scholarly journals Re-envisioning Caribbean Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Benjamín N. Narváez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
West Indians ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One

Abstract While West Indians constituted a much larger immigrant group in the port of Limón, Costa Rica and its environs, Chinese also migrated there during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In hopes of maintaining their culture and in response to the prejudice they faced, both groups formed their own tightknit transnational subcommunities. Nevertheless, they also interacted with each other. These interactions ranged from tension and conflict on the one hand, to routine, peaceful interaction and even collaboration on the other. In particular, class differences and the marginalization these groups experienced combined to produce this complex relationship. Tension and conflict often emerged due to both sides hoping to move up the social ladder and because of the economic power that many Chinese held as shopkeepers and lenders. Nevertheless, as groups experiencing social marginalization and living in proximity to each other, they could develop neutral or positive social and economic relationships.

Job Insecurity, Flexibility and Home–Work Balance for Italian Couples in Non-standard Work: The Effect of Social Class

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Salmieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Technological Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This article examines differences of non-standard employment among parenting couples on the basis of qualitative research carried out in Rome and Naples. Although there is a growing interest in Europe in issues of flexibility and job security, there has been little focus upon the social differences among non-standard workers. Social class differences are assumed to be represented by the polarization between protected and secure employees on the one hand and casual and unprotected ones on the other, as if the latter represented a homogeneous group of marginalized workers. The research presented here offers evidence about three types of social differences among Italian couples of non-standard workers: job insecurity, the impact of various types of work-flexibility, and the organization of home–work boundaries. These vary widely depending upon the content, technological organization and prestige of professional positions that non-standard workers hold. This paper shows how social and economic differences within the group of non-standard workers affect family life.

Between State and Market: Local Governments and Immigration

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Dietrich Thränhardt
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
New World ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the mid- to late-nineteenth century, millions of Germans emigratedto the New World. Today, however, immigration to Germanyis an integral aspect of everyday life in the country. The consequencesof immigration are far-reaching, ranging from the wealth ofculinary options offered by Italian, Greek, or Chinese restaurants, tothe social costs of employing thousands of foreign workers in Germany’sconstruction sector. In the Ruhr River area, Germany’slargest industrial melting pot, Turkish names are now as common asPolish names—the latter representing an immigrant group that settledin the area some 100 years ago.

Reforms and Deficits: Ottoman Response to European Challenges

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The One ◽  
Independence Movements

This chapter discusses the Ottoman reforms as well as the efforts to finance them. The Ottoman government, faced with the challenges from provincial notables and independence movements that were gaining momentum in the Balkans, on the one hand, and the growing military and economic power of Western Europe, on the other, began to implement a series of reforms in the early decades of the nineteenth century. These reforms and the opening of the economy began to transform the political and economic institutions very rapidly. The chapter shows the social and economic roots of modern Turkey thus need to be sought, first and foremost, in the changes that took place during the nineteenth century.

“Our Execrable Banditti”: Perceptions of Nabobs in Mid-Eighteenth Century Britain

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Lawson ◽  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Full Length ◽  
West Indians ◽  
Horace Walpole ◽  
East Indian ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
English Politics

In March 1761 the diarist Horace Walpole complained that “West Indians, conquerors, nabobs, and admirals” were attacking every parliamentary borough in the general election. Although it lacked statistical proof, this sour observation became an accepted tenet in political histories of Britain written during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Even the one full-length study of nabobs published in 1926 echoes Walpole's refrain; Holzman depicted them as a group of nouveaux riches “determined to raise their power and position to the level of their credit. This precipitated a fierce class strife, which was signalised [sic.] by changes in the ownership of landed estates and pocket boroughs.” The investigations of the Namierite school have long since demolished the myth of an East Indian onslaught on English politics and society in the mid-eighteenth century. Only a handful of novice MPs were returned to parliament in the general elections of 1761 and 1768, and those elected did not constitute a concentrated and coherent East Indian lobby at Westminster.Yet should Walpole's observation be dismissed so readily? This was an age of ignorance of the nature of the British presence in India, of considerable misgivings over the many effects that an empire of conquest in the east would have on Britain, and of a resultant lack of enthusiasm for an Asian empire. The leading historian of the British connection with India in the eighteenth century has recently pointed out that this reluctance derived in part from fears that it would upset not only the social and political, but also the moral underpinnings of established society.

The Social and Political Integration of West Indians in Costa Rica: 1930–50

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Harpelle
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Development ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
West Indians ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
The Social

People of African descent in Costa Rica form a marginalised and geographically concentrated minority group. The limited interest that academics have shown towards people of African descent is a reflection of their position in Costa Rican society. National histories consistently ignore the contributions of West Indian immigrants to the economic and social development of modern Costa Rica. Moreover, the existing literature on people of African descent in Costa Rica fails to document properly West Indians' efforts to integrate into Hispanic society. As a result, several misconceptions continue to exist about the evolution of the West Indian community in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Contact, Incorporation, and the North American Southeast

2005 ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Hollis
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
World System ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
American Southeast ◽  
The One

The broadening of the world-system, which involves the geographic expansion into previously external areas and integration of new economies into its network of economic relationships, is represented in world-system scholarship by two competing views. On the one hand, Wallerstein and his associates treat incorporation as being specifically contingent on the routine and systematic economic exchange for durable goods produced in the previously external area to the benefit of the core. In contrast, Hall and Chase-Dunn contend that incorporation is a synchronous process that takes different forms depending onthe relative locations within the hierarchical world-economy of both the previously external areas and the “incorporating” area. Using the sixteenth-century North American Southeast as an episode of incorporation, this study examines the contact relationship between early European explorers and the indigenous groups in the formerly external area. My goal is to illuminate more fully how contact may permanently alter the social organization and relations within the region and, consequently, the form taken by subsequent integration into the world-system.

Administering wealth: the concept of “economy” and the epistemic foundations of nationalism in late-imperial China (late-nineteenth–early-twentieth century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Blitstein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, I will focus on the emergence and uses of political economy in late-nineteenth–early-twentieth century China. I will discuss how the concept of “economy” came to be conceived as an autonomous sphere of human life, with its own rules and its own order, and how the production of “wealth” was conceptually divorced from ethics, politics, and administration. For this purpose, I will focus on a group which played a key role in reshaping the social and political discourse of the empire: a group of nationalist reformers who wanted to transform the Qing empire into a constitutional monarchy. I will explore how these reformers brought together two different sets of traditions – the Chinese imperial traditions of literati statecraft on the one hand, and mostly British, French, and German traditions of political economy on the other – and how they used them to naturalize a particular idea of what the “Chinese nation” was and should be.

scholarly journals Youth Violence in Central America

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Peetz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the social construction of youth violence in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador on the one hand, and the related security policies of the three states, on the other. In each country, there is an idiosyncratic way of constructing youth violence and juvenile delinquency. Also, each country has its own manner of reaction to those problems. In El Salvador youths are socially constructed as a threat to security, and the state implements predominantly repressive policies to protect citizens against that threat. In Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where the social discourse on youth violence is less prominent, the state’s policies are neither very accentuated nor very coherent, whether in terms of repressive or nonrepressive measures. There are strong relationships and mutual influences between the public’s fear (or disregard) of youth violence and the state’s policies to reduce it.

scholarly journals Kompetisi Diplomasi Ekonomi China dengan Taiwan di Amerika Latin Sebagai Implementasi Kebijakan Satu China

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Arif Baskoro ◽  
Nuraeni Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The One ◽  
Latin America Region

The purpose of this article is to describe the economic diplomatic competition between China and Taiwan in four countries in the Latin America region (Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, and El Salvador) on 2007-2018. The used concepts are competition concept in accordance to the global political economy framework and economic diplomacy. The used methodology in this articel is qualitative research method by collecting data from several sources and also by using interview and correspondency to verify the required data. This article founds that there were economic diplomatic used in form of comercial diplomacy and financial aid by Taiwan and China to gain recognizition from these countries mentioned; China’s victory over Taiwan caused by the economic reformation on 1978 which increased China’s economic power; also China’s political interest towards Taiwan to reunite Taiwan as one of China’s provinces since the leadership of Taiwan was taken by the Democratic Progresive Party whom rejects the one China policy. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kompetisi diplomasi ekonomi antara China dengan Taiwan di empat negara di wilayah Amerika Latin (Costa Rica, Panama, Republik Dominika dan El Salvador) pada periode 2007-2018. Konsep yang digunakan adalah konsep kompetisi berdasarkan kerangka ekonomi politik global dan juga konsep diplomasi ekonomi. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data dari berbagai sumber data dan juga menggunakan wawancara dan korespondensi sebagai cara untuk memverifikasi data yang dibutuhkan. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa terdapat penggunaan diplomasi ekonomi berbentuk diplomasi komersil dan juga bantuan finansial yang dilakukan oleh Taiwan dan China untuk mendapatkan pengakuan dari negara-negara terkait; kemenangan China yang diakibatkan terjadinya reformasi ekonomi China pada 1978 yang meningkatkan kekuatan ekonomi China; serta adanya kepentingan politik China atas Taiwan dalam upayanya untuk menyatukan Taiwan sebagai bagian dari provinsi China pasca dipimpinnya Taiwan oleh Partai DPP (Democratic Progresive Party) yang menolak keras kebijakan satu China.

A study of 1970s Hakkâri handmade shoes: An ethnography

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Buğrul
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class And Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

This study examines the types of shoes that were worn in the 1970s in Hakkâri – a city and province in Turkey close to the Turkish–Iraqi border – and its surroundings, linking them to social status, choice and taste, as well as economic power and the original cultural heritage of the local community. The findings detailed herein are based on samples taken from fieldwork conducted in 32 localities. Severe winter conditions have an important place among the factors that shape the social life of the local people of Hakkâri. In winter, they used to wear snowshoes called ‘leken’ to walk comfortably on snow of 2 m depth. Unlike various types of shoes worn today, there were three types of shoes worn in Hakkâri and its surroundings in the past in addition to snowshoes. The first is the one made of goat hair called ‘reşik’; the second is called ‘lastik’, which has a tyre sole and has knitted sides made of goat’s hair yarn; the third is a shoe called ‘kalik’, made from cattle skin. The characteristics of these have close relations with the material, colour and shape of shoes and the class and status of the people who wore them as well as with traditions and culture of the community. As well as exploring the material and other features of these shoes, similar examples, redesigned and made in other nearby provinces, are compared and discussed. This study is significant in that these traditional handicrafts are at risk of vanishing, as are other handicrafts in other parts of the world, due to the influence of technology and industrialization. By considering the traditional methods of shoe-making in Hakkâri and contextualizing this amongst the practices of other nearby provinces, this study aims to contribute to the promotion of the culture and art of the region and add to the limited literature in this field.

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