Abstract 414: Ath28 Congenic Mice Confirm Atherosclerosis Modifying Gene on the Distal End of Chromosome 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juying Han ◽  
Jonathan D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Congenic Mice ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dd Mice

Objective: Strain intercrosses between apoE-deficient mice on the AKR (athero-resistant) and DBA/2 (athero-sensitive) strains identified the Ath28 quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the distal end of chromosome 2 (chr 2). We bred congenic mice on the DBA/2 background containing AKR alleles on chr 2 from 172.5 to 180 Mb in order to confirm the presence of atherosclerosis modifying genes in this region. Methods and Results: We used marker assisted backcrossing to generate DBA/2.AKR (chr 2) apoE-deficient congenic mice. High density genotyping using the MegaMuga array revealed that the AKR strain donated DNA on chr 2 from 171.5 Mb to the end of the chromosome, with the most distal marker tested at 180 Mb, while DBA/2 markers were found elsewhere in the genome. Mice heterozygote for the congenic interval were intercrossed to generate progeny homozygous for the AKR allele (AA) or the DBA/2 allele (DD). Female and male mice were fed a chow diet and sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. In the females, there was no effect on body weight; the total cholesterol levels trended 13% lower for the DD vs. AA mice (p=0.07); and, the HDL-C levels were 55% higher for the DD vs. AA mice (p=0.05). Despite having lower total cholesterol levels, the DD mice had 68% larger aortic root lesion areas (p=0.05, N=10 and 14 for AA and DD mice, respectively). In the males, the body weight was 12% higher in the DD vs. AA mice (p<0.01); the total cholesterol levels were similar in the DD and AA mice; and, the HDL-C levels were 73% higher for the DD vs. AA mice (p<0.05). The male DD mice had 27% larger aortic root lesion areas (NS), but we are adding more mice to this study to determine if this is significant (N=6 and 11 for AA and DD mice, respectively). Conclusions: Ath28 congenic mice confirm the presence of an atherosclerosis modifying gene on the distal end of chr 2 in chow-fed females. This interval in chr 2 contains over 100 genes. Our prior identification of missense variants between these strains, as well as transcriptomic and eQTL analyses have identified some candidate genes in this interval including Cstf1, Ctcfl, Zbp1, Ankrd60, Gnas, Cdh4, Ctsz, and Rae1 . Further functional genomic studies and creating mice with smaller congenic intervals will be needed in order to narrow the list of candidate genes for in vivo testing.

scholarly journals Impact of switching to TAF/FTC/RPV, TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and ABC/3TC/DTG on cardiovascular risk and lipid profile in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Federico Conti ◽  
Laura Pezzati ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Anna Lisa Ridolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the overall cardiovascular and metabolic effect of the switch to three different single tablet regimens (STRs) [tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/rilpivirine (TAF/FTC/RPV), TAF/FTC/elvitegravir/cobi (TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi) and ABC/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG)] in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) under effective ART. Methods All PLWH aged above 18 years on antiretroviral treatment with an HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL at the time of the switch to TAF/FTC/RPV, TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and ABC/3TC/DTG were retrospectively included in the analysis. Framingham risk score modification after 12 months from the switch such as lipid profile and body weight modification were assessed. The change from baseline to 12 months in mean cardiovascular risk and body weight in each of the STR’s group were assessed by means of Wilcoxon signed-rank test whereas a mixed regression model was used to assess variation in lipid levels. Results Five-hundred and sixty PLWH were switched to an STR regimen of whom 170 (30.4%) to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi, 191 (34.1%) to TAF/FTC/RPV and 199 (35.5%) to ABC/3TC/DTG. No difference in the Framingham cardiovascular risk score was observed after 12 months from the switch in each of the STR’s groups. No significant overtime variation in mean total cholesterol levels from baseline to 12 months was observed for PLWH switched to ABC/3TC/DTG [200 (SD 38) mg/dl vs 201 (SD 35) mg/dl; p = 0.610] whereas a significant increment was observed in PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi [192 (SD 34) mg/dl vs 208 (SD 40) mg/dl; p < 0.0001] and TAF/FTC/RPV [187 (SD 34) mg/dl vs 195 (SD 35) mg/dl; p = 0.027]. In addition, a significant variation in the mean body weight from baseline to 12 months was observed in PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi [72.2 (SD 13.5) kilograms vs 74.6 (SD 14.3) kilograms; p < 0.0001] and TAF/FTC/RPV [73.4 (SD 11.6) kilograms vs 75.6 (SD 11.8) kilograms; p < 0.0001] whereas no difference was observed in those switched to ABC/3TC/DTG [71.5 (SD 12.8) kilograms vs 72.1 (SD 12.6) kilograms; p = 0.478]. Conclusion No difference in the cardiovascular risk after 1 year from the switch to these STRs were observed. PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and TAF/FTC/RPV showed an increase in total cholesterol levels and body weight 12 months after the switch.

scholarly journals Antiobesity and Hypolipidemic Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves against High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souravh Bais ◽  
Guru Sewak Singh ◽  
Ramica Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

In the present study, the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MEMOL) was evaluated for antiobesity activity in rats. The antiobesity potential of MEMOL was studied against high fat diet-induced obesity (HFD) in rats. In this study, chronic administration of HFD in rats produced hypercholesterolemia (116.2 ± 0.27 mg/dL), which led to an increase in the body weight (225 gr), total cholesterol, triglycerides (263.0 ± 4.69 mg/dL), and attenuation in the levels of HDL (34.51 ± 2.20 mg/dL) as well as changes in body temperature of animals. Treatment of obese rats with MEMOL for 49 days resulted in a significant (P<0.001) change in body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL level along with a significant (P<0.001) increase in body temperature as compared to the HFD-induced obesity. MEMOL treated rats also showed a significant decrease in the level of liver biomarkers, organ weight, and blood glucose level. Further, rats treated with MEMOL (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) show reduced atherogenic index (1.7 ± 0.6 and 0.87 ± 0.76). The results indicate that the rats treated with Moringa oleifera (MO) have significantly attenuated the body weight without any change in the feed intake and also elicited significant thermogenic effect and to act as hypolipidemic and thermogenic property in obesity related disorders.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA L. LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sovia ◽  
W. Ratwita ◽  
D. Wijayanti ◽  
D. R. Novianty
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Islet Of Langerhans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Syupiarni Putri Waruwu ◽  
Joseph Partogi Sibarani ◽  
Saharnauli Janna Verawaty Simorangkir
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Collagen Peptide Derived from Skate (Raja kenojei) Skin Through Regulation of Lipid Metabolism

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Woo ◽  
Yeong Song ◽  
Keon-Hee Kang ◽  
Jeong Noh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Collagen Peptide

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of collagen peptide derived from skate skin on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. All C57BL6/J male mice were fed a HFD with 60% kcal fat except for mice in the normal group which were fed a chow diet. The collagen-fed groups received collagen peptide (1050 Da) orally (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight per day) by gavage, whereas the normal and control groups were given water (n = 9 per group). The body weight gain and visceral adipose tissue weight were lower in the collagen-fed groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Plasma and hepatic lipid levels were significantly reduced by downregulating the hepatic protein expression levels for fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)) and upregulating those for β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)) and synthesis of bile acid (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1)) (p < 0.05). In the collagen-fed groups, the hepatic protein expression level of phosphorylated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and plasma adiponectin levels were higher, and the leptin level was lower (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that collagen treatment suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced the lipid droplet size in the adipose tissue. These effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The findings indicated that skate collagen peptide has anti-obesity effects through suppression of fat accumulation and regulation of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

scholarly journals The Effects of Triacylglycerol Structures on the Food Intake and Body Weight of Mice in a High-Fat Diet Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216
Author(s):  
Xinge Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objectives The dietary fat content plays an important role in the regulation of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the impacts of triacylglycerol structure on the body weight gain and food intake of mice in a high-fat diet (HFD) setting. Methods Male C57/BL6J mice at 6 weeks old were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks, Teklad Rodent Diet chow diet (number 8640), the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO), or the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP). Each group contained 9 mice, and their food intake and BW were measured daily. The mice were euthanized after 6 weeks (12 weeks old) for tissue sample collection. Results Both high HFD groups had significantly higher BW gain and caloric intakes than the chow diet group. Mice fed the POP diet had a lower percentage of BW gain and consumed less accumulated calories than those fed the PPO diet, as well as a significantly lower liver to BW ratio. Since week 4, the body BW rate of the POP group started to be lower than that of the PPO diet group. Conclusions TAG structures in an HFD setting affect the BW gain rate and obesity in mice. The different structures of fat added to affect the food intake and BW gain differently in an HFD setting. In the future, we would like to compare the changes of the hepatic lipogenesis enzyme in these mice. This will help us to understand how the triacylglycerol structures in the diet affect lipid metabolism in mice. Funding Sources Internal.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Weight and Blood Cholesterol Levels of White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) with High-Fat Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Thatit Nurmawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Data Measurement ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Cholesterol is an essential substance for the body. The role of cholesterol as material hormones,cell membranare needed by the body. This conditionchanges into a distrubtion if the cholesterollevels in the blood increase. Weight becomes one of this trigger. The consumption of high-fat foodsincrease weight which resulting in the increase of cholesterol cases. The purpose of this study was todetermine the level of correlations between weight and cholesterol levels after being given a high-fatdiet.The study used rats (Rattus norvegicus) sex male, 16 rats with age between 1-2 months. Rats weightrange between 100-150 gr and in healthy conditions. The giving of high-fat diet were in the form ofchicken feed, duck eggs, goat oil, lard and flour for 8 weeks. The data measurement done by scales andmeasuringcholesterol levels through the end of the tail by means of easy touch. The data analysis weredone to understand level of correlation between variables. The presentation of the data used tables. Theresults showed body weight of rats did not change after administration of a high-fat diet. The cholesterolslevels of the subjects were high. Theadministration of high-fat diet from egg yolk dan goat oilcouldincrease the level of cholesterol. There was a correlation between weight and cholesterol levels afterbeing given a high-fat diet (p <0.5). It was needed to repeatthe measurements to determine changes incholesterol levels and other factors that affect thigh blood to cholesterol levels.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Total Cholesterol Level in DMPA and Combination Injection Contraception Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Rara Yumna Elfrida ◽  
Gadis Meinar Sari ◽  
Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽  
Pudji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Hormonal Content

Introduction: Hormonal injection contraception is the most widely used method of contraception in Indonesia. In long-term use, one of the side effects of injection contraception is changes in lipid metabolism in the body caused by the accumulation of hormones in the body. Two types of injectional contraception are widely used in Indonesia, namely combined injection and DMPA injection; different hormonal content has various side effects on the lipid profile. This study aimed to compare the total cholesterol level between acceptors of DMPA injection and combined injection.Methods: This study used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size is 60 respondents, including 30 DMPA injection acceptors and 30 combination injection acceptors. The sampling method uses a purposive sampling technique The independent variable in this study was the total cholesterol level of the acceptor, and the dependent variable was the acceptor of DMPA injection and the combination injection acceptor. Analysis of research data used the Independent T-test with α=0.05.Results: The results of the bivariate analysis found significant differences in total cholesterol levels in the DMPA injection contraception acceptor and combination injection with p= 0.037. It was found that overall cholesterol levels of DMPA injection acceptors were higher.Conclusion: There is a difference in total cholesterol levels in the DMPA injection contraception acceptor with a combination injection contraception acceptor.

scholarly journals Benefit of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering total cholesterol level after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice (Mus musculus) models

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Annisa Pulungan ◽  
Yunita Sari Pane
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where cholesterol levels in the body exceed the normal range. In Indonesia, the development of traditional medicine is carried out by examining plants known for their medicinal qualities, including cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii). There are many nutritional components contained in cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde. This has been suggested as a substance that can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of cinnamon in reducing total cholesterol levels of mice (Mus musculus) given high-fat feed. Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-post control study design. The groupings were performed by a simple random sampling method. There were five groups (n=6/group): 1) Negative control (aquadest); 2) positive control of high-fat containing food (HFC; quail's yolk); 3) HFC + cinnamon extract (CE; dose 2mg/20g body weight (BW); 4) HFC + CE (dose 4mg/20gBW); 5) HFC + CE (dose 8mg/20gBW). The study was conducted for 28 days. The intervention of CE started on day 15 and ended on day 28. Measurement of total cholesterol and BW of mice was performed on days 0, 14 and 28. Results: A decrease in the total cholesterol of mice (p = 0.001) was found in the groups that consumed CE. However, there was not a significant change between groups in mice BW (p = 0.419). Conclusions: Providing cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) for 28 days could decrease total cholesterol levels in mice compared to those not given cinnamon extract when consuming high-fat containing foods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document