On Allocation Contests for Publicly Provided Goods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Arijit Sen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Publicly Provided Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
The Government

In many countries, the government provides goods and services that are rival in consumption—essential commodities, such as water, public transportation and basic health care, and merit goods like professional education and tertiary health care. For such goods, the government has to specify allocation rules under which citizens can access them. Affluent citizens often have the incentive and the ability to influence public allocation rules by engaging in allocation contests. This article presents simple models of allocation contests for a divisible essential commodity and an indivisible merit good, and studies contest equilibria and their implications for social outcomes. Given allocation contests over public provision, falling public supply of an essential commodity can have magnified negative impact on social welfare, and raising the reservation quota of a publicly provided merit good for a set of disadvantaged citizens might effectively lower their access to the good. JEL: C72, D61, H42

scholarly journals METHODS AND WAYS OF ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES FROM CORRUPTION THEFT IN PUBLIC SECTOR OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko ◽  
Georgy Ismaylovich Harada ◽  
Nazirkhan Gadzhievich Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

Implementation of the decisions made in the course of management of economic and socio-political development of the state causes the adequate financial flows forming the budgetary sphere of the state. The trouble in this sphere does not allow to provide the necessary level of economic growth, hampers reforming of the economy, makes negative impact on commercial and foreign economic activity, interferes with improvement of monetary and credit, tax, insurance and other spheres of the financial system of the Russian Federation. The offenses connected with corruption and theft of budget funds committed by officials at various levels significantly undermine the authority of the government, cause a growth of discontent of society and impact the social and economic situation in the country. The practice of identifying the offenses connected with theft of public funds and property shows that practically all spheres of the public sector of economy are, to a greater or lesser extent, subject to the risks of such crimes commitment. In this regard, a research of methods and ways of assessment of corruption theft amount in the public sector of the economy is an important and hot topic. The main types of public funds theft have been analyzed, including theft of budget funds allocated in the form of grants for targeted measures; theft by overcharging the prices of goods and services used for the state needs; the acquisition of inventory for personal use of the heads of public companies at the expense of the company, etc. The dynamics of the amount of budget crimes in the Ryazan region has been analyzed. It was inferred that corruption crimes in the public sector of the Ryazan region include fraud, abuse of power, abuse of authority, illegal participation in business, as well as taking bribes. A set of measures for preventing the above crimes has been proposed.

scholarly journals Ukrainian response to the COVID-19 pandemic: governmental interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Valentyn Bakhnivskyi ◽  
Olena Ignashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Care Level ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Response

In this article, the governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine is described, starting from the first detected cases, up until the summer of 2020. Pandemic caught Ukraine’s health care system in the midst of a reform. At the time of COVID-19 outbreak, the first steps of primary health care reform were already being implemented while the reform at the secondary health care level were about to started. However, changes of the political environment (due to the elections 2019), two changes of the Minister of Health (since the beginning of the pandemic), the absence of the general plan of action followed by the inconsistent political decisions, and the uncertainty in financing mechanisms of the secondary health care facilities, made the COVID-19 pandemic challenging for Ukraine. The Ukrainian government had difficulties in devoting additional recourses to medical facilities to protect medical professionals and provide treatment for patients. Instead, as a main intervention to combat COVID-19, the government implemented lockdown from 12 of March to 12th of May that only postponed the raise of infections, preserved lives. While the pandemic still had a highly negative impact on the economy, initial analysis indicate that lockdown could be considered effective from the economics point of view.

scholarly journals The role of the government in increasing MSMEs in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasya Belina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Small Traders ◽  
Development Perspective

As we know that economic growth is one indicator of a country's economic performance. Experts state that small traders are business actors with relatively small capital who carry out production activities or sell goods and services to meet the needs of certain groups in society. From a business development perspective, small traders, such as warungs, street vendors or hawkers, and small-scale shops are micro-enterprises that operate informally. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on 84.7% of MSMEs, the average income fell significantly by 53%, and around 72% of MSMEs experienced a decrease in income of more than 40%. MSMEs have a very large role in the Indonesian economy.

Public service broadcasting in Italy: Historical trends and future prospects

Modern Italy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hibberd
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

SummaryThe article outlines the current structure and organization of public service broadcasting in Italy and explores various options for its future development. With moves towards digital broadcasting, RAI is set to enter a discrete next stage which will bring new challenges and will inevitably lead to a revision of its public service remit. While it is currently unclear how far Italian public service broadcasting will change, there is evidence that members of the government and senior RAI managers wish partially to privatize core elements of its public service. Focusing on the development of television, the article addresses some of the salient issues facing RAI and other public service broadcasters who have become the victims of a pervasive disenchantment with public provision of goods and services.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF NON-DISCRIMINATION IN RESPECT TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE POLICY FOR DEALING WITH INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijan Widijowati
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Legal Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Borders

International trade is an activity involving the exchange of goods and services across national borders. International trade is strongly influenced by the harmonization of political, legal, social and cultural rights owned by respective countries. A number of principles have been formulated and enforced to prevent and resolve disputes arising from international trade, one of which is the principle of non- discrimination. In practice the existence of the principle of non-discrimination often cannot be implemented, because it runs contrary to the policies of each country which is to protect its own interests. Based on the background of the problem that has been described, three subject matters were identified: 1. How can the principle of non-discrimination be applied in international trade? 2. How can appropriate legal policies in dealing with the negative impact of international trade be determined? 3. How can expected disputes on international trade be resolved? The method used in this study was the normative juridical approach to literature. Studies have properties that descriptive analytical assessment phase which focuses on the assessment of secondary data. Data was collected by means of a literature study to support the object of assessment. The results of the assessment conducted revealed that the principle of non-discrimination in international trade cannot be directly applied. Although there is a variety of policies whether committed by the government or society which indirectly consider the principle of non-discrimination internationally, the principle of non-discrimination can only be applied if it can support and protect the interests of concerned parties.

scholarly journals Public Provision and Cross-Border Health Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
David Granlund ◽  
Magnus Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
High Income ◽  
Border Health ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Demand For Health

Abstract We study how the optimal public provision of health care depends on whether or not individuals have an option to seek publicly financed treatment in other regions. We find that, relative to the first-best solution, the government has an incentive to over-provide health care to low-income individuals. When cross-border health care takes place, this incentive is solely explained by that over-provision facilitates redistribution. The reason why more health care facilitates redistribution is that high-ability individuals mimicking low-ability individuals benefit the least from health care when health and labor supply are complements. Without cross-border health care, higher demand for health care among high-income individuals also contributes to the over-provision given that high-income individuals do not work considerably less than low-income individuals and that the government cannot discriminate between the income groups by giving them different access to health care.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Konstruksi Jembatan Layang Sebagai Penguraian Kemacetan dalam Kerangka Smart Mobility di Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2019 (Studi Kasus Jembatan Layang (Fly Over) Janti)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 024
Author(s):  
Luthfiana Putri Aisyah ◽  
Eko Priyo Purnomo ◽  
Aulia Nur Kasiwi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Government ◽  
The Road ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
The Government

This research was conducted to determine the efforts made by the Yogyakarta city government to realize a good mobility system to overcome the congestion that occurs, one of which is at the Janti intersection, Yogyakarta. In its implementation as a breakdown of congestion, it is necessary to know the extent to which the effectiveness and impact arising from the construction of the Janti fly over. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research that presents factual and systematic data. Data collection is done by observation and literature review in order to dig up information and process and draw conclusions as a qualitative research method. The urgency of the embodiment of smart cities in other cities in Indonesia is the imbalance of population growth with the development of industrialization. Technology-based smart mobility systems are designed to regulate the movement of public transportation and traffic management in a city. The application of information technology aims to have a smooth and convenient impact on traffic. The results of this study explain that the Janti fly over is the primary arterial road that connects the three Janti intersections. This development has an effect on traffic circulation, which is reducing the level of vehicle density and congestion. Not only the positive impact but the negative impact is also felt by residents who live around the fly over, especially since since 2017 the road closure has been put under the Janti fly over.The results of this study can certainly be an evaluation material for the government in reviewing the application of policies that have been made. Given the social and economic impacts that occur due to the construction and closure of the road under the Janti fly over.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta untuk mewujudkan system mobilitas yang baik guna mengatasi kemacetan yang terjadi salah satunya di persimpangan Janti, Yogyakarta. Dalam implementasinya sebagai pengurai kemacetan, perlu diketahui sejauh mana efektivitas dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari pembangunan fly over Janti. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menyajikan data factual dan sistematis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan tinjauan literature guna menggali informasi dan mengolah lalu menarik kesimpulan sebagaimana metode penelitian kualitatif dilakukan. Urgensi perwujudan kota cerdas di kota-kota lainnya di Indonesia adalah tidak seimbangnya pertumbuhan konsentrasi penduduk dengan perkembangan industrialisasi. System smart mobility yang berbasis teknologi  dirancang untuk mengatur pergerakan transportasi public dan traffic management suatu kota. Penerapan teknologi informasi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan dampak kelancaran dan kenyamanan dalam berlalu lintas. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa fly over Janti merupakan jalan arteri primer yang menjadi penghubung simpang tiga Janti. Pembangunan ini berpengaruh pada sirkulasi lalu lintas yaitu pengurangan tingkat kepadatan kendaraan dan kemacetan. Tak hanya dampak positif namun dampak negative juga dirasakan warga yang bermukim di sekitar fly over terlebih setelah sejak tahun 2017 mulai diberlakukan penutupan jalan di bawah fly over Janti. Hasil dari penelitian ini tentunya bisa menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi pemerintah dalam mengkaji penerapan kebijakan yang telah dibuat. Mengingat dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang terjadi akibat adanya pembangunan dan penutupan jalan di bawah fly over Janti tersebut.

scholarly journals Public Provision of Goods and Services under Cost Uncertainty: The Government’s Bureaucratic Organization

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Silvia Fedeli ◽  
Michele Santoni
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Production ◽  
Bureaucratic Agencies

The digital transition is a challenge that developed countries are currently facing. The transition process is associated with different degrees of uncertainty, which are particularly relevant for changes that have to do with the provision of goods and services produced by public administrations. Our paper uses a partial equilibrium model to study the effects of uncertainty on the public provision of goods and services produced by bureaucratic agencies, including the incentive of the government to consolidate production. We assume that bureaucratic agencies may play either a cooperative game with each other and a non-cooperative game against the government (i.e., a consolidated bureaucracy) or a non-cooperative game with each other and against the government (i.e., competing bureaus). Both the government and the bureaus face tradeoffs between maximizing the electorate preferences and extracting some political and/or bureaucratic rents. We find that a cooperative (competitive) bureaucratic solution depends on the nature of the goods produced. We find that costs’ uncertainty affects the level of public production and the way the policymakers extract their rents.

Health Communication: Implications for Diverse Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Amy Hasselkus
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Care Decisions ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Health Related

The need for improved communication about health-related topics is evident in statistics about the health literacy of adults living in the United States. The negative impact of poor health communication is huge, resulting in poor health outcomes, health disparities, and high health care costs. The importance of good health communication is relevant to all patient populations, including those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Efforts are underway at all levels, from individual professionals to the federal government, to improve the information patients receive so that they can make appropriate health care decisions. This article describes these efforts and discusses how speech-language pathologists and audiologists may be impacted.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

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