Nanobiotechnology Model Arising from Coronavirus Interacting with the AQP Channels Along the Respiratory Regions and Estimating the Infectivity Rate of the COVID19 Outbreak Based on Temperature and Direct Contact Rate

Coronavirus (COVID19) is an infectious disease that attacks the human body, particularly within the respiratory regions, e.g., nasal and lung tissues. COVID19 infection is classified into three different stages: mild, moderate, and severe. Recovery from the first two stages can mostly be achieved without special treatment, but these stages can lead to death for older people and those who have underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, chronic-respiratory disease, HIV, and cardiovascular disease. COVID19 prefers to attack the tissues and membranes of the respiratory system, especially those found in the nose, throat, and on the external surface of the lungs. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a large family of integral biomembranes that facilitate transport of water and small biomolecules between cells. The current work develops two scientific sub-models, i.e., biological and statistical. The biological model is aimed at investigating the realistic mechanism of bio-interaction between the two types of COV and different AQP protein channels. This model is obtained mathematically by evaluating the magnitude of the potential energy arising from SARSCOV and COVID19 penetrating the cavity of the AQP protein channels located on the external surface of human cells. We use an exponential function to estimate the transmission rate of COVID19 with respect to time in different territories. Additionally, we observe that temperature and direct contact play major roles in determining the number of infected cases, and consider relative humidity as a secondary factor. Our results show that AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 are the most favorable tissues for COVID19 spread because their pH exceeds 6.5. A mathematical model is developed that describes the behavior of the COVID19 outbreak in terms of temperature (μ) and direct contact (α) rate.

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Changes in The Number of Mold and Acceptance Rate of Kappaphycus alvarezii Jelly Candy Packed with Edible Film Gelatin-CMC During Storage

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Pangan ◽

10.33772/jstp.v6i6.21646 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Asri Silvana Naiu ◽

Nikmawatisusanti Yusuf ◽

Yusnina Hudongi

Keyword(s):

Storage Time ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Edible Film ◽

Main Study ◽

Main Research ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Two Stages ◽

The Relationship

This study aimed to analyze changes in the number of molds and the level of panelist acceptance of K. alvarezii jelly candy packaged using gelatin-CMC edible film during storage. The method used in this study is a laboratory experimental method which consists of two stages, namely preliminary research which aims to determine the best edible film formula to be used as jelly candy packaging and the main research to analyze changes in the number of molds and the level of acceptance of appearance, taste, aroma and texture of jelly candy that has been packaged using a gelatin-CMC edible film during storage. Storage for 60 days was converted to 15 days in a climatic chamber with a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 75%. Sampling was carried out every 3 days. The research design used linear regression to see the relationship between storage time and test parameters. The results of the preliminary study showed the best formula for edible film, namely 1% gelatin, 0.3% bees wax, 0.75% CMC, and 0.3% glycerol which resulted in a water vapor transmission rate of 18.60 g/m2/24 hours. The results of the main study showed that storage time had a moderate effect on mold. Mold was detected on the last day of observation, storage time had a very strong effect on the level of acceptance which decreased with storage time. The organoleptic value of jelly candy packaged using gelatin-CMC edible film was still acceptable to the panelists until the 36th day of storage.

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CRITICAL STUDY OF TVAK IN THE VIEW OF MODERN SCIENCE: A REVIEW ARTICLE

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj3109082021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1795-1799

Author(s):

Ishan Malhotra ◽

Sakshi Sakshi ◽

Subhash Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

External Surface ◽

Modern Science ◽

Review Article ◽

The Body ◽

Critical Study ◽

Entire Body ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Normal Colour ◽

Modern Era

In Ayurveda, the term Tvak, Twacha and Charma are frequently used to denote the skin. Tvak is described as the organ which covers the external surface of the entire body. Tvak and its related diseases have great importance because these are easily noticeable. It is the first part of the body that is in direct contact with any harmful sub- stances or infective microorganisms. It protects the internal structures of the body from injury or infections and regulates the temperature of the body. Skin is also the beauty of a human being. Therefore, it should be protected from any abnormal conditions. Ayurveda Acharyas have described Tvak many years ago. They explained each layer of Tvak in meaningful sequences, its related diseases and measurement of each layer. They also explained that it maintains the normal colour of individuals and conveys the sensation of touch. Some topics of Ayurveda are easy to understand, and some topics become easy if we study along with modern science. So, for a proper un- derstanding of the concept of Tvak, it is very essential to correlate it with modern science and elaborate according to the modern era. Keywords: Tvak, Sparshanendriya, Sharirsthan, Santanika, Vrihi, Skin, Dermis, Epidermis

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THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE CLASSROOM OF GUJARAT STATE.

Towards Excellence ◽

10.37867/te120408 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Om Joshi

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Language Teachers ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Gujarat State ◽

Literature Classroom ◽

Language And Literature

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has taken so many innocent lives, as it spread most of the corner of the world and Gujarat, India oneof them. At present March 2020, most of the institutes and universities do ready to complete the course and repeats the topic in the classroom. As we know that, because of Coronavirus disease (COVID19)University Grants Commission, Health and Family Welfare Department and Education Department, Govt. of Gujaratinstructed to all the institutes and universities to remain closed till further instructions.In this period, researcher wishes to knowthe situation of the English language and literature classroom of Gujarat state. Researcher will refer the online circularsof different institutes and universities of Gujaratstate andwill do the telephonic interviews of English language teachers, based on the data, researcher will discuss the effects of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in English language and literature classroom.

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Why there are and will be less deaths in India due to COVID-19: an insight

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3301

Author(s):

Chincholikar Sanjeev Vasantrao

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization which exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and spread rapidly across countries. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Climate, with temperature, humidity, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, immune status of persons, elderly people, uncontrolled co morbid conditions like heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney diseases seems to play an important role in spread and severity of corona virus infection. As reported from MOHFW website, the COVID-19 deaths are more in above 60 years of age with comorbidities cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.

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A REVIEW TO SUMMARIZE THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCES ON TURMERIC'S (CURCUMA LONGA) MEDICINAL PROPERTIES TO UNDERSTAND THE SCOPE OF ITS EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF COVID19 DISEASES.

10.36106/ijsr/0600389 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Vd. Anagha Kothadia ◽

Geeta D. Parulkar

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Evidence Based Treatment ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Medicinal Properties

The massive outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the world, has affected more than 200 countries and territories which was originated in bats and transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts in the Wuhan seafood market, China, in December of 2019. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. There is no system of medicine has any evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 yet and vaccine is recommended. WHO is helping to accelerate drug research. In India, Ministry of Ayush has issued guidelines which contain preventive and remedial information and advisories for the management of COVID19 symptoms. This review has assembled evidences of Turmeric/Curcuma longa which is one of the ingredient of the ayurvedic preventive majors issued by Ministry of Ayush and revealed various routes of administration of Turmeric /Curcuma longa asserted in Ayurvedic Texts as a remedy and additional preventive majors for COVID 19 symptoms.

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PENGARUH OLEORESIN DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) DUA TAHAP TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM TAPIOKA

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.15474 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Rohula Utami ◽

Lia Umi Khasanah ◽

Katut Kompi Yuniter ◽

Godras Jati Manuhara

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Edible Films ◽

Edible Film ◽

Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽

Microbial Inhibition ◽

Water Vapor Transmission ◽

Two Stages

Synthetic packaging caused negative impacts on environmental pollution. Utilization of edible film packaging is more effective than synthetic packaging due to the biodegradable properties. The two stages cinnamon leaves oleoresin contain active compounds that performed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In this study, addition of two stages cinnamon leaves oleoresin on edible tapioca film can affect the characteristics of the edible film. Effect of two stages cinnamon leaves oleoresin on edible films characteristics was investigated. The results showed that the addition of two stages cinnamon leaves oleoresin (0%, 0.025%, 0.5%, 0.075%, and 0.1%) does not affect the thickness, tensile strength, and water vapor transmission rate of edible film, while affected the elongation and microbial inhibition of edible film. The edible film with the addition of 0.1% two stages cinnamon leaves oleoresin resulted the best microbial inhibition and physical characteristics of edible film with the thickness of 0.128 mm, tensile strength of 0.2189 MPa, elongation of 283.2721%, water vapor transmission rate of 29.786 g/jam.m2, and microbial inhibition zone of 31.394 mm.

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Nebulized CLODOS Technology Shows Clear Virucidal Properties against the Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E at Non-Cytotoxic Doses

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 531

Author(s):

Sabina Andreu ◽

Inés Ripa ◽

Raquel Bello-Morales ◽

José Antonio López-Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Short Communication ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Product Concentration ◽

Human Coronavirus ◽

Feasible Method ◽

Infectivity Rate ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

High Infectivity

The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new disinfection systems. Evidence has proven that airborne transmission is an important route of spreading for this virus. Therefore, this short communication introduces CLODOS Technology®, a novel strategy to disinfect contaminated surfaces. It is a product based on stable and 99% pure chlorine dioxide, already certified as a bactericide, fungicide and virucide against different pathogens. In this study, CLODOS Technology®, by direct contact or thermonebulization, showed virucidal activity against the human coronavirus HCoV-229E at non-cytotoxic doses. Different conditions such as nebulization, exposure time and product concentration have been tested to standardize and optimize this new feasible method for disinfection.

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PENULARAN DAN PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI KALANGAN SISWA SMA SANTA MARIA MEDAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.51622/pengabdian.v2i1.164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Ade Pryta Simaremare

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Close Contact ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Large Family ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Correct Information ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

Private High School ◽

Santa Maria

Abstrak Coronavirus adalah keluarga besar virus yang menyebabkan penyakit mulai dari gejala ringan sampai berat. Penambahan jumlah kasus COVID-19 berlangsung cukup cepat dan sudah terjadi penyebaran antar negara. Berdasarkan bukti ilmiah, COVID-19 dapat menular dari manusia ke manusia melalui percikan batuk/bersin (droplet), tidak melalui udara. Rekomendasi standar untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi adalah melalui cuci tangan secara teratur menggunakan sabun dan air bersih, menerapkan etika batuk dan bersin, menghindari kontak secara langsung dengan ternak dan hewan liar serta menghindari kontak dekat dengan siapapun yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit pernapasan seperti batuk dan bersin. Pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penyuluhan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan yang benar mengenai COVID-19, penularan dan pencegahannya kepada para pelajar di SMA Swasta Santa Maria Medan sehingga diharapkan akan membantu dalam memutuskan mata rantai penularan COVID-19 yang semakin meraja lela. Abstract Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. The increase in the number of COVID-19 cases is happening fast enough and there has been a spread between countries. Based on scientific evidence, COVID-19 can be transmitted from human to human through droplets, not through the air. Standard recommendations for preventing the spread of infection are regular hand washing with soap and clean water, practicing coughing and sneezing, avoiding direct contact with livestock and wild animals and avoiding close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing. This community service is in the form of counseling that aims to provide correct information and knowledge about COVID-19, its transmission and prevention to students at Santa Maria Medan Private High School so it is hoped that it will help in breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission which is increasingly rampant.

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Efficacy of Immune System Challenges with Tiny Enemy COVID-19

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Huda S. Jassim

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Aged People

The objective of this review article was to discuss the interaction between virus effectiveness and host immune system challenges on the innate and adaptive on how the immune system able to defend against COVID-19 viral infections. Genetically, the COVID-19 is a virus that has genetic material coated by lipid with a crown of protein. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two (SARS-COV-2) and was first detected in humans last December 2019. Primarily, the COVID-19 virus spreads with droplets of saliva or nose discharge when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Most people with a healthy immune system those infected with the COVID-19 virus showed mild to moderate respiratory illness and recovered without needing special treatment. The aged people those had medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are most likely to develop serious illness. In-conclusion: Little is known about viral clearance, but regulation innate immune response associated with development of adaptive immunity neutralizing antibodies, memory T and B lymphocytes in convalescent patients raises hope for active immunization.

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Understanding the effects of the direct contacts and the indirect contacts on the epidemic spreading among beef cattle farms in southwest Kansas

10.1101/2020.04.27.063735 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chunlin Yi ◽

Qihui Yang ◽

Caterina M. Scoglio

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Detection Time ◽

Indirect Contact ◽

Indirect Transmission ◽

Epidemic Size ◽

Cattle Farms

AbstractMoving infected animals and sharing contaminated equipment and vehicles are considered as the most effective ways for between-farm disease transmission. The objective of this study is to develop a network-based simulation model to investigate the effects of direct contact, indirect contact, and their combination on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease spread between beef-cattle farms in southwest Kansas, the US. Based on synthetic cattle and truck movement data in southwest Kansas, we build a farm-level contact network with two layers, a cattle movement layer (direct contacts) and a truck movement layer (indirect contacts). The S-E-I-R model is selected to describe the epidemiology of the foot-and-mouth disease with some parameters adopted from published literature. For two parameters — detection time and indirect transmission rate — we perform a sensitivity analysis. Through a thorough simulation analysis of three sets of scenarios, we compare the disease transmission dynamics, the distribution of outbreak epidemic size, and the disease breakout percentage — note that for some simulations an initial infection will not produce a disease outbreak — of different contact structures. Simulation results show that neither direct contact nor indirect contact individually can result in a massive outbreak of the disease, but their combination plays a significant role. Additionally, we detect different probabilities of disease outbreak by starting the simulations at different farms; starting at some farms with high node strength increases the probability of disease outbreak. However, the immunization of the high-risk farms is not enough to control the disease spreading. What’s more, we find that the detection time and indirect transmission rate have great impacts on the epidemic size and disease breakout percentage.

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