scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION IN BILBERRY SHOOTS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. В. Вронська ◽  
М. Б. Чубка ◽  
А. Є. Демид
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Solvent Systems

<p align="center"><strong>DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION </strong><strong>IN</strong><strong> BILBERRY SHOOTS</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>L. V.  Vronska, M. B. Chubka, A. E.  </strong><strong>Demyd</strong></p><p class="Heading10" align="center">SHEI "Ternopil State Medical University by I. Ya. Horbachevsky of MPH Ukraine"</p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Bilberry shoots have hypoglycemic properties and are used for easy forms of diabetes as in the form of plant raw materials and as part of various charges, such as Arfazetyn and others. Shoots of bilberry are considered as herbal substance that<strong> </strong>contains tannins, although their presence is not associated with mild hypoglycaemic effect. It is known that the bilberry leaves contain tannins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, triterpene acids and vitamins. Standardization of bilberry shoots as herbal substances is still going to be important because it is still little studied and in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine there is no corresponding monograph. Manufacturers of bilberry shoots officinal herbal raw material perform their identification by means of a quality reaction on tannins with ammonium iron (III) sulphate, which is a non-specific method. Moreover, taking into consideration the literature data and a various biological activity hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids it is necessary to study their composition for raw materials growing within theterritory ofUkraine.</p><p>         The objective of our work was investigation of bilberry shoots phenolic compounds with the help of chromatographic methods, development of methodology of their identification, selection of identification markers.</p><p><strong>Investigation methods</strong><strong>.</strong> The qualitative composition of four bilberry shoots samples that were harvested in summer in the following regions: 1 – Transcarpathia, 2 - Ternopil, 3 - Volyn, 4 - Ivano-Frankivsk, and five samples of "Shoots of bilberries" therapeutic agent, produced in PLC "Liktravy", Zhytomyr city was investigated.</p><p>The qualitative composition of phenolic compounds was studied by the methods of thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong><strong>.</strong> Bilberry shoots contain chlorogenic acid mostly from phenolcarboxylic acids, the caffeic acid appears on the chromatograms as a zone with weak fluorescence intensity. In both solvent systems three located next to each other flavonoids zones with an average intensity of fluorescence are shown at the top of the chromatogram; the central of these zones is identified as a quercitrin.</p><p>Isoquercitrin appears on chromatograms of all samples as a zone of very weak fluorescence and hyperoside – with an average fluorescence. Under a zone of chlorogenic acid in the first solvent system and over a zone of chlorogenic acid in the second solvent system, much more hydrophilous, flavonoid glycoside appears as the most intensive fluorescence area. Another flavonoid with a large intensity of fluorescence appears over rutin zone in both solvent systems. Flavonoids aglycones were not found in methanol extractions of bilberry shoots in the described conditions.</p><p> The flavonoids aglycone content studying of nine bilberry shoots samples allowed to identify aglycones: quercetin as a zone of very intense orange fluorescence and kaempferol as a zone of weak yellow-blue fluorescence. In the described  sample processing conditions there are other fluorescent zones on the TLC chromatogram. Thus, the main bilberry shoots aglycone of flavonoids, which grows within theterritoryofUkraineand is industrially stored up, is quercetin.</p><p>The results of TLC about the presence of quercitrin, hyperoside, traces of rutin, as well as chlorogenic and traces of caffeic acid in significant amount in all studied samples of bilberry shoots were confirmed by HPLC analysis. HPLC investigation of bilberry shoots samples after hydrolysis confirms the presence of quercetin as a dominant aglycone and traces of kaempferol.</p><p>The difference between Ukrainian samples analysis results and data of numerous authors is obviously caused by not only differences in sample preparation and sensitivity of the methods used, but also indicates the quality different from bilberry shoots phenolic compounds that grow in different conditions.</p><p>Therefore, TLC identification method of bilberry shoots was developed for medicinal plants growing inUkraine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong></p><ol><li>All bilberry shoots analyzed samples contain the rutin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, quercitrin, that have been identified with the help of TLC and HPLC methods.</li><li>TLC identification method of bilberry shoots was developed and these compounds were proposed as identification markers.</li></ol><ol start="3"><li>Caffeic acid and isoquercitrin are contained in the studied samples of raw materials in small quantities, so they aren't recommended as obligatory identification markers.</li></ol>

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Hibiscus sabdariffa Flowers: Method Development and Validation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rohmah Nur Fathimah ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Miguel Palma
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Development And Validation

Phenolics are bioactive compounds already reported in Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle). The present study reports the development and validation of the analytical microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for the determination of phenolic compounds in roselle flowers to establish their positive contribution to human health. Prior to the optimization, a study for identifying phenolic compounds revealed that chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were presented in Roselle. Three factors affecting MAE, viz. temperature, solvent composition, and sample to solvent ratio, were optimized employing a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in conjunction with response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction recovery was achieved using the extraction temperature of 68 °C, solvent composition of 59% MeOH in water, and 20:1 solvent to sample ratio. The kinetics experiment confirmed full recoveries (92–119%) at 15 min. Subsequently, method validation showed a satisfactory result, including low detection limits from 0.219 mg L−1 (caffeic acid) to 0.374 mg L−1 (chlorogenic acid). Both precisions and accuracy met the acceptances by AOAC. Finally, the method was successfully applied to quantify phenolics in the two most common varieties of Roselle. Chlorogenic acid was found as the main phenolic compound in both varieties

Caffeoyl Quinic and Tartaric Acids and Flavonoids from Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis (Asteraceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1090-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fontanel ◽  
C. Galtier ◽  
C. Viel ◽  
A. Gueiffier
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chicoric Acid ◽  
Caftaric Acid ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

Abstract Six hydroxycinnamic acids : caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid 2-O-caffeoyltartaric acid (caftaric acid) and 2,3-O-dicaffeoyltartaric acid (chicoric acid) have been isolated from Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis aerial parts. Among flavonoids, only isoquercitrin, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide were identified. Except for chlorogenic acid, these com­ pounds represent the first report in Lapsana communis. Chicoric acid is the major phenylpropanoic constituent in this plant.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric and Smartphone-Assisted Determination of Phenolic Compounds Using Crude Eggplant Extract

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Morosanova ◽  
A.S. Bashkatova ◽  
E.I. Morosanova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

In order to develop a simple, reliable and low cost enzymatic method for the determination of phenolic compounds we studied polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant (S. melongena) extract using 13 phenolic compounds. Catechol, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and L-DOPA have been rapidly oxidized with the formation of colored products. Monophenolic compounds have been oxidized at a much slower speed. Ferulic acid, quercetin, rutin, and dihydroquercetin have been found to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant extract. The influence of pH, temperature, crude eggplant extract amount, and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) concentration on the oxidation of catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA has been investigated spectrophotometrically. Michaelis constants values decrease by a factor of 2 to 3 in the presence of MBTH. Spectrophotometric (cuvette and microplate variants) and smartphone-assisted procedures for phenolic compounds determination have been proposed. Average saturation values (HSV color model) of the images of the microplate wells have been chosen as the analytical signal for smartphone-assisted procedure. LOD values for catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA equaled 5.1, 6.3, 5.8 and 30.0 µM (cuvette procedure), 12.2, 13.2, 13.2 and 80.4 µM (microplate procedure), and 23.5, 26.4, 20.8 and 120.6 µM (smartphone procedure). All the variants have been successfully applied for fast (4-5 min) and simple TPC determination in plant derived products and L-DOPA determination in model biological fluids. The values found with smartphone procedure are in good agreement with both spectrophotometric procedures values and reference values. Using crude eggplant extract- mediated reactions combined with smartphone camera detection has allowed creating low-cost, reliable and environmentally friendly analytical method for the determination of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR ACCUMULATION AND EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COM-POUNDS FROM BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS OF IRIS L. REPRESENTATIVES

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Ivanovna Tikhomirova ◽  
Natal'ya Grigor'yevna Bazarnova ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bondarev ◽  
Yaroslava Viktorovna Ponomareva ◽  
Steniya Olegovna Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Mass Formation ◽  
Selection Of

For optimal accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, xanthones, hydroxycinnamic acids) from Iris sibirica and Iris spuria in tissue culture, it is desirable to use a medium containing 1.0 to 2.5 µm BAP. The high content of cytokinin caused a stressful situation, at the first stage of which there was a mass formation of adventitious and axillary shoots, then with an increase in the concentration of the hormone, the reproduction coefficient decreased, the plants stopped reproducing, stopped growing and died. In extreme conditions, phenolic compounds are spent on the performance of protective functions, in connection with which there was a drop in their overall level in the tissues of irises. For biotechnological raw materials of Iris L. representatives, the efficiency of subcritical sequential extraction was compared with traditional methods (in Soxlet type apparatus). In subcritical conditions have been removed more flavonoids and tannins: in fraction 96% ethanol of flavonoids and tannins – in 2 times; at a fraction of 60% ethanol flavonoids – 2 times, tanning – 3 times; at a fraction of the water of flavonoids in 3 times, tanning – 1.4 times. The water in the apparatus of soxlet extracted 1.3 times more hydroxycinnamic acids than in subcritical conditions. The ratio of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins tannins in aeroponic raw material of Iris sibirica L. varieties Sterkh traditional extraction was determined as 13 : 1, the extraction in subcritical conditions 8 : 1.

scholarly journals Bioprocessed Wheat Ingredients: Characterization, Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds, and Bioactivity During in vitro Digestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Tomé-Sánchez ◽  
Ana Belén Martín-Diana ◽  
Elena Peñas ◽  
Juana Frias ◽  
Daniel Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

To enlarge the applications of whole wheat grain (WWG) and wheat bran (WB) as functional ingredients in foodstuffs that can promote human health, researchers have explored bioprocessing approaches to improve the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from these food matrices and, subsequently, their biological effects. The objective of this study was to compare the composition in nutrients, anti-nutrients, and bioactive compounds of WWG and WB, and their respective bioprocessed products: sprouted wheat (GERM) and WB hydrolysate (stabilized by spray-drying [SPD] and microencapsulated [MEC]). In addition, to evaluate the functional properties of these ingredients, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were monitored in different digestion steps. GERM had increased amounts of insoluble dietary fiber, higher diversity of oligosaccharides, and higher concentration of monosaccharides, free phosphorous, and phenolic compounds than WWG. SPD had improved content of soluble dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, free phosphorous, and phenolic compounds (vs. WB), whereas MEC was mainly composed of protein and had nearly 2-fold lower content of SPD components. All the ingredients showed lower amounts of phytic acid as compared with raw materials. In all samples, hydroxycinnamic acids were the most representative polyphenols followed by minor amounts of hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonoids. Gastrointestinal digestion of GERM, SPD, and MEC revealed high stability of total phenolic compounds in both gastric and intestinal phases. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the most bioaccessible compounds during digestion among the three bioprocessed wheat ingredients studied, although their bioaccessibility varied across ingredients. In this sense, the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid (FA) derivatives increased in GERM with progression of the digestion, while it was reduced in SPD and MEC up to the end of the intestinal phase. Microencapsulation of SPD with pea protein led to generally to lower bioaccessible amounts of phenolic acids. Comparison analysis of biological effects highlighted SPD for its most potent antioxidant effects in the gastrointestinal tract (3 out 4 antioxidant parameters with highest values), while no clear differences were observed with regard to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, these results support the potential application of GERM, SPD, and MEC as functional and nutraceutical ingredients.

Assessment of Solidago×niederederi Origin Based on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Raw Materials

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušienė ◽  
Mindaugas Marksa ◽  
Birutė Karpavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component Model

AbstractThis study provides the first phytochemical characterization of the morphologically identified natural hybrid Solidago×niederederi Khek compared with the native Solidago virgaurea and two invasive species, Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) and giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton). The phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, and quercitrin, were detected in leaves and inflorescences by the high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector/ultraviolet (PAD/UV) method. All analyzed Solidago species contained all of the phenolic compounds investigated. The quantitative phytochemical differentiation among Solidago taxa was shown by principal component analysis. The results indicated that S. gigantea plants were characterized by significantly different quantities of phenolic compounds compared with three other Solidago taxa, which formed a separate cluster in the space of the principal component model, indicating the high similarity of their profiles. An additional multivariate analysis of the three species studied revealed a chemical gradient from S. canadensis to S. virgaurea with a slightly overlapping zone on the score plots presented by S.×niederederi and S. virgaurea accessions. The results showed that S.×niederederi was closely related to S. virgaurea. This result is suggestive of a hybrid origin with significant contributions from the native species. However, S.×niederederi was significantly different from its parental species with respect to chlorogenic acid and quercitrin in leaves and rutin with isoquercitrin in inflorescences. Conversely, samples indicating intermediate chemical composition between native S. virgaurea and invasive S. gigantea were not distinguished. The comparison of phenolic compound accumulation in Solidago plants supported the additional identification of the origin of S.×niederederi.

The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Koeppe ◽  
L. M. Southwick ◽  
J. E. Bittell
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intact Roots ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

A large increase in the concentration of the isomers of chlorogenic acid was observed in extracts of sunflowers grown under phosphate-deficient conditions when compared with phosphate-sufficient plants. More phenolic compounds were leached from living intact roots, dried roots, and tops of phosphate-deficient plants than from phosphate-sufficient ones. These leachates did not contain any of the isomers of chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid but did contain scopolin. The influence of phosphate deficiency on polyphenol concentrations in plants and their possible role in allelopathic interactions between plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Pitahaya Fruit Peel from Two Red-Skinned Species (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Wanpei Tang ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Yuzhe Yang ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Base Hydrolysis ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Bound Phenolics

Pitahaya peel is a good source of bioactive polyphenols. However, the bound phenolics and their antioxidant activity remain unclear. The bound phenolics of pitahaya peel from two red-skinned species with red pulp (RP) and white pulp (WP) were released with different methods (acid, base, and composite enzymes hydrolysis). The results revealed that base hydrolysis was the most efficient method for releasing the bound phenolics from RP (11.6 mg GAE/g DW) and WP (10.5 mg GAE/g DW), which was 13.04-fold and 8.18-fold for RP and 75.07-fold and 10.94-fold for WP compared with acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. A total of 37 phenolic compounds were identified by UPLC-TOF/MS with most chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in RP, whereas chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin were the main compounds in WP. Regardless of the hydrolysis method, the extracts having the highest phenolic content showed the strongest antioxidant activities. The work shows that hydrolysis methods have a significant effect on the release of phenolics, and the contents of major characteristic bound phenolic compounds are related to the ecological type of pitahaya.

scholarly journals The study of the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements with lingonberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4(76)) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Yu. Maslov ◽  
Mykola A. Komisarenko ◽  
Serhii V. Kolisnyk ◽  
Olga V. Antonenko ◽  
Olena V. Kolisnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Aim. Today, there are a lot of dietary supplements with lingonberry at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine; therefore, the analysis and quality control of these products are relevant. In this connection, the aim of the research was to study the qualitative composition and determine the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements with lingonberry.Materials and methods. Such dietary supplements as “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM), “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm), “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM) were chosen for the study. The qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry was used for the quantitative determination.Results and discussion. Hydroquinone derivatives, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids were found in the dietary supplements analyzed. The total content of phenolic compounds was 8.70, 0.26, 0.30 %, flavonoids – 6.37, 0.15, 0.12 %, hydroxycinnamic acids – 0.94, 0.06, 0.13 %, and hydroquinone derivatives – 1.01, 0.04, 0.03 % in such dietary supplements as “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM), “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm), “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM), respectively. Conclusions. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dietary supplements with lingonberry analyzed has been performed. “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM) dietary supplement meets the requirements of the State of Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0, whereas “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm) and “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM) do not. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the problem of compliance of dietary supplements is relevant today and requires the introduction of regulatory documentation for the detection and determination of biologically active substances in dietary supplements.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE PLANT CYPERUS TEGETUM ROXB

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
ATANU CHATTERJEE ◽  
RITU KHANRA ◽  
PRANABESH CHAKRABORTY ◽  
HIMANGSHU SEKHAR MAJI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Isolated Compound

Objective: The objective of the present study is to isolate the lead molecules and the antioxidant activity is also evaluated. Method: Cyperus tegetum Roxb. (Cyperaceae) is found in the tribal area of West Midnapur district of West Bengal, India. It is commonly known as Madur Kathi. Different chromatographic techniques, namely, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate and identify the different secondary metabolites. Results: The different spectral studies (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV]) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from the extract of C. tegetum (ECT). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, namely, rutin (retention time [Rt]: 3.00), myricetin (Rt: 3.9), and quercetin (Rt: 5.6) and phenolic acids, namely, gallic acid (Rt: 4.0), caffeic acid (Rt: 5.4), chlorogenic acid (Rt: 7.3), and ferulic acid (Rt: 8.8) in ECT. ECT showed strong reducing power, diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities when compared to standard compounds. Conclusion: From this study, several flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified by RP-HPLC analysis. Flavonoids are rutin, quercetin, and myricetin and phenolic compounds are gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, respectively. The different spectral studies (NMR, IR, and UV) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from ECT.

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