scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of people toward Japanese Encephalitis in endemic areas of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Sajana Thapa ◽  
◽  
Anucha Sirimalaisuwan ◽  
Kannika Na Lampang ◽  
Veerasak Panyapornwittaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Senior Population ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Factors

Japanese encephalitis is a serious vector borne viral zoonotic disease, particularly in Asia and Northern Australia. In Nepal, JE cases were reported in 63 out of 75 districts up until the year 2005. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) toward JE and associated factors. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on the KAP of people in endemic areas. Accordingly, 397 respondents demonstrated a desirable attitude, while half of the population exhibited desirable knowledge and practices. Age was found to be a significant factor for knowledge, wherein the senior population had better awareness of the vectors of JE. Moreover, education and occupation were found to be significant factors for KAP scores with an increase in level of education leading to an increase in desirable characteristics. This study determined that the characteristics of the surrounding environment were prominent factors. A significant number of people were not aware of the JE vaccine even though the government has made it available to most of the population of Nepal. Thus, more effective awareness programs should be implemented to increase the KAP of the population with regard to JE.

scholarly journals Impact of Government Welfare Schemes on Empowerment of Minority Women in Karnataka

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Niyaz ◽  
Abhinandan Kulal ◽  
Mahammad Thauseef P. ◽  
Abdul Jaleel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose: Even though the government had taken many initiatives for the empowerment of minority women but the success of such initiatives is questionable. A strong tool for perfect empowerment requires financial independence and self-reliant, and this can be achieved only through financial support. With this intention, a present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of awareness and utilisation of various welfare schemes on the empowerment of minority women. Design/Methodology/Approach: A study was conducted in Karnataka by taking 388 minority women as a sample unit. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select sample units and primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Hypotheses are developed to support the primary objective and tested with simple regression analysis. Findings/Result: The study found that minority women have a very low level of awareness and utilisation of government welfare schemes which has adversely affected the overall development of minority women. This study suggested to take awareness programs for minority women in rural areas to achieve overall empowerment in India. Paper Type: Analytical Paper

Japanese Encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Bender
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is an endemic vector-borne (mosquitoes) zoonotic flavivirus disease in Asia with severe neurological manifestations (case fatality rate CFR 20–30%; 30–50% of survivors with serious sequelae). Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and exposes an estimated 3 billion people to the risk of infection. Other regions of the world have conditions suiting JEV without circulation of the virus (yet). Most JEV infections are asymptomatic or only cause mild symptoms. 1 in 250 infections progresses to severe disease for which no specific treatment is yet available. Neutralizing antibodies develop after infection. In endemic areas this occurs usually during childhood followed by subclinical re-exposure with life-long immunity protecting against disease. Disease in adult populations in endemic areas is rare. General prevention includes avoidance of mosquito bites, e.g., repellents, long-sleeved clothes, coils and vaporizers. Vaccine prevention: Neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50 titer ≥ 1:10) is the correlate of protection. Vaccines currently used are live attenuated JE vaccines and recombinant chimeric JE vaccines (mostly in endemic countries) and cell culture-derived inactivated JE vaccines (travelers, endemic countries). As animal reservoirs of the JEV cannot be eradicated, universal vaccination of humans can control the disease in humans. Optimal JE control in endemic countries is limited by issues around vaccine supply, surveillance (burden of disease underestimation), and resource competition / prioritization.

scholarly journals Knowledge, perception and screening of local dye workers regarding urinary bladder cancer in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi ◽  
Divine Lardey Agyemang ◽  
Ernest Adankwah ◽  
Hannah Nyarko ◽  
Derrick Andoh
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background Cancer is the leading cause of death with 7.6 million deaths worldwide annually. About 19% of bladder cancer cases are attributed to environmental and occupational factors. The knowledge of any disease is very vital in the control or prevention of such disease. This study examined the knowledge and perception of urinary bladder cancer among 104 local dye workers in Ghana (Kumasi, Koforidua and Somanya). Methods A well-structured questionnaire was used to measure participants’ knowledge and perception towards bladder cancer. Forty out of the 104 participants were recruited to provide their urine samples for cytomorphological study. Thin smears were prepared and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Respondents were selected based on clinical history and working experience. Result The response rate to the questionnaires was 100% of the 104 respondents interviewed. The respondents had a mean age of 26 years. Overall, about 10% of the respondents in this study had good knowledge levels on bladder cancer and 16% had good perception of the disease. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and educational level of the participants (p < 0.001). Report of the cytomorphological study indicates that none of the samples of the participants screened had cancerous cells. Conclusion The findings suggest that level of knowledge about bladder cancer among local dye workers in this study was low, while their level of perception was just above average.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110367
Author(s):  
Berhanu Tarekegn ◽  
Ayanaw Tamene
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted by sand fly species. It is the third most common vector-borne disease globally. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Ethiopia with an estimated annual incidence ranging from 3700 to 7400 cases. This research aimed to assess the clinical presentations and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis for early diagnosis and timely initiation of management. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory manifestation and diagnostic modalities of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Method: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the clinical presentation and laboratory profiles of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Results: Among a total of 141 enrolled patients in the study, males were affected 13-fold. Most of them were travelers to endemic areas during the winter season for labor work. The mean duration of illness was 48 days. Common symptoms were fever (96.5%), weightless (82.5%), jaundice (18.4%), vomiting/diarrhea (13.5%), and bleeding episodes (11.3%). Splenomegaly was seen in 98.6%, ascites in 35.5%, and lymphadenopathy in 9.9%. Lymphadenopathy was seen significantly in HIV patients (40%). Anemia was seen in 95%, thrombocytopenia in 90.2%, leukopenia in 86.4%, and pancytopenia in 79.4%. Half of the patients had coinfection. Neutropenic sepsis was seen in 21.3%. The diagnosis was made by tissue aspiration in 65% of patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis were young male adults who traveled to the endemic areas seasonally. Fever and splenomegaly were seen as the commonest clinical presentation. Lymphadenopathy occurred in high frequency among HIV co-infected patients. Anemia was the commonest hematologic finding.

Description of the Characteristics of Public’s Knowledge and Perceptions About the Covid-19 Pandemic in the New Normal Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Pariyana Yana ◽  
Mariatul Fadillah ◽  
Zulkarnain ◽  
Apriyani Supia Dewi ◽  
Rani Anggarini
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020.Various stepshave been taken to control the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic that is currentlyhappening in Indonesia. Despite all the efforts of the government and media to educatethe public, the increase in the number of daily cases in Indonesia has not shown adecline. This encourages researchers to assess the level of public knowledge andperceptions because factors have an influence on individual health behavior that cancontribute to pandemic control efforts. This research uses study method observationaldescriptive. The population in this study were 343 people who filled out a researchquestionnaire conducted by the IKM-IKK FK Unsri department. For 251 respondents whofilled out the online questionnaire completely, the mean age was 23.78 ± 7.46, 63.7%female, 63.7% college graduates, 77.7% Muslim, and the majority of occupations arecollege students and students (54.6%). In the assessment of knowledge, 137 people(35.7%) had a good level of knowledge with a mean valueknowledge 13.25 ± 3.2. Themajority of respondents have a good perception, namely 249 people (99.2%) with morethan half showing a positive perception of the risk of infection if not taking precautions,the importance of wearing masks and physical distancing, hand washing behavior, self-isolation, and consumption of nutritious food during the Covid-19 pandemic..

scholarly journals The perception, beliefs and practices toward genitourinary schistosomiasis by inhabitants of selected endemic areas (Edo/Delta States) in south-eastern Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Callistus D. Ukwandu ◽  
O. P. G. Nmorsi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Well-structured questionnaire on the perception, impression and response to genitourinary bilharziasis (Genitourinary schistosomiasis) was administered and explained in local languages: 'Igbo' 'Esan' 'Ezon' Itshekiri and Bini to 33815 inhabitants of selected endemic areas in south-eastern Nigeria from January, 1999 to December, 2001. Out of this number, 3815 (11.3%) were properly filled and returned. About 42.0% of the inhabitants admitted knowledge of the disease, while 14 (0.4%) knew about the aetiologic agent. About 181 (5.0%) who responded, admitted procuring treatment, while 100 (5.0%) declined to seek treatment of any sort. The relationships between water-bodies and human activities, and infection were well discussed. Amongst those who admitted knowledge of the disease but no knowledge of its etiologic agent, declined seeking treatment of any kind, but believe the disease is a natural phenomenon in ones developmental stage and therefore of no morbidity and mortality. Laboratory analysis of urine, faeces, semen and HVS was employed to assess questionnaire responses, and in some cases, physical examination was utilized to augment laboratory analysis in confirming urinal diagnosis. Haematuria was only directly related to egg count in the early part of life. Females were significantly haematuric and excreted more ova than males (p < 0.05). Headache (43.0%) and fever (31.0%) were major clinical signs while sexual pains (22.0%) were the least.

scholarly journals Awareness of the cost of psychotropic medication among doctors: a service evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Shakil Khawaja ◽  
Ishaq Pala ◽  
Jaleel Khaja ◽  
Ray Krishnanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aims and methodCost-effective prescribing is an increasingly important aspect of our practice. A service evaluation was carried out to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of different aspects of cost-effective prescribing among doctors working in the North East London Foundation Trust. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to benchmark knowledge against six standards.ResultsThe survey was completed by 71% of doctors working in adult or old age psychiatry. A total of 2% of doctors stated that they should always take into consideration the price of the drug when prescribing and only 5% of doctors claimed to know the price of medications they prescribe most frequently.Clinical implicationsStrategies to improve the poor level of knowledge and awareness in this area of clinical practice would be of benefit in making the best use of limited financial resources without any detriment to patient care.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Conditions of Small-Scale Hilsa Fishers in the Meghna River Estuary of Chandpur, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12470
Author(s):  
Maruf Ahmed ◽  
Sabrina Jannat Mitu ◽  
Petra Schneider ◽  
Masud Alam ◽  
Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) have become an essential factor behind the well-being of the fishing community, giving fishers their identity as a source of cultural heritage. A field survey was conducted to understand the socio-economic conditions of hilsa fishers at the Meghna river estuary of Chandpur District using well-structured questionnaire interviews (N = 250) with hilsa fishers. The survey revealed that fishers’ livelihoods and living conditions were still below average due to low literacy levels, lack of professional skills, and low incomes. More than two-thirds of the fishers were entirely dependent on hilsa fishing, while more than one-third had between 11 and 20 years of fishing experience. More than two-thirds of the fishers did not have an alternative occupation during ban periods, and the incentives provided by the government were not adequately received by half of the fishers. Fishers were divided into three groups according to their dependence on hilsa fishing. Significant differences were found between these groups in terms of the age of fishers, annual income from fishing, and annual fishing activity days. Therefore, the government, Fisheries cooperatives, NGOs, and other relevant organizations must unite to support fishers for sustainable management.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Food Shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Robert Ngelela Shole
Keyword(s):  
Food Shortage ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Probable Answer ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Globally food shortage is still a problem for instance Africa, the most of popular region in the world still has the highest of under nourished. The probable answer to what are the factors influencing food shortage In Tanzania are not well known and documented. This study sought to assess the factors influencing the food shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality by identifying factors influencing food shortage, determining the status of food availability and accessibility and finding out the possible measures to be taken in order to overcome the problem of food. Structured questionnaire, observation and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries. Generally, this study concludes that food shortage in the study area is influencing by, climate change, bad tradition believe, poor government support, laziness culture, land degradation and infertility land. However, the government should not delay to implement its policies practically especially to the small producers so as to establish strong base on agriculture. Also, the government to employ as many as it can agricultural officers so as to allow farmers to get frequent visitors who will  advise them on how to produce efficiently their products by using irrigation methods and scientific methods like the use of improved seeds.  

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Postpartum terhadap Program Keluarga Berencana di RSUD Dr. Sam Ratulangi Tondano

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrie E. Lukas ◽  
Suzanna P. Mongan ◽  
Freddy W. Wagey
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Abstract: Family planning program is a program of the government of the Republic of Indonesia that aims to achieve a healthy and prosperous family by limiting births. Tondano is the center of Minahasa district and has four sub-districts and population of 70,467 people with a female number of 34,800. Data on women using family planning showed a number of 25,749 people which indicates a large and growing population. This study was aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards the family planning program. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained by using questionnaire as the instrument. Respondents were 50 postpartum mothers who came to Dr. Sam Ratulangi Hospital Tondano and were willing to fill in the distributed questionnaires. The results showed that 92% of responsdents had good knowledge and 8% had poor knowledge. Meanwhile, based on the attitudes of respondents, 70% of them were positive and 30% were negative. In conclusion, family planning services based on the level of knowledge and attitudes of postpartum mothers at Dr. Sam Ratulangi Hospital Tondano were good or above average. Albeit, postpartum mothers who had good knowledge may not necessarily had good attitudes.Keywords: family planning, contraception, knowledge, attitude Abstrak: Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) bertujuan untuk membentuk gerakan keluarga sehat dan sejahtera dengan cara membatasi kelahiran. Tondano merupakan pusat dari Kabupaten Minahasa dan memiliki empat kecamatan dengan populasi sebesar 70.467 jiwa dan jumlah perempuan sebesar 34.800 jiwa. Data perempuan yang memakai KB ialah 25.749 jiwa. Data tersebut menunjukkan jumlah penduduk yang banyak dan terus bertambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu postpartum terhadap program KB di RSUD Dr. Sam Ratulangi Tondano. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Responden penelitian ialah ibu postpartum yang datang di RSUD Dr. Sam Ratulangi Tondano dan bersedia mengisi kuesioner yang dibagikan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total 50 responden. Sebanyak 92% ibu memiliki pengetahuan baik dan 8% memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik. Untuk pengukuran sikap dari responden, sebanyak 70% wanita bersikap positif dan 30% yang bersikap negatif. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah bahwa pelayanan KB berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu di RSUD Dr. Sam Ratulangi Tondano sudah baik atau di atas rata-rata. Walaupun demikian ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan baik belum tentu memiliki sikap yang baik.Kata kunci: keluarga berencana, kontrasepsi, pengetahuan, sikap

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