scholarly journals Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
AWADIA ALDOW RAMADAN HAMED ◽  
SALMA ELGHALI MUSTAFA
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
The Impact

Hamed AAR, Mustafa SE. 2018. Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 16: 1-7. Pectin is characterized as intricate blends of polysaccharides that compose around 33% of the cell-wall dry substance of most kind of plants. This study was done to extricate pectin from completely ripen pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) using two distinct techniques; soxhlet acid extraction technique and acid extraction technique, and to find out the impact of utilizing distinctive acids on the yield of pectin; nitric and citric acids were utilized. In addition, to analyze the impact of time in pectin yield, the extraction procedure was carried out using 3 different times, namely, 30, 60 and 90 min. The chemical substances of pumpkin peel (dampness, ash, protein, fat, fiber, total sugar and calcium) and the chemical properties of pectin (methoxyl content, acetyl content, identical weight and level of esterification) extracted with both nitric and citric acids were also identified. The outcomes produced by the soxhlet acid extraction technique and acid extraction technique were 7.72% nitric acid and 6.80% citric acid, and 6.24% nitric acid and 5.36% citric acid respectively which demonstrated that the utilization of soxhlet acid extraction technique with nitric acid got the highest yield of pectin. Additionally it was also discovered that the time for pectin extraction was 60 min at very most. The outcome for the chemical substances of pumpkin peel (dampness, fiery remains, protein, fiber, fats, add up to sugar and calcium) were 20.1, 7.1, 3.2, 10.15, 2.3, 57.15 and 0.308% respectively. The examination discovered that the chemical properties of pectin extracted with both nitric and citric acid were for equivalent weight (1250 and1250 g/mol), methoxyl content (6.20 and 6.29%), acetyl contain (0.43 and 0.43%) and the level of esterification (66.53 and 66.57%) respectively. The outcome got from this examination showed that pectin extracted from pumpkin peel is with high quantity and quality and is promising for commercial production.

scholarly journals Portable PCR field-based detection of sweetpotato viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374
Author(s):  
J. Ssengo ◽  
P. Wasswa ◽  
S.B. Mukasa ◽  
A. Okiror ◽  
S. Kyamanywa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
The Impact

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) production is greatly constrained by viral infections, especially Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus that synergistically cause a severe sweetpotato virus disease. The impact of viruses is aggravated by the vegetative nature of the crop and inaccessibility to dependable diagnostic tools in rural areas where sweetpotato production is done. This makes it hard for seed inspectors to perform quality checks prior to use of vines for planting. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure that allows for detection of sweetpotato viruses on-site. This involved modification of the Lodhi et al. (1994) nucleic acid extraction procedure, by omitting some of the laboratory specific steps and varying the incubation time in liquid nitrogen, instead of the freezer. Incubation in liquid nitrogen for only 1.5 hours yielded as high quality RNA compared to that of the original protocol, when incubation was done at 4°C overnight in a freezer. Reverse transcriptase (RT) was run using a portable miniPCR thermocycler; and the resulting cDNA was amplified using this miniPCR machine instead of using a laboratory stationed conventional PCR thermocycler. The cDNA was efficiently amplified and amplicons were similar to those obtained with the original extraction protocol and subsequent amplification by the conventional RT-PCR. Our protocol reduced extraction time from about 16 hours for the original protocol, to about 2 hours and 45 minutes. If this tool is utilised by the crop protection departments, we believe it will contribute greatly towards sustainable sweetpotato production through making timely recommendations.

scholarly journals Impact of two different commercial DNA extraction methods on BK virus viral load

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Bergallo ◽  
Ilaria Galliano ◽  
Elisa Loiacono ◽  
Francesca Ferro ◽  
Paola Montanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
The Impact

Background and aim: BK virus, a member of human polyomavirus family, is a worldwide distributed virus characterized by a seroprevalence rate of 70-90% in adult population. Monitoring of viral replication is made by evaluation of BK DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Many different methods can be applied for extraction of nucleic acid from several specimens. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two different DNA extraction procedure on BK viral load. <br />Materials and methods: DNA extraction procedure including the Nuclisens easyMAG platform (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) and manual QIAGEN extraction (QIAGEN Hilden, Germany). BK DNA quantification was performed by Real Time TaqMan PCR using a commercial kit. <br />Result and discussion: The samples capacity, cost and time spent were compared for both systems. In conclusion our results demonstrate that automated nucleic acid extraction method using Nuclisense easyMAG was superior to manual protocol (QIAGEN Blood Mini kit), for the extraction of BK virus from serum and urine specimens.

scholarly journals Comparing the Chemical Characteristics of Pectin Isolated from Various Indonesian Fruit Peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Siti Susanti ◽  
Anang Mohamad Legowo ◽  
Nurwantoro Nurwantoro ◽  
Silviana Silviana ◽  
Fahmi Arifan
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Mango Peel ◽  
Increasing Demand

The Indonesian pectin manufacturing industry is underdeveloped, and pectin is imported to meet its increasing demand; we attempted to isolate pectins from various fruit peels, such as orange peel (OP), papaya peel (PP), mango peel (MP), watermelon peel (WP), and chayote peel (CP) and investigated their chemical characteristics (equivalent weight of the extracted pectins and their moisture, ash, methoxyl, and galacturonic acid (GA) contents). Acid extraction, purification, precipitation, and drying processes were used to process the isolated pectins. We examined their chemical properties for conformance to quality standards advised by the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA). The moisture (except OP pectin) and ash contents (except PP pectin) of the extracted pectins were within the limit set by IPPA. However, the equivalent weight (W eq) of any of the isolated pectins did not satisfy IPPA standards. The methoxyl contents of the pectins isolated from OP, WP, and CP satisfied IPPA standards. High methoxyl pectins were isolated from PP and MP. The galacturonic acid contents of the isolated pectins were higher than the acceptable limit of the GA level. Thus, OP, PP, MP, WP, and CP are potential sources of pectin.

scholarly journals Physico chemical properties of irradiated i-SANEX diluents

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eros Mossini ◽  
Elena Macerata ◽  
Marco Giola ◽  
Luigi Brambilla ◽  
Chiara Castiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrate Anion ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Nitric Acid Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The development of effective processes to recover minor actinides from spent nuclear fuel cannot leave out of consideration the evaluation of the impact of ionizing radiations on safety, fluid dynamics and extraction efficiency. It is common knowledge from the literature that radiation damage mainly affects the diluents and, indirectly, the extractants [1], but a lack of knowledge remains regarding the radiolytic behavior of innovative selective actinide extraction (i-SANEX) diluents [2, 3]. As natural prosecution of the work already performed on diluted nitric acid solutions [4], 0.44 M nitric acid solutions were irradiated in contact with a mixture of kerosene + 5 vol.% 1-octanol by a Co-60 source at 2.5 kGy/h dose rate and up to 100 kGy absorbed dose, conditions of interest for the future industrial facility. Density, viscosity, acidity, nitrate anion concentration and phase transfers were systematically measured before and after γ-irradiation. This was performed because radiation-induced modifications of these parameters may induce alterations of both the fluid dynamics and the separation performances of the extracting system. The results suggest that the fluid-dynamics of the system should be unaltered. In fact, only slight alterations of the organic phase viscosity and of the aqueous phase acidity were measured after irradiation, suggesting the occurrence of limited phase transfers and of diluent by-products formation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Karol Leluk ◽  
Stanisław Frąckowiak ◽  
Joanna Ludwiczak ◽  
Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.

scholarly journals Ingredient-Dependent Extent of Lipid Oxidation in Margarine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sarah Fruehwirth ◽  
Sandra Egger ◽  
Dennis Kurzbach ◽  
Jakob Windisch ◽  
Franz Jirsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

This study reports the impact of margarine-representative ingredients on its oxidative stability and green tea extract as a promising antioxidant in margarine. Oil-in-water emulsions received much attention regarding factors that influence their oxidative stability, however, water-in-oil emulsions have only been scarcely investigated. Margarine, a widely consumed water-in-oil emulsion, consists of 80–90% fat and is thermally treated when used for baking. As different types of margarine contain varying additives, their impact on the oxidative stability of margarine during processing is of pressing importance. Thus, the influence of different ingredients, such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, citric acid, β-carotene and NaCl on the oxidative stability of margarine, heated at 80 °C for 1 h to accelerate lipid oxidation, was analyzed by the peroxide value and oxidation induction time. We found that monoglycerides influenced lipid oxidation depending on their fatty acyl chain. α-Tocopheryl acetate promoted lipid oxidation, while rosemary and green tea extract led to the opposite. Whereas green tea extract alone showed the most prominent antioxidant effect, combinations of green tea extract with citric acid, β-carotene or NaCl increased lipid oxidation in margarine. Complementary, NMR data suggested that polyphenols in green tea extracts might decrease lipid mobility at the surface of the water droplets, which might lead to chelating of transition metals at the interface and decreasing lipid oxidation.

Enrichment of hydrogen production from fruit waste biomass using ozonation assisted with citric acid

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110103
Author(s):  
Anbazhagan Sethupathy ◽  
Pushkar Kumar Pathak ◽  
Palani Sivashanmugam ◽  
Chelliah Arun ◽  
Jayakumar Rajesh banu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acid Dosage

In this study, the impact of ozonation abetted with the citric acid pretreatment (OZCAP) method on fruit waste was investigated for ameliorating hydrogen production. Initially, the ozonation pretreatment (OZP) method was performed by varying ozone (O3) dosage and disintegration time. At optimized conditions (O3 dosage (0.04 g/g suspended solid; SS) and disintegration time (40 minutes)), 17.6% of liquefied organics emancipate rate (LER) and 13.5% of SS reduction were perceived. Further augmenting LER of fruit waste, OZCAP method was proceeded by varying citric acid dosage and disintegration time at an optimized OZP dosage (0.04 g/g SS). A higher LER (24.4%) and SS reduction (19%) were described at an optimal citric acid dosage (0.03 g/g SS) and disintegration time (20 minutes). Then, the hydrogen production potential of OZCAP, OZP and raw fruit waste were evaluated in which OZCAP method exhibited a higher cumulative hydrogen production (30 mL/g volatile solids). Energy valuation reveals that OZCAP method exhibited a net energy of 3.7 kWh/kg of fruit waste.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of exposure to environmental contaminants on human health

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Silkworth ◽  
J F Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Substances ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Humans are exposed daily to low concentrations of many different chemical substances, natural and some man-made. Although many of these substances can be toxic at high levels, typical exposures are far below the effect levels. The responses produced by man-made aromatic hydrocarbon receptor agonists, such as dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are also produced, often to greater extents [corrected], by naturally occurring constituents of fried meat, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, cocoa, and curry. Our society seems to be concerned about the health risks associated only with the synthetic chemicals, regardless of their proportional contribution to the total agonist activity, and regulates on the basis of such concerns. It would be more protective of the public health to determine acceptable concentrations for each type of response, regardless of the origin of the inducing agent, and issue advisories or regulations accordingly.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.

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