Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in Cervical Spine and Its Association With Ossified Lesions in the Whole Spine: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2500 CT Scans

Study Design: A retrospective study. Objective: To identify the prevalence and characteristics of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine and its association with other spinal ligament ossifications. Method: This study is a retrospective review of whole spine CT scans of polytrauma patients from 2009 to 2018. Patients were screened for cervical OPLL (C-OPLL), thoracolumbar OPLL, thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF), cervical and thoracolumbar ossified anterior longitudinal ligament (C-OALL AND T-L OALL), ossified nuchal ligament (ONL) and, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) using CT scans. Their prevalence and distributions were assessed using statistical tools. Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical association between the categorical parameters. Results: Out of 2500 patients, 128 had C-OPLL with a prevalence rate of 5.12% with mean age of 55.89 year. The most commonly affected level was C5, followed by C6, and C4. The segmental OPLL was highest in number (77.7%), followed by localized type (14.8%). While the prevalence rate of thoracic OPLL was 0.56%, OLF was 9.9%. Ossifications that coexisted along with C-OPLL were thoracic OPLL (7.81%), thoracic OLF (36.71%), cervical OALL (29.68%), thoracolumbar OALL (37.5%), DISH (27.34%) and, ONL (7.03%). Conclusion: Our study indicated a prevalence rate of 5.12% for C-OPLL with a predominance of segmental OPLL (77.7%). Among these patients, approximately 36% had coexisting thoracic OLF. In patients with symptomatic OPLL induced cervical myelopathy, MRI analysis of whole spine with relevant CT correlation may help in detecting additional ossification sites of compression.

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Investigating the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a population-based study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT data

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01797-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Bijani ◽

Saeed Parvizi ◽

Azizallah Dehghan ◽

Massih Sedigh-Rahimabadi ◽

Mahsa Rostami-chijan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Study Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background A high prevalence rate of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications made this disease a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in Fasa PERSIAN COHORT in south of Iran in 2019. Methods This was an analytical-cross sectional study. The study population were the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in this study. Independent t test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the obtained data. Thereafter, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Out of 10,111 individuals included in the study, 5546 (54.86%) subjects were women and 4565 (45.16%) other were men. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was estimated as 46.6%. In the present study, (16/1%) of the participants were with HTN stage 1, and (17/9%) of them were with HTN stage 2. The results show that there were significant positive correlations among HTN and age, BMI, HDL, TG, BUN, ALP, smoking, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and renal failure (P < 0.5). Conclusions Prevalence of HTN in this study population is considerable. Therefore, it is suggested that health system should program some plans to prevent hypertension’s prevalence and eliminate its risk factors.

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Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province Zambia

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.09.04.art013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 144-162

Author(s):

Gift Himwaaba

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test

Hypertension also known as high blood pressure is a global public health issue that has become very common worldwide and can lead to major health outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and ultimately death. The main objective of this study was to assess the incidences and the prevalence of hypertension among inmates. A correctional facilities based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the incidence and prevalence of hypertension among the inmates of Zambia’s Lusaka based three correctional facilities. A total of 311 inmates were included in this study of which 228 (73.3%) were males and 83 (26.7%) were females. Data was analyzed using STATA version 15.0 software package. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, fisher’s exact test and Logistic regression were used to examine, demographic characteristics, prevalence rate, correlation, risk factors and association in relation to hypertension. Among the participants 54 (17.4%) were found to be hypertensive. The median blood pressure for the hypertensive was 157.8/102 mmHg and the median blood pressure for non-hypertensive was 116/75 mmHg. Incarceration variables correlated with hypertension were, duration of incarceration p= 0.0001, reasons for detention p= 0.0001, type of inmate p= 0.0150. Old age, unemployed, major crimes, history of hypertension, smoking and body mass index were the risk factors for hypertension found among inmates. The prevalence of hypertension in the three correctional facilities in Zambia was found to be at 17.4%, which was lower than the prevalence rate in most studies reviewed and even lower than the prevalence rate in the general population of some selected districts in Zambia.

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Prevalence of empathy, anxiety and depression, and their association with each other and with sex and intended specialty in medical students

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica ◽

10.1590/1981-5271v45.3-20210177.ing ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Brunfentrinker ◽

Regina Pinho Gomig ◽

Suely Grosseman

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Performance ◽

Student’S T ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Severe Anxiety

Abstract: Introduction: Empathy and mental health are crucial for medical students’ self-care and performance as well as for patient care. Objective: to assess the prevalence of empathy, anxiety and depression, and their association with each other and sex, intended specialty and course semester. Method: Cross-sectional study with 405 of 543 students (74.6%) from odd semesters and from the 12th semester of the medical course of two universities in southern Brazil. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing information on age, sex, medical course semester, intended specialty, Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BAI and BDI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-tests, Chi-square, and bidirectional ANOVA between groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean JSE score was 120.2 (SD = 10.6) [116.9 (SD = 11.0) in men and 123.4 (SD = 9.2) in women, p = 0.000], being higher among students who wanted to follow medical areas aimed at people [123.1 (SD = 10.1)], than among those whose intended areas aimed at techniques and procedures [118.5 (SD = 11.2)], p = .003. There was no difference between the course periods. The anxiety and depression mean rates were, respectively, 16.2 (SD = 11.3) and 11.9 (SD = 9.0) [13.1 (SD = 10.3) and 9.9 (SD = 8.3) in men and 19.1 (SD = 11.4), and 13.8 (SD = 9.4) in women, p = .000 for both]. The prevalence rate of moderate and high anxiety was 33.8% and, when including mild anxiety, it was 59%. The prevalence rate of dysphoria (BDI = 16 - 20) and depression (BDI > 20) was 26.4%, and 11.9% for suicidal ideation. An association was observed between severe anxiety and the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’, more related to empathic stress. Conclusions: Empathy is high and stable throughout the medical course at the studied institutions and higher in women and students who want to follow people-oriented specialties. Anxiety and depression have higher prevalence rates in women. Severe anxiety is associated with the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’.

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Associations between Clinical Findings and Severity of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10184137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 4137

Author(s):

Takashi Hirai ◽

Soraya Nishimura ◽

Toshitaka Yoshii ◽

Narihito Nagoshi ◽

Jun Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Whole Spine

Background: This study investigated how diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) influences clinical characteristics in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Although DISH is considered unlikely to promote neurologic dysfunction, this relationship remains unclear. Methods: Patient data were prospectively collected from 16 Japanese institutions. In total, 239 patients with cervical OPLL were enrolled who had whole-spine computed tomography images available. The primary outcomes were visual analog scale pain scores and the results of other self-reported clinical questionnaires. Correlations were sought between clinical symptoms and DISH using the following grading system: 1, DISH at T3-T10; 2, DISH at both T3–10 and C6–T2 and/or T11–L2; and 3, DISH beyond the C5 and/or L3 levels. Results: DISH was absent in 132 cases, grade 1 in 23, grade 2 in 65, and grade 3 in 19. There were no significant correlations between DISH grade and clinical scores. However, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of neck pain (but not in back pain or low back pain) among the three grades. Interestingly, DISH localized in the thoracic spine (grade 1) may create overload at the cervical spine and lead to neck pain in patients with cervical OPLL. Conclusion: This study is the first prospective multicenter cross-sectional comparison of subjective outcomes in patients with cervical OPLL according to the presence or absence of DISH. The severity of DISH was partially associated with the prevalence of neck pain.

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Seroprevalence of Trichinella Spp. in Pigs and Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pig Farmers of Eastern and Midwestern Regions of Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.12914 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 402-407

Author(s):

Dipak Kathayat ◽

Swoyam P. Shrestha ◽

Santosh Dhakal ◽

Laxman Ghimire ◽

Mahesh K.C.

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Structure Questionnaire ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Face To Face ◽

Chi Square Test

A cross-sectional study was conducted on four major pig raising districts of eastern and mid-western region of Nepal from February to May 2014 to find out the seroprevalence of Trichinella spp. A total of 184 serum samples of pigs were collected and antibodies against trichinella were detected using ID screen trichinella indirect multi- species ELISA kit. The study revealed prevalence rate of 3.8% and difference in prevalence rate according to age, sex, breed, rearing system, ecozone, region & district were statistically insignificant (P>0.05) as analysed by Chi-square test using PHStat version 2.5 and Fisher’s exact test. This study confirms that antibodies of Trichinella spp. are circulating in pigs of Nepal. Further, the knowledge, attitude and practices survey of meat borne helminthic zoonoses was conducted among 50 pig raisers and pork consumers by face to face interview using a semi-structure questionnaire. This survey concludes that although there were significant portion of the respondents aware of meat borne helminthic zoonoses but there were still a noticeable proportion of respondents who didn’t have a proper knowledge that upsurge public health risks. Moreover, present-day situation of their pig raising practices & pork consumption system possess them to a menace of public health zoonoses. be done for enhancing the potential of isolates. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 402-407

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Aortic-vertebral interaction in ankylosing spondylitis: syndesmophyte development at the juxta-aortic vertebral rim

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214675 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

pp. 922-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sovira Tan ◽

Abhijit Dasgupta ◽

John A Flynn ◽

Michael M Ward

Keyword(s):

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Thoracic Spine ◽

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Intervertebral Disc Space ◽

Disc Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mechanical Factors

ObjectivesThe aorta inhibits paravertebral ossification in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. We investigated if syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) occurred less often at the vertebral rim near the aorta.MethodsWe performed thoracolumbar CT scans in 60 subjects in this cross-sectional study. The mid-thoracic spine was also scanned in 22 subjects. We divided the rim of each intervertebral disc space (IDS) into 72 angular sectors, each of 5°. We computed syndesmophyte height in each sector, and the distance from the sector to the aorta. We evaluated if syndesmophyte size or frequency in a sector was associated with its distance from the aorta.ResultsIn the 180° region of the vertebral rim centered on the sector closest to the aorta, syndesmophyte height and/or frequency varied with the distance of the sector to the aorta, with the lowest frequency and smallest mean syndesmophyte height at the sector along the rim nearest the aorta. Additionally, syndesmophytes were less common in subjects and at IDSs where the aorta was anatomically closer to the vertebra. No syndesmophytes were present in the sector closest to the aorta in subjects whose aorta-vertebral distance was less than 2 mm, but syndesmophytes were progressively more common among subjects whose aortas lay further from the rim.ConclusionsSyndesmophytes occurred less commonly and were smaller at the thoracolumbar vertebral rim near the aorta. These findings suggest that mechanical factors extrinsic to the spine and not solely vertebral inflammation, influence syndesmophyte development in AS.

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Prevalência de empatia, ansiedade e depressão, e sua associação entre si e com gênero e especialidade almejada em estudantes de medicina

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica ◽

10.1590/1981-5271v45.3-20210177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Brunfentrinker ◽

Regina Pinho Gomig ◽

Suely Grosseman

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Performance ◽

Student’S T ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Severe Anxiety

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Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 2016-2026

Author(s):

Tamara R. Almeida ◽

Clayton H. Rocha ◽

Camila M. Rabelo ◽

Raquel F. Gomes ◽

Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sound Pressure ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Real ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sound Pressure Levels ◽

Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.33394/bjib.v7i2.2371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Dini Yuliansari

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Well Water ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Variable ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Dug Well ◽

The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

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Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v14i6.11943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 359-370

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Culture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Health Related ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

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