Decolonizing the knowledges of young children through the temporal arts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Arculus
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Improvised Music ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Original Event

In this article I take a new materialist and posthuman approach to ask: how can improvisation in the temporal arts reconceptualize and broaden our adult understandings of young children’s communication and knowledge? I draw on two filmed events from the recent SALTmusic project. This filmed event data has been returned to many times to illustrate unique and particular events that took place in the past, but ‐ when re-viewed and retold ‐ constitute a new and particular happening or entanglements between the original event, the video technology that brings the past into the present, and the philosophical thinking that the events inspire. In the first part of this article, I critique the fixation on young children being made to talk as early as possible, and call for improvised music and arts practices as decolonizing pedagogies where children’s own knowledges are able to inform and shape their education. By revisiting Trevarthen and Malloch’s Communicative Musicality and Stern’s ideas on vitality affect and the present moment to see how they entangle and transform within new materialist and posthuman philosophy, I question and critique the developmental discourses that conceptualize young children’s musical behaviours as proto-music and, instead, frame the temporal arts, within a posthumanism, as having the potential to cut through the subject/object binary. I explore children’s porous and entangled subjectivities, through the posthuman idea that human identity and human thought connect and are made and remade beyond the individual, bounded human subject, and that children’s relationship with the present moment is a vital capability or knowledge at the heart of what it means to improvise and much more than a developmental stage.

Young children: the visibility paradox

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Corinne May-Chahal ◽  
Emma Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Image Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
The Subject

This chapter reviews what is known about child sexual abuse media, with a particular focus on the abuse of young children (those under the age of 10). Young children are seldom the subject of research on sexual violence, yet the online-facilitated sexual abuse of these children is known to exist. In the past, child sexual abuse has been described as a hidden phenomenon that is made visible through a child's disclosure or evidence in and on their bodies. Online child sexual victimisation (OCSV) experienced by young children is still hidden in this traditional sense but at the same time highly visible through images that are both detached from the child yet traumatically attached through their creation and continued circulation throughout childhood. Indeed, most of what can be known about OCSV and younger children is through analyses of images harvested online and analyses of law enforcement and non-governmental organisation (NGO) image databases. These sources suggest that OCSV involving young children is different from that experienced by those who are older. It more often involves parents, carers, and family members; it is legally and developmentally impossible for children to consent to it; and images and videos of the abuse are more likely to be trafficked.

Suffrage Provisions in State Constitutions

1919 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Kirk H. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Expert Advice ◽  
General Outline ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vain Attempt ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Similar Legislation

Within recent years there has been a tendency to give more careful attention to the technique of legislation. In the past proposed laws have often been prepared by legislators who knew what they wanted, but were not able to express their wishes in scientifically constructed form. It is desirable of course that representatives of the people should determine legislative policy; and yet it is not counter to any intelligent principle of democracy that the drafting of bills should be done by experts who can put in brief though adequate phrases the essence of what the technically unskilled representative may want. It should be their task to use political machinery intelligently, and to warn the overzealous advocate against using it in a vain attempt to achieve an end which mayhap cannot be secured through political machinery at all. It is right that the people, through democratic channels of popular assemblies, should determine what they want; but it is no less proper that use should be made of those with special training to formulate ways and means.Some states have already established legislative reference bureaus which do the work of bill drafting. The individual legislator goes to the bureau with a general outline of a law he has in mind. The bureau renders expert advice on the subject matter of the bill, if such advice is wanted, and proceeds to draft a measure embracing the subject in hand. The staff connected with the bureau should be prepared to offer advice as to the constitutionality of the proposed law, to cite precedents in other states if such can be found, and to express an opinion as to the probable attitude of the courts when interpreting it. Information should be at hand regarding the experience of other states, or indeed other countries, with similar legislation.

ON THE SUBJECT OF ORDERLY OR LAWFUL BEHAVIOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
C. ANDERSON ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The problem of orderly and lawful behavior in young children has been faced realistically. It has been pointed out that infants and young children are influenced by two sets of codes: one, those prescribed by civilized man, and the other by their own inherent growth impulses. The characteristics of the two codes were mentioned, pointing out that the former were of recent origin, extremely variable in different geographic, cultural and even medical situations, and were imposed from without; and that the latter were of extreme antiquity, were on the whole consistent in every social set-up, and exerted their force from within the individual. It was shown that when the two systems regulating child behavior conflict, it is necessary either to train the child to ignore his growth urges in an effort to conform to social dictates or to modify these requirements. The growth demands cannot be changed. The methods by which a child can be made to conform are by persuasion, including example and guidance, or by corporal punishment, neither of which is a perfect method. Illustrations of many aspects of behavior in the young child in which conflict commonly is found were cited to give some idea of in how many respects young children may be confused or frustrated with resulting unapproved behavior. It was emphasized that much of this might be prevented by relatively unimportant changes in the man-made codes. It should be emphasized again that the whole purpose of this discussion is to make conformity to our laws possible and to insist that no child today can grow up doing entirely as he pleases. The adjustments called for are often merely those of timing, of demanding conformity at a later, more reasonable developmental stage.

scholarly journals Nihilisme identitaire dans Lord of the Flies de William Golding et A Slight Ache de Harold Pinter

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Maurice Gning
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Poststructuralist Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lord Of The Flies ◽  
The Individual

Two works of the mid-twentieth-century British literature form the corpus of this study, namely Lord of the Flies (1954) by the English William Golding and A Slight Ache (1961) by his contemporary and compatriot Harold Pinter. Based on the issue of nihilism as defined by Nietzsche and on the poststructuralist theory of the death of the subject, it aims to analyze how the two postmodern writers, Golding and Pinter, stress the emptiness of the human identity resulting from the collapse of the Western culture. The analysis shows that, in order to reveal this identity vacuity, the two authors make use of strategies at first sight different, but that prove to be basically similar. This identity emptiness is beforehand expressed by the emptiness of the fiction space, the isolation of characters and the justified absence of traditional points of reference that could constitute the base of the societies they attempt to form. The predictable collapse of these societies discloses the strange face of the individual behind it, and unveils the kingdom of nothingness foregrounded, in both works, by the image of darkness and chaos.

scholarly journals Kanohi ki te kanohi - Face to face: frameworks from tikanga Māori meet viewpoints improvisations, shocking the theatrical encounter into alive-li-ness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ann Mary Ruth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Actor Training ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peter Brook ◽  
Creative Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

<p>How can we make theatre that sizzles with life that is kinaesthetically and viscerally experienced? As artists in the theatre our work is to combat the falling back into the habitual. We need to wake ourselves up, to see anew, to respond out of the moment: not out of memory (reaching into the past) nor out of desire (reaching into the future), both of which produce what Peter Brook has famously described as ‘deadly’ theatre. How can we consistently produce work that combats these ‘deadly’ tendencies?   Further, can we create work that is simultaneously artistically structured or fixed, created within the moment so that artistry and improvisation combine? This thesis investigates structures derived from the rituals of the New Zealand Māori, combined with choreography arising out of Viewpoints improvisations, testing them out in the context of actor training, predominantly at Toi Whakaari: New Zealand Drama School. Together they provide a framework for theatrical work that anchors actors to the present moment. They refocus performers’ attention towards purpose rather than performance. They allow the artistically structured to coexist with the improvisationally free, engendering a sense of pulsing life, a quality I am calling 'alive-li-ness'. They re-frame the audience-performer relationship, drawing the audience from observation towards a more participatory stance, where the performance becomes a journey undertaken together. This is a creative research thesis in which my own performative research underlies the critical and theoretical examination through a series of productions. Through them I am able to test out this thesis both in performance and on the rehearsal floor, forming the spine of the thesis.  I begin with examining theatrical improvisation, the form in which the future is genuinely unknown, the qualities that characterise it and the structures that support it. I explore a variety of forms and uses of improvisation, seeking the underlying attributes of improvisers at their most effective. I then explore the possibility of those qualities co-existing in work where structures such as an extant text and a fixed choreography are used, focusing firstly on the structures and qualities derived from Māori frameworks, then from those arising from Viewpoints. Finally I bring these frameworks together in a series of productions, testing their efficacy in relationship.  In combining these two approaches I have developed a powerful tool for creating performance that is immediate and visceral, the attention of the performer firmly anchored to purpose and the present moment, playfully, without self-consciousness or undue tension. In this approach the life engendered lies with the ensemble rather than the individual artist. These frameworks advance our understanding of ways in which this immediacy can be achieved within artistic structures and are shown to be transferable to other contexts. By following a clear sense of purpose and focus on the audience, giving precise attention to choreography and timing, the actor is freed from the siren call of memory and the equally seductive temptation to plan the future, and is thereby held in a precise and vital engagement with the present.</p>

scholarly journals Comportamento suicida: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Revisiting suicidal behaviour: a narrative review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Alexandre Daher Gonçalves Monteiro dos Reis ◽  
Gustavo Yamin Fernandes ◽  
Fernando Augusto Nakazato Hokama ◽  
Felipe Zocatelli Yamamoto ◽  
Guilherme Cavazzani Vaccarezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introdução: O comportamento suicida não abrange apenas o desfecho letal, mas um conjunto de eventos, com tendência teórica a escalonamento, denominado espectro suicida. Portanto, pode-se considerar a tentativa como parte da mesma afecção que o suicídio consumado. Encontra-se entre as principais etiologias de óbito entre adolescentes e adultos jovens, mas também acomete consideravelmente a população geriátrica. Além disso, nosso país figura no topo do ranking de números absolutos de ocorrências, com indícios de inclinação a aumento. Objetivo/Metodologia: O presente trabalho propôs revisão da literatura acerca do tema, utilizando a base de dados “PUBMED” e considerando artigos brasileiros e internacionais da última década. O cerne bibliográfico foi estruturado a partir de pesquisa via palavras-chave, com subsequente seleção da amostra obtida e ampliação, considerando referências utilizadas nos artigos- -base. O substrato final reuniu 47 artigos, abordando as características da enfermidade e dos impactados por ela, bem como estratégias populacionais de controle. Resultados: Múltiplos fatores de risco podem, e geralmente têm, envolvimento síncrono, mas o maior relevo pertence a tentativas de suicídio prévias e transtornos psiquiátricos. Determinadas características do indivíduo também contribuem na elaboração de perfil de risco. Já o método adotado pode tanto sofrer influência de determinado grupo epidemiológico quanto influenciar o curso de evolução mórbida. Classicamente, as tentativas contam com supremacia feminina, em oposição ao desfecho letal, fenômeno dominado por homens idosos. Ambos, empreendidos, amiúde, no próprio domicílio do paciente. Diferentes metodologias de predição do transtorno já foram empregadas, não se obtendo resultados plenamente satisfatórios, contudo. Até um quarto dos pacientes não exterioriza a intenção suicida ao seu médico, reforçando a relevância de estratégias preventivas e de rastreio. Conclusão: Infelizmente, no Brasil, os sub-registros compõem empecilho adicional às iniciativas de prevenção primária e secundária. Destarte, enquanto as dimensões adversas não forem apequenadas, faz-se pertinente a constante rememoração do tema e de sua magnitude.Descritores: Suicídio, Tentativa de suicídio, Ideação suicida, Prevenção do comportamento autodestrutivo, Fatores de riscoABSTRACTIntroduction: Suicidal behavior not only refers to the lethal outcome, but a set of events, with a theoretical tendency to progression, called the Suicidal Spectrum. Therefore, the attempt can be considered as part of the same condition as the consummate suicide. It is a major etiology for the death of adolescents and young adults, but also affects the geriatric population considerably. In addition, our country is at the top of the ranking of absolute numbers of occurrences, with indications of a tendency to increase. Aim/Methods: The present article proposes a literary review about the matter, using PUBMED’s platform and taking into consideration local and international publications from the past tem years. The bibliography core was built through a keyword guided research, followed by result’s filtration and expansion, using original article’s references and related manuscripts. The final compilation gathered 47 papers, addressing disease’s and patient’s characteristics, as well as potential populational policies. Results: Multiple risk factors can, and are often, involved concomitantly, with special attention given to previous suicide attempts and psychiatric disorders. Features of the individual also contribute to outline risk profiles. The means adopted can both be influenced by epidemiological characteristics and influence the course of morbid evolution. Classicaly, while attempts have a stronger association with women, self-induced deaths are more seen among men, seniors, above all. Regardless of the tenor of the action, the site of preference seems to be the own’s patient home. Different approaches to the issue have already been attempted, never achieving outright success, however. Up to a quarter of patients do not externalize suicidal intent to their physician, reinforcing the relevance of preventive and screening strategies. Conclusion: Unfortunately, in Brazil, sub-registries settle additional impediment to primary and secondary prevention strategies planning. Therefore, while the issue’s proportions remain unrestrained, the subject must be often revisited.Keywords: Suicide, Suicide attempt, Suicidal ideation, Prevention of self-injurious behavior, Risk factors

scholarly journals Gardens in “Trilistniks” (trefoils) by I. Annensky (on “real” and symbolic meaning of the image)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lyrical Subject ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The Individual

The development of garden space at Annensky contributes to an understanding of the individual symbolism of the poet and the principles of organizing semantic unity of the “Trilistniks” (trefoils). In the first trilistniks, the subject occupies an ambivalent position of attraction and repulsion in relation to the garden space (flowers, birds, earth). The intensity of color and smell, as well as the principle of contrast, oxymoron, are important in the description. The garden refers to biblical mythology (“Trefoil of temptation”). Nature is renewed, and man cannot get rid of the burden of the “evil” past and the idea of inevitability of death (“Sentimental trefoil”). Observing the phenomenon of light and shade in the garden, the lyrical “I” thinks about the existence of the world simultaneously outside and inside a man (“Lunar trefoil”). The garden in the “Trefoil of doomness” dedicated to the perception of time is a closed space, “the door is clogged there.” Gardens are gradually growing dim, become flatter, empty and move inside the consciousness of a lyrical subject (sleep, nonsense, fiction). The flowers on the window, the dead garden and the sky are perceived as solid, frozen surfaces (“Ghostlike trefoil”). The image of the garden takes on fantastic features: the old manor is placed in the space of a fairy tale (“Trefoil from the old notebook”), shadows in the garden turn into ghosts of the past and are condensed (“Spring trefoil”). “Trefoil of the loneliness,” the last in the series, is dedicated to the issue of alienation of a modern man from natural world and people, the bright image of the garden (lilacs, sun, bees) is located outside the personal space of the “I.”

Considerations with regard to Hereditary Influence

1863 ◽  
Vol 8 (44) ◽  
pp. 482-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Maudsley
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Fact ◽  
The Future ◽  
Giordano Bruno ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Although the axiom ex nihilo nihil fit may unquestionably in strict logic be pronounced to be a pure assumption, for as much as it is not impossible that an enlarged experience may sometime furnish us with an instantia contradictoria, yet it is plainly necessary within the compass of human knowledge to consider it an established truth. Within human ken there is, indeed, no beginning, no end; the past is developed in the present, and the present in the prediction of the future; cause produces effect, and effect in its turn becomes cause. Dust is man, and to dust he returns; the individual passes away, but that out of which he is created does not pass away. The decomposition of one compound is the production of another, and death is an entrance into a new being. This is no new truth, although modern science is now for the first time making good use of it; the earlier Grecian philosophers distinctly recognised it, and it has many times been plainly enunciated since their time. “All things,” said Empedocles, “are but a mingling and a separation of the mingled, which are called birth and death by ignorant mortals.” Plato expressed himself in like manner; and the plain statement of the truth was one of the heresies of the unfortunate Giordano Bruno. The imagination of Shakspeare, faithful to the scientific fact, traces the noble dust of Alexander till it is found stopping a bung-hole, and follows imperious Caesar till he patches a hole to keep the wind away. The immortality of matter and of force is an evident necessity of human thought.

Nitroparaffins and Derivatives as Heat-Sensitizers for Rubber Latices

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Arthur William Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Heat Sensitization

Abstract Recent research has made various nitroparaffins and their derivatives available in commercial quantities, and large-scale applications for the materials are rapidly being found. A considerable number of these compounds cause heat sensitization in rubber latices, a phenomenon that has been produced in the past by a number of materials, and is used extensively at present in the manufacture of foamed-rubber products. The use of nitroparaffins in this application is quite new, however, and has recently been the subject of extensive experimentation in this laboratory. In compounded latices it is not unusual to find three or more different materials, each with a definite purpose. In a study such as this, the use of completely compounded latices would unduly complicate the problem; so an effort was made to avoid these complications by running preliminary tests on the individual ingredients alone in a latex-nitroparaffin mix. It was found that gelling could not be produced by a nitroparaffin alone, even though the test mixtures were heated for considerable periods at 80–90° C. However, addition of a small proportion of zinc oxide to these mixes quickly induced gelling. It was also found that the oxides and hydroxides of the elements of Periods 2–6 of the Second Group of the Periodic Table gave results similar to those obtained with zinc oxide:

A SURVEY OF GENETICS AS IT APPLIES TO PROBLEMS IN MEDICINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-218
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

GENETICS is the study of heritable variation. The ultimate form the organism takes, its phenotype, is the result of environmental influences imposed upon the potentialities determined by the inherited genetic material, the genotype. Since the inherited capacities are fixed at the time of fertilization and in general do not change throughout the life of the organism, while the environment is ever variable, the study of genetics cannot help but offer an important source of information concerning biological mechanisms. The impact of genetics upon medicine has not been very great in the past, but an increasing interest in the metabolic aspects of disease has led to a recognition of the genetic control of such processes, and it is probable that in the future this subject will become increasingly important. The civilization of man has been exemplified by an increasing concern with the preservation of the life and well-being of individuals, and physicians have emerged as an agency for the counteraction of the action of natural selection. Natural selection may be visualized as limiting extravagant variation, while conserving the latent capacity to vary according to changing environmental requirements. In medicine we seek ways to alter the environment for particular individuals so as to increase and preserve their ability to survive and to reproduce, thereby maintaining variants which might be otherwise eliminated. The contribution to biological variability of the genetic material has been the subject of much study, and it has been pointed out that the favorable or unfavorable selective value of particular genes may best be expressed in terms of their influence upon the ability of the individual to reproduce.

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