Abstract P283: Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunduck Park ◽  
Janet C Meininger ◽  
Duck-Hee Kang ◽  
Kelley P Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Low grade systemic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is evidence that higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers. However, it remains uncertain whether the negative association between CRF and inflammatory biomarkers is due to CRF itself or results from lower levels of adiposity. Moreover, adiposity, including central adiposity, has not been examined as a moderator of the association between CRF and inflammatory biomarkers in young adults. Hypotheses: 1. Higher level of CRF will be associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers after adjusting for levels of adiposity and confounders. 2. Adjusting for confounders, there will be a significant interaction effect between adiposity (BMI, waist circumference (WC)) and CRF in relation to inflammatory biomarker levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Houston, TX. A sample of 88 asymptomatic young adults aged 20-34 years without diagnosed diseases was accessed. CRF was assessed by a submaximal treadmill walking test. Adiposity was measured using BMI and WC. The inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α) were assayed and were log 10 -transformed. A separate multiple regression analysis was conducted with each of inflammatory biomarker as dependent variables for hypothesis one. Analysis of covariance was used for hypothesis two. Confounding variables tested were sex, ethnicity, oral contraceptive use, and education level. Results: Hypothesis 1: CRF was not associated with log 10 hs-CRP after adjustment for BMI (or WC) and confounders. CRF was not associated with log 10 IL-6 after adjustment for BMI and confounders. However, CRF was negatively associated with log 10 IL-6 after adjustment for WC and confounders (Model adjusted R 2 =.273, p < .0001; β = -.341, t = -1.995, p =.049). Hypothesis 2: CRF х BMI (or WC) interaction was not associated with log 10 hs-CRP after adjustment for confounders. CRF х BMI interaction was not associated with log 10 IL-6 after adjustment for confounders. However, CRF х WC interaction was negatively associated with log 10 IL-6 after adjustment for confounders (Model adjusted R 2 = .258, p < .0001; partial eta 2 =.056, F = 4.730, p = .033). There were no associations of CRF, adiposity, and log 10 TNF-α. Conclusions: In young adults, higher level of CRF is associated with lower level of IL-6 after adjustment for central adiposity and confounders. Further, there is a significant interaction between CRF and WC in relation to IL-6 after adjustment for confounders. Higher levels of CRF may play an important role for lowering some inflammatory biomarkers in central adiposity.

scholarly journals Intravenous iron therapy and circulating biomarkers of inflammation in men with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Drozd ◽  
M Tkaczyszyn ◽  
K Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk ◽  
M Kasztura ◽  
M Dziegala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Intravenous Iron Therapy

Abstract Background Large randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) iron therapy in iron-deficient patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) brings clinical benefits related to symptoms of the disease and exercise capacity. Mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of such repletion are still the subject of interest as this is not solely related to improved haematopoiesis (IV iron works also in non-anaemic subjects). In patients with chronic heart failure iron deficiency (ID) is linked with inflammatory processess but data regarding the impact of IV iron on inflammation is scarce. Purposes We evaluated whether IV iron therapy affects circulating biomarkers of pro-inflammatory state in men with HFrEF and concomitant ID. Methods This is the sub-analysis of the study to investigate the effects of IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on the functioning of skeletal muscles in men with HFrEF. For the purposes of current research we analyzed data of 20 men with HFrEF (median age 68 (62, 75 – in brackets interquartile ranges, respectively) years, LVEF: 30 (25, 35) %, ischaemic HF aetiology: 85%, NYHA class I/II/III: 30%/50%/20%) and ID (definition according to ESC guidelines - ferritin &lt;100 ng/mL, or ferritin 100–299 ng/mL with transferrin saturation [TSAT] &lt;20%) who were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the 24-week therapy with IV FCM (dosing scheme as in the CONFIRM-HF trial) or saline (controls). The study was double-blinded. We used ELISA to evaluate different circulating pro-inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin 22 [IL-22]) at baseline and week 24. Results IV FCM therapy repleted iron stores in men with HFrEF as reflected by an increase in serum ferritin and TSAT, which was not seen in a control group. IV FCM therapy (as well as the saline administration) affected neither haemoglobin concentration nor parameters reflecting iron stores in red cells. Baseline serum ferritin was not related to hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-22 (all p&gt;0.23). Baseline TSAT was related to hs-CRP (r=−0.47, p=0.02) but not other inflammatory biomarkers. Levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-22 at week 0 were similar in subjects who received IV iron and controls (all p&gt;0.22). Change from week 0 to week 24 adjusted for baseline value (delta W24-W0 as the percentage of W0) regarding IL-22 was lower in an active treatment arm as compared with saline (p=0.049) and there was a trend towards lower delta TNF-α in FCM group compared to saline (p=0.067). These findings were not valid for other measured pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions In men with HFrEF and concomitant ID intravenous iron therapy with FCM affects biomarkers of pro-inflammatory state. Clinical relevance of this finding requires further translational research. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This research was funded by the National Science Centre (Poland) grant allocated on the basis of the decision number DEC-2012/05/E/NZ5/00590

Investigation of the inflammatory biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummugulsum Can ◽  
Muammer Buyukinan ◽  
Asuman Guzelant ◽  
Ayse Ugur ◽  
Adnan Karaibrahimoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractBackground:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic and multifactorial syndrome characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammation, and a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), αMethods:This study was performed in 43 (18 males, 25 females) MetS adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years (14.70±1.15) and 43 lean controls were matched for age and sex. The serum levels of Hp, αResults:Serum Hp, fetuin-A (p<0.01) and PF-4, hs-CRP, SAP, AGP (p<0.001) values of the MetS subjects were significantly higher than those of the controls. No difference was found in serum αConclusions:This finding suggests the possibility of using these markers in diagnosis of MetS in adolescents to prevent future complications.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Thrombo-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cellular Indices of Inflammation in Lymphoma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110503
Author(s):  
Mark Jaradeh ◽  
Nausheen Baig ◽  
Emily Bontekoe ◽  
Mirjana Mitrovic ◽  
Darko Antic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction Thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. We aimed to characterize the interrelationship of thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers and blood cellular indices in lymphoma patients. Materials and Methods Ninety-eight lymphoma patient samples were collected from Lymphoma Center of Clinic of Hematology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Normal controls (n = 50) represented plasma from healthy individuals. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), D-Dimer, factor XIII, C-reactive protein (CRP), microparticles (Mp), Von Willebrand factor (vWF), total protein S, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), β2-glycoprotein I ( β2GPI), and fibronectin levels were measured utilizing commercially-available ELISA methods. Thrombin generation profile (TGA) was measured using a fluorometric kinetic assay. Platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were measured in conjunction with the complete blood profile. Results Statistically significant differences were noted in levels of PAI-1, D-Dimer, factor XIII, CRP, microparticles, vWF, uPA, TNF α, β2GPI, fibronectin, and TGA when compared to normal (all P values < .001). Platelet to leukocyte ratio (PLA) correlated to TNF α and fibronectin ( R = −0.31 and −0.53, respectively) and the platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) correlated to factor XIII and β2GPI ( R = 0.40 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusion Plasma samples from lymphoma patients demonstrated a significantly altered thrombo-inflammatory biomarker profile that has notable correlations to blood cellular indices.

β-Carotene Concentration and Its Association with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Spanish Schoolchildren

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Beatriz Navia ◽  
Pedro Andrés ◽  
Ana I. Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Aim: To examine the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and plasma β-carotene levels in children. Methods: A total of 564 Spanish schoolchildren aged 9-12 were observed and studied. Plasma β-carotene levels were assessed by HPLC. A β-carotene level <4.83 µg/dL (0.09 µmol/L) was considered deficient. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by immunoenzyme assays. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was tested by immunonephelometry. Results: Subjects who were β-carotene-deficient (23.1% of the studied children) had higher IL-6 levels than subjects with normal β-carotene concentrations. The log-IL-6 and log-hs-CRP concentrations, but not the log-TNF-α level, were strongly and inversely related to the plasma log-β-carotene level (taking into account log-age, energy intake, log-triglycerides, gender, log-body mass index, log-β-carotene intake, energy from lipids and cholesterol as covariables). When the 3 inflammatory biomarkers were introduced into the regression model along with the corresponding covariables, only the log-IL-6 level was related to the plasma log-β-carotene level (β = -0.505 ± 0.078; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Inflammatory status, in particular IL-6 levels, appears to be negatively associated with plasma β-carotene levels in schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Association of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with inflammatory biomarkers in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. e22959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunduck Park ◽  
Janet C. Meininger ◽  
Duck-Hee Kang ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Nikhil S. Padhye
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers

Mediterranean meal favorably effects postrandial oxidative stress response compared with a western meal in healthy women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Bulmuş Tüccar ◽  
Gamze Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The postprandial state is characterized by low-grade oxidative and inflammatory responses, but the impact of different dietary patterns on these responses is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial oxidative and inflammatory responses to Mediterranean diet (MED) and Western diet (WD) meals. In a randomised crossover design, eleven healthy women, aged between 19–45 years with a body mass index of 20.0–24.9 kg/m2, consumed two different isocaloric meals: MED and WD. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 2, 3, 4 h postprandially and analyzed for oxidative [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol, native thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA)] and inflammatory [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] markers. MED meal intake resulted in increases in TAS (0.05±0.02 mmol/L; p=0.017), total thiol (23.00±7.69 μmol/L; p=0.013) and native thiol (12.82±4.94 μmol/L; p=0.027), while a decrease in MDA (−0.17±0.06 nmol/L; p=0.022) at 2 h. On the other hand, TAS reduced significantly overall (p=0.005) after WD meal intake. There was a significant increase after WD meal intake for IL-6 (1.39±0.49 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-17 (4.30±1.50 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-23 (8.38±3.51 pg/mL; p=0.038) at 4 h. However, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were not changed significantly by meal intake. The results indicate that MED meal induces favorable effects on oxidative stress, while WD meal partially increases inflammation in daily life.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanting Yu ◽  
Liqiang Tian ◽  
Yanyu Xiao ◽  
Guowei Huang ◽  
Meilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp

Background/Aims: The mechanism, by which vitamin D influences inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is not very well known. Thus, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on some inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM subjects. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials from PubMed and the Cochrane Library in October 2017 and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects. Results: We identified 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the vitamin D supplementation significant decreased the hs-CRP level by 0.45 μg/mL, whereas the vitamin D supplementation did not  influence the TNF-α and IL-6. Subgroup analysis showed that vitamin D significantly lowered hs-CRP by 0.34 μg/mL among trials with a daily vitamin D dose ≤4,000 IU and by 0.31 μg/mL among trials with time of vitamin D supplementation > 12 weeks. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for the reduction of hs-CRP inT2DM subjects but does not have a significant influence on TNF-α and IL-6 in T2DM subjects.

scholarly journals Patterns of dietary intake and serum carotenoid and tocopherol status are associated with biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian D. Wood ◽  
Anna A. Strachan ◽  
Frank Thies ◽  
Lorna S. Aucott ◽  
David M. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Hs Crp

Dietary modification may affect inflammatory processes and protect against chronic disease. In the present study, we examined the relationship between dietary patterns, circulating carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations, and biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in a 10-year longitudinal study of Scottish postmenopausal women. Diet was assessed by FFQ during 1997–2000 (n3237, mean age 54·8 (sd2·2) years). Participants (n2130, mean age 66·0 (sd2·2) years) returned during 2007–11 for follow-up. Diet was assessed by FFQ (n1682) and blood was collected for the analysis of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6, serum amyloid A, E-selectin, lipid profile and dietary biomarkers (carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol). Dietary pattern and dietary biomarker (serum carotenoid) components were generated by principal components analysis. A past ‘prudent’ dietary pattern predicted serum concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 (which decreased across the quintiles of the dietary pattern;P= 0·002 andP= 0·001, respectively; ANCOVA). Contemporary dietary patterns were also associated with inflammatory biomarkers. The concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased across the quintiles of the ‘prudent’ dietary pattern (P= 0·030 andP= 0·006, respectively). hs-CRP concentration increased across the quintiles of a ‘meat-dominated’ dietary pattern (P= 0·001). Inflammatory biomarker concentrations decreased markedly across the quintiles of carotenoid component score (P< 0·001 for hs-CRP and IL-6, andP= 0·016 for E-selectin; ANCOVA). Prudent dietary pattern and carotenoid component scores were negatively associated with serum hs-CRP concentration (unstandardised β for prudent component: − 0·053, 95 % CI − 0·102, − 0·003; carotenoid component: − 0·183, 95 % CI − 0·233, − 0·134) independent of study covariates. A prudent dietary pattern (which reflects a diet high in the intakes of fish, yogurt, pulses, rice, pasta and wine, in addition to fruit and vegetable consumption) and a serum carotenoid profile characteristic of a fruit and vegetable-rich diet are associated with lower concentrations of intermediary markers that are indicative of CVD risk reduction.

scholarly journals Internet-delivered lifestyle physical activity intervention: limited inflammation and antioxidant capacity efficacy in overweight adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek T. Smith ◽  
Lucas J. Carr ◽  
Chris Dorozynski ◽  
Chirag Gomashe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Overweight Adults

Overweight and physical inactivity are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species and chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training studies have measured changes in systemic inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers but predominantly at moderate-high intensities. Few low-intensity, lifestyle-based physical activity (PA) studies have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether improvements in lifestyle-oriented PA resulting from a 16-wk Internet-delivered PA program [Active Living Every Day-Internet (ALED-I)] elicit cardioprotective improvements in measures of inflammation, oxidation, or antioxidant enzyme capacity. Forty-one men and women (age 23–62 yr) were randomized to either the ALED-I intervention [ n = 19; age = 40.4 ± 1.9 yr; body mass index (BMI) = 31.4 ± 1.1 kg/m2] or a delayed intent-to-treat control condition ( n = 22; age = 46.6 ± 1.3 yr; BMI = 31.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2). TNF-α, C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidative capacity, change in PA, and other cardiometabolic disease risk factors were measured at baseline and postintervention. The ALED-I group increased PA and decreased central adiposity without changes in the control group. There was no change in the control group for any inflammation, oxidation, or antioxidant biomarkers. TNF-α decreased ( P = 0.01) in the intervention group but was not statistically different from the control group. In conclusion, modest improvements in daily low-intensity ambulatory PA as a result of an Internet-delivered lifestyle PA intervention may be cardioprotective in sedentary and overweight adults through reductions in central adiposity and inflammation. However, the absence of favorable changes in other inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant biomarkers highlights the need for further attention to the dose response of lifestyle-structured PA promotion strategies for health maintenance/improvement.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene interact with plasma fatty acids on inflammatory biomarker profile: a population-based, cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Oki ◽  
Marina N. Norde ◽  
Antônio A. F. Carioca ◽  
José M. P. Souza ◽  
Inar A. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of four TNF-α SNP with inflammatory biomarkers and plasma fatty acids (FA), and the interaction among them in a population-based, cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 281 subjects, aged >19 and <60 years, participated in a cross-sectional, population-based study performed in Brazil. The following SNP spanning the TNF-α gene were genotyped: -238G/A (rs361525), -308G/A (rs1800629), -857C/T (rs1799724) and -1031T/C (rs1799964). In all, eleven plasma inflammatory biomarkers and plasma FA profile were determined. To analyse the interaction between TNF-α SNP and plasma FA, a cluster analysis was performed to stratify individuals based on eleven inflammatory biomarkers into two groups used as outcome: inflammatory (INF) and non-inflammatory clusters. The -238A allele carriers had higher TNF-α (P=0·033), IL-6 (P=0·013), IL-1β (P=0·037), IL-12 (0·048) and IL-10 (P=0·010) than the GG genotype. The -308A allele carriers also had lower levels of plasma palmitoleic acid (P=0·009), oleic acid (P=0·039), total MUFA (P=0·014), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity index-16 (P=0·007), SCD-18 (P=0·020) and higher levels of PUFA (P=0·046) and DHA (P=0·044). Significant interactions modifying the risk of belonging to the INF cluster were observed with inflammatory cluster as outcome between -857C/T and plasma α-linolenic acid (P=0·026), and also between -308G/A and plasma stearic acid (P=0·044) and total SFA (P=0·040). Our study contributes to knowledge on TNF-α SNP and their association with inflammatory biomarker levels, plasma FA and the interaction among them, of particular interest for the Brazilian population.

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