scholarly journals Endocrine, energy, and lipid status during parturition and early lactation in indigenous goats native to the Algerian Sahara

2021 ◽  
pp. 2419-2426
Author(s):  
Kamilia Henna ◽  
Sofiane Boudjellaba ◽  
Farida Khammar ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Didier Chesneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aim: Goats are widely distributed in southwest Algeria. The Saharan goat is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of arid areas, and it is characterized by resistance to long photoperiod and reduced metabolic needs, allowing the survival of its offspring by maintaining lactation. Several studies have demonstrated that parturition and lactation are critical periods that induce hormone, energy, and lipid status changes in mammals. However, the relationship between the blood biochemical parameters of parturition control and lactation functions in the Algerian Saharan goat has not been thoroughly documented. Therefore, this study assesses hormone and metabolite levels during parturition and early lactation in Saharan goats reared in arid areas. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on 14 multiparous female goats, and blood samples were collected during parturition, 4 days postpartum (D1PP-D4PP), and during the first 12 weeks of lactation (W1-W12) to analyze prolactin, cortisol, glucose (GLU), total proteins (TP), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TGs), total lipids (TL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and very LDLs (VLDLs). Results: Statistical data analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma prolactin concentrations at W1 after parturition, reaching maximum values at W3 and W9, and remained high until W12 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were high at parturition, reaching two peaks at W3 and W9, and then decreased at W5, W7, and W12 of lactation. No significant changes were found in serum GLU levels during the first 7 weeks of lactation compared with parturition day; then, the levels became significantly (p<0.05) lower at W8, W11, and W12 of lactation. Plasma TP increased significantly (p<0.05) at D3PP, W1, and W4, then decreased significantly (p<0.05) at W8. In addition, this decrease coincided with that of GLU production. Serum CHO, TGs, TL, LDLs, and VLDLs, were low at parturition and high at D4PP and during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, HDL levels were low at D3PP, 1st, and 3rd months and high at the 2nd month of lactation. Conclusion: This study emphasized the impact of parturition and the 1st weeks of lactation on endocrine and metabolic changes in indigenous goats living in the Algerian Sahara Desert. These results can be used to monitor and improve farming management and understand physiological adaptive strategies, mainly lactation function sustainability, of this goat living in marginal zones.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins and the Kidney

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Arianna Strazzella ◽  
Alice Ossoli ◽  
Laura Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lcat Deficiency ◽  
Progression Of Renal Disease ◽  
The Impact

Dyslipidemia is a typical trait of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is typically characterized by reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol(c) levels. The low HDL-c concentration is the only lipid alteration associated with the progression of renal disease in mild-to-moderate CKD patients. Plasma HDL levels are not only reduced but also characterized by alterations in composition and structure, which are responsible for the loss of atheroprotective functions, like the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. The interconnection between HDL and renal function is confirmed by the fact that genetic HDL defects can lead to kidney disease; in fact, mutations in apoA-I, apoE, apoL, and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) are associated with the development of renal damage. Genetic LCAT deficiency is the most emblematic case and represents a unique tool to evaluate the impact of alterations in the HDL system on the progression of renal disease. Lipid abnormalities detected in LCAT-deficient carriers mirror the ones observed in CKD patients, which indeed present an acquired LCAT deficiency. In this context, circulating LCAT levels predict CKD progression in individuals at early stages of renal dysfunction and in the general population. This review summarizes the main alterations of HDL in CKD, focusing on the latest update of acquired and genetic LCAT defects associated with the progression of renal disease.

scholarly journals Assessment of ergot (Claviceps purpurea) exposure in pregnant and postpartum beef cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grusie ◽  
V. Cowan ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. McKinnon ◽  
B. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
The Impact

Cows were fed ration for 9 wk containing 5, 48, 201, and 822 μg kg−1 ergot alkaloids. The objective was to evaluate the impact of ergot consumption in beef cow–calf operations. Ergot alkaloids up to 822 μg kg−1 did not alter the weight of peripartum and postpartum beef cows (P = 0.93) or nursing calves (P = 0.08), rectal temperature (P = 0.16), or plasma prolactin concentrations (P = 0.30) at moderate ambient temperatures. Ergot did not influence the time (>1 ng mL−1; P = 0.79) or the progesterone concentration (P = 0.38) at the time of first postpartum rise or the size of the first (14 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.40) and second (13 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.41) follicles to ovulate. The maximum size of the first postpartum corpus luteum (CL) was 4 mm larger in the 822 μg kg−1 ergot group compared with the control (P = 0.03) for the first ovulation post partum, but not for the second (P = 0.11). There was no effect of ergot exposure on the number of days until the appearance of the first (43 ± 4 d; P = 0.95) or second (52 ± 4 d; P = 0.98) CL post partum. Ergot alkaloid concentrations up to 822 μg kg−1 did not affect pregnancy rates (X2 = 0.36). In conclusion, ergot alkaloid exposure for 9 wk to concentrations as high as 822 μg kg−1 did not alter performance in pregnant and postpartum beef cattle at moderate ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals Microinflammation Factors in the Common Diseases of the Heart and Kidneys

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Tasic ◽  
Sonja Radenkovic ◽  
Gordana Kocic ◽  
Marina Deljanin Ilic ◽  
Aleksandra Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Pai 1

Aim. To determine levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in different cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) modalities and to compare findings to some already investigated direct and indirect parameters of inflammation and atherosclerosis.Materials and Methods. Testing involved 114 examinees, divided into control and clinical groups suffering from different modalities and were formed according to the basis of a valid classification for CRS.Results. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in all CRSs in comparison to the control groupP<0.05. PAI-1 in CRSs was statistically higher than in the control group. IL-8 was increased in all CRSs, and especially in CRS-5, where no significance was found. PAI-1 correlated with IL-8 in all CRSs, with significant value in CRS-2 and CRS-5. Correlation for PAI-1 and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was found in CRS-4, while IL-8 was found to be related to CRP level in all CRSs, with significance only in CRS-1P<0.001.Conclusions. C-reactive protein, IL-8, and PAI-1 could be useful for clinical differentiation of chronic modalities of CRSs. Inflammation was the most pronounced in CRS-4. Lipid status parameters could be useful for differentiation of CRSs. Furthermore, HDL in chronic primary kidney diseases and triglycerides and total cholesterol in CRS-5 could be valuable.

Abstract 260: Knockout of Apolipoprotein A-II Has Dramatic Effects on High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Distribution

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Gordon ◽  
Catherine A Reardon ◽  
Godfrey S Getz ◽  
W S Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Compositional Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modest Effect

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a highly heterogeneous population of particles composed of various lipids and proteins. They have been demonstrated to possess a diverse variety of functional properties which are thought to contribute to protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proteomics studies have identified up to 75 different proteins which can associate with HDL. The basis for the compositional diversity of HDL is not known but a better understanding will yield important information about its broad functional diversity. To investigate the impact of common HDL apolipoproteins on the distribution of other apolipoproteins, we have begun to systematically fractionate plasma from various HDL apolipoprotein KO mice. Plasma from apoA-I, apoA-IV and apoA-II global KO mice was applied to gel filtration chromatography to distinguish HDL size populations. HDL particles sequestered by a phospholipid binding resin were proteomically analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By comparing elution volume shifts (i.e. particle size variations) for each HDL protein between WT controls and the KO models, we assessed the impact of the deleted protein on HDL size distributions. Ablation of apoA-I, while decreasing total HDL phospholipid by 70%, had a surprisingly small impact on the distribution of the majority of other HDL associated proteins - affecting only 9 of them. Genetic apoA-IV ablation had a similar modest effect shifting a distinct subset of 9 proteins. However, loss of apoA-II, in addition to causing a similar 70% reduction in overall HDL phospholipids, affected the size distribution of some 45 HDL proteins (including several complement proteins and paraoxonase-1). These data suggest that apoA-I, while associated with the majority of HDL phospholipid, may actually interact with relatively few of the lower abundance proteins known to be associated with HDL. ApoA-II on the other hand, may interact with many of these, perhaps acting as a docking site or adaptor molecule.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Feed Phosphates on Biochemical Indices of Blood and Mineral Composition of Bones in Finishing Pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Krystyna Pogoda-Sewerniak ◽  
Szymon Dragan ◽  
Daniel Korniewicz ◽  
Krystyna Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Blood Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different chemical feed phosphates on the blood biochemical indicators and the content of main minerals of bones in finishing pigs. Over a period of 85 days of fattening, monocalcium (MCP, Finnish product), dicalcium (DCP, Polish product) and calcium-sodium (CSP, Russian product) phosphates were used in fattener feeding. The feeding was based on standard mixtures of starter, grower and finisher type. Dicalcium phosphate was produced according to the new, pro-ecological technology based on phosphoric acid. The content of Ca, Na, P, solubility of P in citric acid, and the concentration of undesirable substances (As, Cd, F, Hg and Pb) were determined in feed phosphates. At the end of the fattening period, blood was collected from 36 finishing pigs (12 from each group) and the following biochemical indicators were determined in the serum: enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA); the concentration of total protein, albumins, glucose, urea, creatinine, content of triglycerides, cholesterol and its high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) fractions, and mineral components concentration (Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn). Basic macroelement content (Ca, Mg, P) was determined in the thigh bones from 30 pigs (10 from each group). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups were observed only in some biochemical indicators, i.e. CK, LDH and LA. The highest content of Ca, Mg and P was found in the bones of pigs fed mixtures supplemented with DCP which indicates improved bioavailability of main macroelements from that phosphate.

The Impact of Breed, Testing Time and Metabolic Profile on the Variation of Copper Concentration in Sheep Blood Serum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Autukaitė ◽  
V. Juozaitienė ◽  
R. Antanaitis ◽  
I. Poškienė ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Blood Parameter ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
The Impact

Background: Copper supplementation in ruminants deserves special attention because of the narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the Cu concentration and other blood parameter values having taken into consideration their physiological limits based on the variation of copper concentration in the three different sheep breeds. Methods: Sixty sheep (35±5 kg) kept on the same farm were studied: the Suffolk (n = 20), the Merino (n = 20) and the Lithuanian blackhead (n = 20). The sheep were selected according to the following parameters: 3.5±0.3 years old, not pregnant during the entire investigation period, clinically healthy. All sheep were kept under the same conditions and throughout the year, were fed at the same time the same ration balanced according to their physiological needs. Individual blood samples were collected on the same day, on monthly basis for the period of one year (April 2018 to May 2019). Blood biochemical parameters as well blood haematology and cortisol concentration were analysed.Result: The highest average value of copper concentration was found in the Merino breed. The study has shown that the lowest number of blood samples with the levels of copper meeting the physiological limit values was found in the native Lithuanian blackhead sheep at the end of the grazing period and in the Merino and the Suffolk breeds - during the coldest winter months. The increase in copper concentration could be related to the stress caused due to the changes in dietary conditions, the variations of ambient temperature and different breed response to these factors.

Abstract 330: Liver-Specific Phospholipids Transfer Protein Activity Has Significant Contribution in Hepatocyte Apob-Containing Lipoprotein Production and in Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirfarbod Yazdanyar ◽  
Xian-Cheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Luminal Content ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Pltp Activity ◽  
The Impact

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in western countries. Lipoprotein metabolism is closely related with the disease. ApoB-containing lipoproteins (BLp) are atherogenic particles, while, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are anti-atherogenic. Phospholipids Transfer Protein (PLTP) activity has important impact on BLp and HDL homeostasis. Animal studies, including general knock out (KO) and transgenic approaches, have shown pro-atherogenic properties for PLTP. However, the tissue specific function of PLTP remains mostly unknown. To address the impact of liver-specific expression of PLTP on lipoprotein metabolism, we have created two mouse models which either express PLTP specifically in the liver on a PLTP-null background or do not express PLTP in the liver (liver-specific PLTP KO) in a wild type background. In both models, our findings show that liver-specific PLTP is responsible for 25-30% of total plasma PLTP activity. Moreover, liver-specific PLTP expression model shows a remarkable increase in plasma levels of BLp, whereas liver-specific PLTP KO mice show significant reduction of BLp in plasma in compare to control group. These results further show the significant contribution of PLTP in BLp production. We also found that HDL levels are slightly increased in the first model, while in liver-specific PLTP KO animals HDL levels are significantly decreased. In order to unravel the mechanism, we evaluated the apoB and triglyceride production rates after blocking the clearance of the particles. We found that liver-specific PLTP increases apoB (both apo48 and apoB100) and triglyceride (TG) secretion rates. Additionally, the study of the hepatocyte microsomal luminal content lipidation in the first model showed that in the presence of PLTP BLp lipidation, which reflects as higher level of TG in microsomal luminal content, is significantly higher than the control group. Our results indicate that liver-generated PLTP promotes atherogenic lipoprotein production and provides a rationale for liver-specific PLTP inhibition as a therapeutical approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

The impact of endophyte on the health and productivity of sheep grazing ryegrass-based pastures

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
L.R. Fletcher ◽  
B.L. Sutherland ◽  
C.G. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
The Impact

The health and production of sheep grazing perennial ryegrass with and without wild-type endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) has been studied in several trials over a number of years. Lambs/ hoggets grazing predominantly perennial ryegrass swards with endophyte developed moderate to severe ryegrass staggers in summer and autumn, while those grazing endophyte-free ryegrass did not. Lambs/hoggets grazing ryegrass with endophyte also had more dags, lower growth rates, lower plasma prolactin levels, higher body temperatures and respiration rates under warm humid conditions. Most of these adverse responses were more severe in summer and autumn when endophyte toxin concentrations were highest. Many of these symptoms are similar to those described for the "autumn ill thrift" syndrome in New Zealand. Keywords: dags, endophyte, flystrike, growth rates, hyperthermia, Neotyphodium, perennial ryegrass, prolactin, ryegrass staggers, sheep

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns in a Population Cohort in Uruguay and Associations with Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
Paula Moliterno ◽  
Carmen Donangelo ◽  
Juan Vanerio ◽  
Romina Nogara ◽  
Matias Pecora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in a population adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study - GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic and anthropometric markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods In a subsample (n = 295), DP were derived by principal component analysis based on 27 food groups (food frequency questionnaire). Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL, HDL), fasting glucose and insulin (HOMA), 25(OH)D, neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured in blood. Body weight, height, waist and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate by tertile of DP load the adjusted changes of each outcome variable (relative to tertile 1), according to age (splitting by median age, 54 y). The models included sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and season for 25(OH)D, as covariables. Results Three DP were identified: Meat (MDP), Prudent (PDP), and Cereal and Mate (CMDP), explaining 22.6% of total variance. MDP was characterized by higher loads for red, processed and barbecued meat; PDP by higher loads for vegetables, fish and nuts; and CMDP by higher loads for cereals and mate (traditional infused drink). Protein, sodium and alcohol intake increased, and fibre, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA) intake decreased, by MDP tertile. Protein, fat (MUFA), fibre and calcium intake increased by PDP tertile. Carbohydrate, sodium and energy intake increased, and PUFA and calcium intake decreased, by CMDP tertile. MDP was associated with lower HDL (−3.1 mg/dl) and 25(OH)D (−3.5 ng/ml), and higher TG/HDL ratio (0.8) and HOMA (0.5), in the older group (P &lt; 0.05). PDP was associated with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups (2.9 and 7.7 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.002). CMDP was associated with higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (0.35) in the younger group, and higher LDL (18.2 mg/dl), systolic BP (5.9 mm Hg) and waist/height ratio (0.024) in the older group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Meat DP was associated with worse blood lipid profile in younger adults, Cereal and Mate DP with worse cardiovascular risk markers in older adults, and Prudent DP with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups. Funding Sources CSIC, ANII, Uruguay.

The Concept and Application of Early Economic Period Threshold: The Case of DCPA in Onions (Allium Cepa)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio M. Dunan ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Frank D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
The Impact

The question of when to control weeds traditionally has been approached with the calculation of critical periods (CP) based on crop yields. The concept of economic critical period (ECP) and early (EEPT) and late (LEFT) economic period thresholds are presented as a comprehensive approach to answer the same question based on economic losses and costs of control. ECP is defined as the period when the benefit of controlling weeds is greater than its cost. EEPT and LEFT are the limits of the ECP and can be used to determine when first and last weed control measures should be performed. Calculation of EEPT accounts for the economic losses due to weed competition that occur between planting and postemergence weed control. In this way it is possible to better evaluate the economic feasibility of using preplant or preemergence control tactics. The EEPT for DCPA application is analyzed in the context of onion production in Colorado. The EEPT for DCPA application was calculated from an empirical regression model that assessed the impact of weed load and time of weed removal on onion yields. The EEPT was affected by control efficacy, weed-free yield, DCPA cost, and onion price. DCPA application was economically advisable in only one of 20 fields analyzed because of the tow DCPA efficacy (60%).

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