

Giovanni Millo ◽

Gianfranco Piras

Keyword(s):

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Spatial Econometrics ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Statistical Computing ◽

Spatial Econometric ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Panel Models ◽

Econometric Software ◽

Generalized Moments

The software for spatial econometrics available in the R system for statistical computing is reviewed. The methods are illustrated in a historical perspective, highlighting the main lines of development and employing historically relevant datasets in the examples. Estimators and tests for spatial cross-sectional and panel models based either on maximum likelihood or on generalized moments methods are presented. The paper is concluded reviewing some current active lines of research in spatial econometric software methods.

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Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Industrial Pollution in Jilin Restricted Development Zone: A Spatial Econometric Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4194

Author(s):

Yanhua Guo ◽

Lianjun Tong ◽

Lin Mei

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Green Technology ◽

Econometric Analysis ◽

Ecological Civilization ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Spatial Econometric ◽

Spatial Econometric Analysis

Winning the battle against pollution and strengthening ecological protection in all respects are vital for promoting green development and building a moderately prosperous ecological civilization in China. Using the entropy weight method, this paper establishes and evaluates a comprehensive industrial pollution index that contains and synthesizes six major industrial pollutants (wastewater, COD, waste gas, SO2, NOx, and solid waste) in the 2006–2015 period. Subsequently, this paper studies the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of industrial pollution via the Moran index and spatial econometric analysis. The empirical results indicate that (1) the temporal evolution of the industrial pollution index is characterized by an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (2) The industrial pollution index of each county has certain geographical disparities and significant spatially polarized characteristics in 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015. (3) The Moran test shows that there is a relatively significant spatial autocorrelation of the industrial pollution index among counties and that the geographical distribution of the industrial pollution index tends to show clustering. (4) Spatial regression models that incorporate spatial factors better explain the influencing factors of industrial pollution. The economic development level, technological progress, and industrialization are negatively correlated with industrial pollution, while population density and industrial production capacity are positively correlated. (5) Consequently, as relevant policy recommendations, this paper proposes that environmental cooperation linkage mechanisms, environmental protection credit systems, and green technology innovation systems should be established in different geographical locations to achieve the goals of green county construction and sustainable development.

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Towards Smart Urban Regeneration: Findings of an Urban Footprint Survey in Port Louis, Mauritius

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities1010007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zaheer Allam ◽

A. Dhunny ◽

Gaëtan Siew ◽

David Jones

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Urban Regeneration ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Housing Projects ◽

Young Professionals ◽

The Government ◽

The City ◽

City Centres ◽

Urban Footprint

The Smart City Scheme, as part of the Smart Mauritius initiative, adopted by the Government of Mauritius in 2014, heavily incentivised the emergence of new smart cities in greenfields. The resulting migration of business and residents from existing cities to new cities affected the liveability standard of existing cities and encouraged property speculation. This shift reduced home pricing affordability further from the grasp of young professionals. With the Mauritian Landlord and Tenant Act of 1999 discouraging investment in Mauritian city centres, property developers were additionally encouraged to invest in housing projects in these emerging Smart Cities. As part of the Smart Urban Regeneration strategy of Port Louis that sought to reduce competition between new and existing cities, the provision of housing was seen as paramount to enabling the Smart Cities concept as promoted by the Government. The findings of this paper, which explores the urban footprint of Port Louis through field survey, provides insights, as to the components of the city, that can assist policy-makers and developers to better shape projects that are more responsive to the Smart Urban Regeneration plan.

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Effectiveness Analysis of City Expansion in the Southeast of Changchun City to Economic Development Based on DEA

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1348 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1348-1351

Author(s):

Dan Song ◽

Qi Gang Jiang

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Economic Development ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Evaluation Result ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Decision Making Unit ◽

Changchun City ◽

Dea Method ◽

Urbanization In China

Under the background of rapid urbanization in China, this paper takes the southeast of Changchun city as an example, and uses 2008 to 2012 as decision making unit with DEA. Then it comes to the relevant conclusion of the effectiveness of urban expansion in Changchun city to the economic development:(1) the southeast of Changchun city may still have the space to continue expanding;(2) whether urban expansion in the future still brings more benefits to Changchun economic development or not, which mainly depends on the evaluation result after 2012;(3) DEA method has the feasibility and effectiveness in this respect, and such studies can be assumed to be one of the reference of determining city scale.

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Numerical Analysis of the Characteristics of Gas Explosion Process in Natural Gas Compartment of Utility Tunnel Using FLACS

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12010153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zexu Li ◽

Jiansong Wu ◽

Mingyu Liu ◽

Yuntao Li ◽

Qiuju Ma

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Explosion ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Flame Acceleration ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Natural Gas Pipeline ◽

Urban Safety ◽

Fire And Explosion ◽

Utility Tunnel ◽

Urbanization In China

With the rapid urbanization in China, directly buried municipal pipelines have been gradually replaced by urban utility tunnels due to a serious shortage of urban underground spaces and weak disaster prevention of traditional municipal pipelines. The urban utility tunnels normally contain electricity pipelines, natural gas pipelines, heat pipelines, sewer pipelines, etc. If a natural gas pipeline leaks, a fire and explosion might occur and lead to serious consequences. In this study, the characteristics of gas explosion in a natural gas compartment of urban utility tunnel are investigated based on FLACS (Flame Acceleration Simulator) simulations. The results revealed that the flame profile undergoes two unstable flame stages. When the ignition position is set at the middle area (100.25, 1.2, 1.4 m) of the 200 m-long natural gas compartment, the maximum overpressure of the gas explosion in the 200 m-long natural gas compartment is 25.17 bar, which is the largest maximum overpressure under all gas explosion simulation setups. It is also found that the length of the natural gas compartment and different ignition positions have slight effects on the maximum overpressure. This study could provide technical support for structural strength design and division of the fireproofing area of the natural gas compartment in the utility tunnel, which is of great significance to improve urban safety during sustainable development.

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The Effect of City Conditions on Youth Violence in Mexico A Spatial Econometric Analysis by Metropolitan Area

Global Journal of Human-Social Science ◽

10.34257/gjhssevol21is1pg45 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-60

Author(s):

Gloria L. Mancha-Torres ◽

Jose N. Martinez ◽

Ernesto Aguayo-Téllez

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Youth Violence ◽

Population Survey ◽

Public Policies ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Spatial Effects ◽

Spatial Econometric ◽

Prevention Of Violence ◽

Being Bullied ◽

The Impact

Using Mexico’s Social Cohesion Survey for the Prevention of Violence and Crime (ECOPRED 2014) and the Mexican Intercensal Population Survey (CONTEO 2015) this paper analyses the characteristics and environment factors that influence the violent behavior of young people aged 14 to 24 years within the 47 largest Mexican cities. The existence of spatial correlation between Mexican cities is corroborated and after controlling for it, it is found that factors related to addictions (drug use by young people and their families) and a violent environment around the young (being bullied, robbed, or having violent friends, neighbors, coworkers or classmates) are positively related to the percentage of young people who shout, hit objects, hit people, carry weapons, or have been arrested. Public policies to reduce the use of drugs and to improve the environment where young people live, mainly in their neighborhoods, schools and jobs, will have a direct effect on reducing the violent behavior of young people. And given the confirmed existence of spatial effects, coordinated efforts between nearby cities could multiply the impact of such public policies.

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A New Wearable System for Sensing Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Monitoring Hyper-Microclimate

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020502 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 502

Author(s):

Roberta Jacoby Cureau ◽

Ilaria Pigliautile ◽

Anna Laura Pisello

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Control Unit ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Wearable System ◽

New Device

The rapid urbanization process brings consequences to urban environments, such poor air quality and the urban heat island issues. Due to these effects, environmental monitoring is gaining attention with the aim of identifying local risks and improving cities’ liveability and resilience. However, these environments are very heterogeneous, and high-spatial-resolution data are needed to identify the intra-urban variations of physical parameters. Recently, wearable sensing techniques have been used to perform microscale monitoring, but they usually focus on one environmental physics domain. This paper presents a new wearable system developed to monitor key multidomain parameters related to the air quality, thermal, and visual domains, on a hyperlocal scale from a pedestrian’s perspective. The system consisted of a set of sensors connected to a control unit settled on a backpack and could be connected via Wi-Fi to any portable equipment. The device was prototyped to guarantee the easy sensors maintenance, and a user-friendly dashboard facilitated a real-time monitoring overview. Several tests were conducted to confirm the reliability of the sensors. The new device will allow comprehensive environmental monitoring and multidomain comfort investigations to be carried out, which can support urban planners to face the negative effects of urbanization and to crowd data sourcing in smart cities.

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Issue on Establishment of Forest Products Processing Unit under the concept of Smart Village

Journal of Non Timber Forest Products ◽

10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-unk68o ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

Kaushal Kumar ◽

S. Abbas ◽

M. Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Forest Products ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Village Level ◽

Non Timber Forest Products ◽

Timber Products ◽

Local Farmers

In purview of popularization of ‘Smart Cities’ the concept of ‘Smart Village’ is sincerely under consideration for policy makers, and administrators. In the above context, among several aspects of Smart Village, one of the most important aspect of community development through utilization of forest products based industries with have two broad categories like major forest produce (Timber Products) and minor forest produce (Non-Timber Forest Products). Indeed, the entrepreneurs’ based forest products viz. medicinal and aromatic plants, various fibers, bamboos and canes, wild grass, gums and resins, dyes and tannins, essential oils, etc. have been a part of villagers and forest dwellers life which should be included with planning of Smart Village. The inhabitants of village and rural areas in the vicinity of forests may utilize for value addition through sustainable and scientific collection, processing and preparation of useful economic products for livelihood generation through the establishment of industries at village level. In present communication it is debated and highlighted for perusal of policy makers, administrators and foresters for establishment of processing unit at village level as a facilitation center for local farmers and villagers to save their time and valuing the forest products either timber or NTFPs like medicinal , oil, fibers, gums and resins, dyes and tannin etc.

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