Distributing and returning mechanism of Soviet cinema in the period of «stagnation»

Servis plus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Марина Косинова ◽  
Marina Kosinova
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Film Distribution ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
The Village ◽  
Creative Team

The article discusses the process of film distribution in Soviet cinema in the 1970s. This complex, multi-path way of the film to the viewer that begins with scenarios of application, and finishes with the replication of film prints. This article describes the mechanism of film award, the system of payment of fees (“production fees”) of the Soviet filmmakers, depending on the category and the payment process “potirazhnye” («printing fees»). The author analyzes the work of «GUKK»- General Directorate of cinema spreading and the distribution, the specifics of its work in the “stagnation”, considering the work of the distribution companies and cinemas, the mechanism of distribution of gross income of cinemas, in the period of “stagnation”, they were rather nominal in nature. Every filmmaker knew only his job and his salary, the overall picture of the industry was not inter-esting for him. Distributing and returning links of Soviet cinema, in essence, were not for its return and were separated from production. According to the notorious principle of thematic planning it was obligatory to make certain proportions of films about the leading role of the party and its leaders, revolution, the working class, the collective farm of the village and etc. The Soviet Studio were to run the movies of similar subjects every year regardless of whether they had appropriate, high-quality scripts, good Directors and, most importantly, potential audience. Based on the studied material the author concludes that in the 1970-ies the Central headquarters of the Soviet cinematography – ​Institute of State cinema of USSR –determined: who, what, where and when to watch at the cinemas. The professional consciousness of each member of the creative team, therefore, did not fix the desire to achieve success with the audience, and the willingness to achieve recognition by the College of the Institute of State cinema and the film award of the highest category (which assumed significant additional benefits and bonuses). However, Institute of State cinema («Goskino»), the state cinema management was not the ultimate authority in the control of cinema industry process. At the head of the system was the Communist party.

scholarly journals October 1917: A Changing Landscape for Peasant Literature. The Role of the Journal Na postu

ENTHYMEMA ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Ornella Discacciati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Village

The article analyzes the role played by the journal "Na postu" in the marginalization of village literature. In the 1920s, the role played by this journal was more important than generally expected, because the editors were able to accelerate and in a certain way guide the government's choices in the cultural sphere. As a result, an entire strand of Russian cultural tradition was obliterated. The village literature writers were slandered and then physically o socially liquidated or replaced with authors ideologically conforming to the new collective farm literature.

scholarly journals The cinematic elements in the collection of Vasyl Symonenko "Silence and thunder"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Dynamic Image ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Village

The article reveals the Intermedia aspects of the collection of V. Symonenko "Silence and thunder", in particular, the incorporation of cinematic elements. The relevance of the topic, its relationship with previous research are proven. The emphasis on the fact that in the sixties of the XX century in Ukraine the rapid development of all kinds of arts caused art diffusion. Poems that belong to the literary clips or contain their characteristics are analyzed: "Millstone", "Mower", "Lover", "Silence and thunder", "Oven". With the help of microanalysis, and the biographical method semantic structure of the poems, especially the clips, their role in the disclosure of the idea are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to the features of portraiture in the collection, portraits are shown in dynamics. The role of the eyes in the dynamic image is emphasized. The cinematic elements in the intimate lyrics of the collection Silence and Thunder are considered.On the basis of observations on literary clips of V. Symonenko a number of conclusions are made. Mini-movies of collection based on peasant subjects at least for two reasons. First, the poet himself is a native of the village, and secondly, there is the influence of Soviet cinema about the village. Obviously, the author proves that the topic of the village can be a ground for broad generalizations. The cinematic material is most often the basis for the author's thoughts, so some of the poems of the book "Silence and thunder" resemble the structure of the fable. Using cinematic elements, the poet emotionally claims his stance, moralize, makes philosophical insights. Literature clips in the book combines the realistic and neo-romantic beginning. Neo-romantic intentions especially filled with footage that cannot be removed through the resources of traditional cinema, need animated effects.

scholarly journals Peran Pendidikan Ekonomi pada Pengrajin Dupa Ratus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Achmad Maulana Adyaksa ◽  
Hari Wahyono ◽  
Cipto Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

<p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> The hundred incense craftsmen in the village of Dalisodo initially had jobs as farmers and ranchers until finally they chose to become hundred craftsmen of incense. The existence of hundred incense craftsmen in the Dalisodo village is very influential on the development of the Dalisodo village especially in the Malang Regency because they are able to produce high quality products and the products are marketed all the way to Bali Island. The method of this research uses qualitative. With this type of approach to femenology. And in determining subjects using puposive sampling. In carrying out every activity, the hundred incense craftsmen possess the role of economic education, including from the family, craftsmen, laborers, and in the hundred incense production process.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Pengrajin dupa ratus di Desa Dalisodo pada awalnya memiliki pekerjaan sebagai petani dan peternak hingga akhirnya mereka memilih menjadi pengrajin dupa ratus. Keberadaan pengrajin dupa ratus di desa Dalisodo sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan di desa Dalisodo, khusunya di wilayah Kabupaten Malang karena mereka mampu memproduksi dengan produk yang sangat berkualitas dan hasil produksi di pasarkan hingga ke Pulau Bali. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan fenomenologi dan dalam menentukan subyek menggunakan <em>puposive sampling</em>. Di dalam melakukan setiap kegiatannya, pengrajin dupa ratus memiliki peran pendidikan ekonomi, meliputi dari dalam keluarga, pengrajin, buruh kerja, dan di dalam proses produksi dupa ratus.

History as an Image: Ecranisation of King Danylo Romanovych

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Nazarii Khrystan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
The Masses

The formation of the Soviet image of the past in the context of the doctrine of «our great ancestors» was extended not only to historiography, fiction and journalism. A special place was occupied by cinema. The Bolsheviks were very early realized the tremendous role of cinema as a means of influencing mass culture. With the help of cinema, the party leadership sought to form a «true» view of reality, thereby educating people in the spirit of «communism and internationalism». Founded in the early 30’s oftheXX century. the genre of historical cinema, became the basis of all Soviet cinema. Rejecting the leading role of the «masses» in the tapes, bolsheviks turn to the biography of outstanding and «progressive» historical personalities, first of all, rulers and generals. Throughout the period of existence of Soviet cinema, the historical biographies of Alexander Nevsky, Ivan the Terrible, Peter I, Michael Kutuzov, Alexander Suvorov and others were filmed. The most important document of the memory of Danylo Romanovich in the era of Soviet patriotism was the film of Ukrainian director Yaroslav Lupiya – «Danylo – Prince Galician». The Film was created in 1987 at the Odessa Film Studio named after O. Dovzhenko. Before us is a work that was supposed to create a stable image of Prince Danylo Halytsky in the consciousness of Ukrainian society. The image is dictated «from above». The ecranisation of Danylo Romanovych requires a detailed study of not only the history of the film, but also the reception of the ruler in the Soviet image. This will allow us to trace and analyze the struggle for the appropriation and stylization of the image in detail, as well as contradictory directions in forming the concept of the «Soviet patriot» of Danylo Halytsky. The figure of King Danylo as well as the political history of the Galician-Volyn was state remained unknown to a wide cinema. In the official historical discourse of the USSR, the image of Danylo Romanovych was used very carefully and only where «party» leadership needed it. Despite the growing interest in the history of Kievan Rus in the cinema, Danylo’s film adaptation resembled his «popularity» in the scientific literature of that time. Certain changes occurred only during the Perestroika period. The directorate of the Odessa film studio named after O.Dovzhenko was interested in the history of the medieval past of Ukraine. Here the Ukrainian director Yaroslav Lupi created his picture «Danylo – Prince Galitsky». The film is considered to be the banner of publicity. The tape appeals to the heroic Ukrainian past of the times of Kyivan Rus and Galicia-Volyn state, which became the shield of Europe against the Mongol-Tatar invasion. On the posters devoted to the premiere of the film, it was indicated that the tape glorifi the famous Ukrainian prince Danylo Halytsky. However, we have doubts about the screen image of the key hero of the Western Ukrainian myth. What was the real stylization of the image of the Old Russian ruler in the eponymous painting that had so long been in the «shadow» of the Soviet historical culture? Keywords: thesoviet image, soviet historical culture, wide cinema, ecranisation of King Danylo Romanovych, historical discourse

The Polish Party in Crisis, 1980–1982

Slavic Review ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Military ◽  
Local Party

Over the last three years, the Polish United Workers’ Party has suffered a major crisis, the most substantial crisis of any Communist party in any Communist party state. The disintegration of the party was at least partly responsible for both the development of Solidarity in the summer of 1980 and the imposition of martial law in December 1981. The lack of trust in the party and its authoritarian and unrepresentative character led the workers to demand an institution more responsive to their own needs. But the growth of Solidarity during 1981 and the continuing disintegration and fragmentation of the party led the military to preempt the leading role of the party in 1982.The collapse of the party in 1980 and 1981 was due to a number of factors. The party leadership had to bear the burden of the economic failures of the late 1970s and the consequent decline in the standard of living. The party itself had grown rapidly in size during that period, even though the influence of ordinary party members and local party organizations declined in the face of increasing tendencies toward centralization in the second half of the decade. This development led to problems of morale even within the party and to the growth of horizontal barriers between the membership and its leaders. The population at large was increasingly annoyed and disgusted with the failure of the party to improve the economic situation and to allow a more honest and open discussion of Poland's problems. The dissatisfaction was compounded by the widespread perception that the elite was increasingly looking after its own interests only and that benefits and privileges were accruing only to those in power.

scholarly journals Demokratyczne państwo prawne i podstawy ustroju demokratycznego w dyskursie Sejmu X kadencj

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-84
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
Council Of State

Democratic rule of law and the foundations of the democratic system in the discourse of the Sejm of the 10th termThe June elections in 1989, as a result of which representatives of the then contemporary opposition circles were introduced to the Po-lish parliament, radically changed the Sejm’s political and legal di-scourse. As a consequence of the December Novelization of Decem-ber 29, 1989, that is the amendment to the Constitution of the Polish People’s Republic of July 22, 1952, the principle of a democratic state ruled by law came into force rejecting the provisions on the leading role of the communist party as well as the alliance with the USSR. Undoubtedly, the changes of the second half of 1989 were a conti-nuation of the changes of the first half of 1989, which then resulted in the so -called April Novelization. Importantly, in the first half of 1989, the arrangements made during the Round Table negotiations initiated the transition, and draft amendments to the constitution were developed by the Council of State. In turn, in the second half of 1989 (i.e. after the so -called June elections), before the debate in the Sejm forum and later in the Senate forum took place, proposals for consti-tutional changes were presented in parliamentary texts, which were the subject of a parliamentary initiative. The aim of this thesis is to present the most important Sejm documents containing the then po-stulates relating to radical changes within the constitution. Particular attention should be paid to the issue of the principle of a democratic rule of law underpinning the new political and legal system.

scholarly journals Studenti i politika

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Miliša ◽  
Andrija Rako ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Show

Investigations in Yugoslavia show that young people in the last decade were losing their utopian visions of socialosm more conspicuously than before. Their distrust in the leading role of the communist party can be seen in the processes of political pluralism in the whole country. Therefore, the most important results of the investigations in the eighties (which are confirmed in our research) show that: 1) The family has the most important influence as to socio-eductional diferentitatio of the young; 2) Increasing religious feelings among young people and; 3) the interest for political life has been decreasing while at the same time the values of family life have been highly appreciated. Scepticism is present towards politics and especially towards political activity.

scholarly journals A supply sided analysis of leading MOOC platforms and universities

2016 ◽  
pp. 158-181
Keyword(s):  
Online Courses ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Education ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The Uk

Investing in education is generally considered as a promising strategy to fight poverty and increase prosperity. This applies to all levels of an economy reaching from individuals to local communities and countries and has a global perspective as well. However, high-quality education is often costly and not available anytime anywhere. Therefore, any promising concept that might help to democratize education is worth pursuing, in a sense that it makes education accessible for everybody without any restrictions. The characteristics attributed to MOOC – Massive Open Online Courses are promising to contribute to this objective. Hence, our objective is to analyse MOOC as it currently operates. Obviously, there is a huge demand for free high-quality education anytime anywhere but a shortage on the supply side. So, we will concentrate on supply-sided effects and study MOOC platforms as well as content providers, particularly universities. We focus our research on some of the leading platforms and universities worldwide. Relative to their size Australia and the Netherlands are very active players in the MOOC sector. Germany is lagging behind and leading universities in the UK seem to virtually refrain from offering MOOC. Our research also shows the leading role of US universities and platform providers.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

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