scholarly journals Trends in a natural product fucoxanthin

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Bahar Aslanbay Güler ◽  
Esra İmamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
C Complex

Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment which occurs in marine brown seaweeds (macroalgae), diatoms and several microalgae species. It forms with chlorophyll a-c and several proteins, a major fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c complex, which transfers light energy to the photosynthesis center and plays a major role in light harvesting. Recent studies have reported that fucoxanthin has many physiological functions and biological effects, such as anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cardiovascular system protection. Therefore, this pigment is highly preferred for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. In addition, potential applications of high value fucoxanthin can be found in cosmetic, food and feed industries. In this review paper, the historical development, characteristic properties and possible sources of fucoxanthin are extensively described. The potential biological activities of fucoxanthin are also discussed. Finally, brief overview of common applications and market analysis of commercial fucoxanthin are also reported.

scholarly journals The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Mostafa E. Rateb ◽  
Andrew S. Hursthouse ◽  
Gary Thomson ◽  
Mohammed Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Larvicidal Activities of Phlorotannins from Brown Seaweeds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira Negara ◽  
Jae Hak Sohn ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Jae-Suk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Phlorotannins are secondary metabolites produced by brown seaweeds with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and larvicidal activities. Phlorotannins’ structures are formed by dibenzodioxin, ether and phenyl, ether, or phenyl linkages. The polymerization of phlorotannins is used to classify and characterize. The structural diversity of phlorotannins grows as polymerization increases. They have been characterized extensively with respect to chemical properties and functionality. However, review papers of the biological activities of phlorotannins have focused on their antibacterial and antiviral effects, and reviews of their broad antifungal and larvicidal effects are lacking. Accordingly, evidence for the effectiveness of phlorotannins as antifungal and larvicidal agents is discussed in this review. Online databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) were used to identify relevant articles. In total, 11 articles were retrieved after duplicates were removed and exclusion criteria were applied. Phlorotannins from brown seaweeds show antifungal activity against dermal and plant fungi, and larvicidal activity against mosquitos and marine invertebrate larvae. However, further studies of the biological activity of phlorotannins against fungal and parasitic infections in aquaculture fish, livestock, and companion animals are needed for systematic analyses of their effectiveness. The research described in this review emphasizes the potential applications of phlorotannins as pharmaceutical, functional food, pesticide, and antifouling agents.

scholarly journals Uses of Selenium Nanoparticles in the Plant Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Iqra Bano ◽  
Sylvie Skalickova ◽  
Hira Sajjad ◽  
Jiri Skladanka ◽  
Pavel Horky
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
Almost All

Plant production today depends on the ability of agriculturists to transport and recycle minerals, particularly those minerals which are nutritionally important to animals and human beings, through various agriculture products. It is important to note that the attenuation of these mineral deposits by green plants, as well as their subsequent role in the production of organic compounds, is fundamental to almost all known forms of life. Selenium (Se) is among those trace mineral which are crucial for the maintenance of plant physiology. The significance, production, and biological effects of this element, as well as its application in sustainable development, are remaining an interesting topic of discussion. Moreover, there has been a huge rise in the potential applications of nanotechnology in the food and agriculture industries. Several studies have been conducted on the various biological activities of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and their biosynthesis. There is plenty of research performed on the effects of Se in plant nutrition and physiology, but there is a lack of information about the effects of SeNPs in SeNPs toxicity, and other aspects of using SeNPs in agriculture. The current review is focused on recent information related to the effects and fate of SeNPs in agronomy. We also aimed attention at the primary sources and behavior of Se in different environments, such as soil, water, air, and plants. All the data provides an extremely fertile domain for future investigation and research.

Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1663-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ting Lee ◽  
Heng-Chun Kuo ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Ming-Yen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine and Its Homologues. Chemical and Biological Properties. A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Beranová ◽  
Karel Chalupský ◽  
Gustav Entlicher
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Good Substrate ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity

Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) is a stable intermediate in NO formation from L-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS). Apparently, NOHA can be released and serve as a stable reserve NO donor (as a substrate of NOS) or transported and exert its own biological effects. It shows endothelium-dependent as well as endothelium-independent vasorelaxant activity. The latter case indicates that NOHA can be metabolized by pathways independent of NOS. These possibilities are discussed in detail. Of the available NOHA homologues homo-NOHA is a good substrate of NOS while nor-NOHA seems to be a very poor substrate of this enzyme. On the contrary, nor-NOHA exerts arginase inhibitory activity 20 times higher than NOHA whereas homo-NOHA is inactive. Detailed investigation of biological activities of NOHA and its homologues seems to be promising from the pharmacological point of view. A review with 43 references.

scholarly journals Naphthalimide-Containing BP100 Leads to Higher Model Membranes Interactions and Antimicrobial Activity

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Gustavo Penteado Battesini Carretero ◽  
Greice Kelle Viegas Saraiva ◽  
Magali Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Sumika Kiyota ◽  
Marcelo Porto Bemquerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Property A ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Low Toxicity

In a large variety of organisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are primary defenses against pathogens. BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL-NH2), a short, synthetic, cationic AMP, is active against bacteria and displays low toxicity towards eukaryotic cells. BP100 acquires a α-helical conformation upon interaction with membranes and increases membrane permeability. Despite the volume of information available, the action mechanism of BP100, the selectivity of its biological effects, and possible applications are far from consensual. Our group synthesized a fluorescent BP100 analogue containing naphthalimide linked to its N-terminal end, NAPHT-BP100 (Naphthalimide-AAKKLFKKILKYL-NH2). The fluorescence properties of naphthalimides, especially their spectral sensitivity to microenvironment changes, are well established, and their biological activities against transformed cells and bacteria are known. Naphthalimide derived compounds are known to interact with DNA disturbing related processes as replication and transcription, and used as anticancer agents due to this property. A wide variety of techniques were used to demonstrate that NAPHT-BP100 bound to and permeabilized zwitterionic POPC and negatively charged POPC:POPG liposomes and, upon interaction, acquired a α-helical structure. Membrane surface high peptide/lipid ratios triggered complete permeabilization of the liposomes in a detergent-like manner. Membrane disruption was driven by charge neutralization, lipid aggregation, and bilayer destabilization. NAPHT-BP100 also interacted with double-stranded DNA, indicating that this peptide could also affect other cellular processes besides causing membrane destabilization. NAPHT-BP100 showed increased antibacterial and hemolytic activities, compared to BP100, and may constitute an efficient antimicrobial agent for dermatological use. By conjugating BP100 and naphthalimide DNA binding properties, NAPHT-BP100 bound to a large extent to the bacterial membrane and could more efficiently destabilize it. We also speculate that peptide could enter the bacteria cell and interact with its DNA in the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

scholarly journals A Review of Different Aspects of Applying Asphalt and Bituminous Mixes under a Railway Track

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Kazem Jadidi ◽  
Morteza Esmaeili ◽  
Mehdi Kalantari ◽  
Mehdi Khalili ◽  
Moses Karakouzian
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Slab Track ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Design And Construction

Asphalt is a common material that is used extensively for roadways. Furthermore, bituminous mixes have been used in railways, both as asphalt and as mortar. Different agencies and research institutes have investigated and suggested various applications. These studies indicate the benefits of bituminous material under railways, such as improving a substructure’s stiffness and bearing capacity; enhancing its dynamic characteristics and response, especially under high-speed train loads; waterproofing the subgrade; protecting the top layers against fine contamination. These potential applications can improve the overall track structure performance and lead to minimizing settlement under heavy loads. They can also guarantee an appropriate response under high-speed loads, especially in comparison to a rigid slab track. This review paper documents the literature related to the utilization of asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks. This paper presents a critical review of the research in the application of asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks. Additionally, this paper reviews the design and construction recommendations and procedures for asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks as practiced in different countries. This paper also provides case studies of projects where asphalt and bituminous mixes have been utilized in railway tracks. It is anticipated that this review paper will facilitate (1) the exchange of ideas and innovations in the area of the design and construction of railway tracks and (2) the development of unified standards for the design and construction of railway tracks with asphalt and bituminous mixtures.

scholarly journals Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽  
Dhionne C. Gomes ◽  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Jacqueline A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Compounds

Filamentous fungi are known to biosynthesize an extraordinary range of azaphilones pigments with structural diversity and advantages over vegetal-derived colored natural products such agile and simple cultivation in the lab, acceptance of low-cost substrates, speed yield improvement, and ease of downstream processing. Modern genetic engineering allows industrial production, providing pigments with higher thermostability, water-solubility, and promising bioactivities combined with ecological functions. This review, covering the literature from 2020 onwards, focuses on the state-of-the-art of azaphilone dyes, the global market scenario, new compounds isolated in the period with respective biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the innovations of azaphilone cultivation and extraction techniques, as well as in yield improvement and scale-up. Potential applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were also explored.

scholarly journals Biotechnology-Derived Chitosans with Non-Random Patterns of Acetylation Differ from Conventional Chitosans in Their Properties and Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Wattjes ◽  
Sruthi Sreekumar ◽  
Anna Niehues ◽  
Tamara Mengoni ◽  
Ana Carina Loureiro Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Random Patterns

Chitosans are versatile biopolymers with multiple biological activities and potential applications. They are linear copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine defined by their degree of polymerization (DP), fraction of acetylation (<i>F<sub>A</sub></i>), and pattern of acetylation (PA). Technical chitosans produced chemically from chitin possess defined DP and FA but random PA, while enzymatically produced natural chitosans are likely to have non-random PA. This natural process has not been replicated using biotechnology because chitin de-N-acetylases do not efficiently deacetylate crystalline chitin. Here, we show that such enzymes can partially N-acetylate polyglucosamine in the presence of excess acetate, yielding chitosans with <i>F<sub>A</sub></i> up to 0.7 and an enzyme-dependent non-random PA. The biotech chitosans differ from technical chitosans both in terms of physicochemical and nanoscale solution properties and biological activities. As with synthetic block co-polymers, controlling the distribution of building blocks within the biopolymer chain will open a new dimension of chitosan research and exploitation.

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