scholarly journals KONSEP QIWĀMAH DALAM YURISPRUDENSI ISLAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Nur Faizah
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Husband And Wife

This article explains the concept of leadership in the family (qiwāmah) gender justice perspective. The focus of the study on the interpretation of Surat an-Nisā '[4] verse 34 which becomes the theological and socio-cultural foundation of society. The letter interprets that the husband is superior to the wife, so marriage relations tend to be hierarchical (the husband becomes the head of the family, while the wife has the subordinate status). This lame husband and wife relationship makes the wife vulnerable to violence. The author considers that this verse must be reinterpreted from the point of view of gender justice given the sociological shift. This study led the writer to the conclusion that the concept of qiwāmah in Islamic jurisprudence is open and dialogic with the times. The concept of qiwāmah now must be interpreted based on human values rather than gender, so that women as wives not only serve their husbands, but partners and partners who are both subjects and objects. The relationship between them is in the form of symbiosis of mutualism (mutual benefit), not only in the family but also for the community and the State. There is no difference between the two, except in matters of devotion to God. [Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga (qiwāmah) perspektif keadilan gender. Fokus kajian pada penafsiran Surat an-Nisā’ [4] Ayat 34 yang menjadi landasan teologis dan sosio-kultural masyarakat. Surat tersebut menafsirkan bahwa suami lebih unggul daripada istri, sehingga hubungan perkawinan cenderung hierarkis (suami menjadi kepala keluarga, sementara istri berstatus subordinat terhadapnya). Relasi suami istri yang timpang ini membuat istri rentan terhadap kekerasan. Penulis memandang bahwa ayat ini harus ditafsir ulang dari sudut pandang keadilan gender mengingat adanya pergeseran sosiologis. Kajian ini mengantarkan penulis pada kesimpulan bahwa konsep qiwāmah dalam yurisprudensi Islam bersifat terbuka dan dialogis dengan perkembangan zaman. Konsep qiwāmah sekarang harus dimaknai berdasarkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan bukan jenis kelamin, sehingga perempuan sebagai istri bukan hanya melayani suaminya, melainkan patner dan mitra yang sama-sama menjadi subyek sekaligus obyek. Relasi keduanya berupa simbiosis mutualisme (saling menguntungkan), tidak hanya dalam keluarga tetapi juga untuk masyarakat dan Negara. Tidak ada perbedaan di antara keduanya, kecuali dalam hal ketakwaan kepada Tuhan.]

scholarly journals Paternalism as a concept of russian legal culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Elena Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Special Form ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the essence of hierarchical relations in Russian society and the state, the specifics of the genesis and modifications of paternalism as a special form of legitimization of power. The author draws attention to the traditional and archaic foundations of paternalism, which addresses the explanation of its justification from the point of view of the relationship between father and children and identifies the essence of state relations with relations in the family.

Effects of Family Coping and Resources on Family Adjustment and Parental Stress in the Acute Phase of the NICU Experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Pinelli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Adjustment ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
The Family ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: To determine the relationship between family coping and resources and family adjustment and parental stress in the acute phase of the NICU experience.Design: Correlational study based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. Main study instruments included the State Anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Family Inventory of Resources for Management, the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, and the General Functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device.Sample: Data collected from 124 mother and father pairs within two to four days of their infant’s admission to the NICU.Main Outcome Variables: Family adjustment and parental stress.Results: Adequate resources were more strongly related to positive adjustment and decreased stress than were either coping or being a first-time parent. The relationships among the variables were generally the same for both parents. Mothers utilized more coping strategies than did fathers.Practice Recommendations: Families with limited resources should be identified early to facilitate their adjustment to the NICU.

scholarly journals Identification of grain areas replaced by sugarcane and analysis of the relationship with family farming production in the state of Goiás

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Petrini ◽  
Jansle V. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

scholarly journals Interests of participants in technology transfer and the mechanism of their provision

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Kseniia Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The Relationship

Problem setting. One of the subsystems of the National Innovative System is the field of technology transfer. Considering the NIS from the point of view of the interests pursued by its participants (subjects), the mechanism introduced by the legislator, providing legal regulation of certain social relations, directly depends on what interests they pursue. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The following scientists drew attention to the problems of regulation of relations in the field of technology transfer: O. M. Davydiuk, Yu. M. Kapitsa, D. S. Makhnovsky, V. S. Milash, O. P. Orlyuk, B. M. Paduchak, O. E. Simson. However, further study of these relations remains relevant especially in view of the constant updating of current legislation. Target of research is to analyze the mechanisms for satisfying the interests of participants (subjects) of technology transfer, which are introduced in the current legislation and are proposed for the future. Article’s main body. Considering the national innovative system from the point of view of the interests pursued by its participants (subjects), we can distinguish the interests of the author of the technology, recipient, technology donor and the state, whose interests determine the overall vector of the transfer process. The primary subject in technology transfer is the author of the technology – an individual who can act as a direct participant (subject) of technology transfer and be its donor, who independently decides the legal fate of the technology and / or its components. However, the author of the technology may not be a donor when it comes to the relationship between him and his employer as a performer of scientific research and development work for the budget. In this case, although the technology is created by the direct work of the author-employee, property rights to the technology are assigned to the enterprise, research institution, organization or institution of higher education as the executor of these works (organization-developer), and the author is entitled to royalties. Thus, a compromise is reached between the parties and provides the necessary balance of interests of the employer and the author. In the transfer of technology, which occurs through the conclusion of the contract, the interests of the parties to the contract are mutually conditioned. These entities, realizing their property interests, act in contractual relations on the principle of dispositiveness, ie equality of the parties, and the state does not interfere in these relations. And only when the sphere of interests of the subjects of transfer affects the interests of the state, the relationship is complicated by the establishment of additional requirements and / or procedures (in particular, the export of technologies created or purchased from the budget). The interest of the state in this case is due to the purpose of preserving national and technological security, control over the misuse of budget funds during the financing of R & D, solving other strategic tasks. The protective mechanism of legal support of the state’s interests introduced in the Law is implemented through the establishment of requirements for the use of technology and / or their components, created or purchased for budget funds, mainly on the territory of Ukraine; conducting state expertise for technologies and / or their components, which are purchased for budget funds (including through their import). Meanwhile, the world practice is aware of other means aimed at protecting the interests of the state, such as control over the re-export of technology in order to eliminate the possibility of further transfer of technology from its donor to others. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The field of technology transfer is characterized by a combination of imperative and dispositive methods of legal regulation. When concluding a technology transfer agreement, the parties agree on its terms, based on their own interests and the requirements for certain types of agreements. However, lawyers note: the wider the range of interests (individual, group), which are directly or indirectly affected by the contract, the more important should be the degree of legal regulation. Therefore, when it comes to the interests of the state, the legislator should not neglect the ability to imperatively determine the requirements to be met by the parties in technology transfer and which provide for the implementation of additional incentives for the introduction of domestic technologies into circulation, their practical application in production.

scholarly journals Significados de ser portadoras de hemofilia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Andrea Arango-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hemofilia A

Objetivo: analizar los significados que construyen las madres de personas en condición de hemofilia, sobre ser portadoras de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico que, a través de una etnografía particularista y el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y revisión documental, rescató el punto de vista de 17 madres pertenecientes a la Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos que participaron de manera voluntaria y residen en diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Las participantes se reconocen a sí mismas como seres potenciales, es decir, no sólo como trasmisoras o cuidadoras de la enfermedad de sus hijos, sino como sujetos cognoscentes de su realidad dispuestas a reflexionar sobre sus aprendizajes e incorporarlos a favor de la relación consigo mismas y con los demás. Los significados más relevantes son: empezar a vivir con hemofilia, asumir la enfermedad, la familia, el cuidado y la crianza, la relación con los servicios de salud, caminando con algo que no se puede desprender y darse cuenta. Conclusiones: La salud colectiva es la posibilidad de tener un acercamiento más comprensivo al proceso salud – enfermedad – atención de los colectivos humanos, tomando en cuenta las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales en las que estos se inscriben. La pregunta por los significados de estas madres develó el tejido de lo individual y lo colectivo, como un asunto que trasciende el plano biológico de la enfermedad y da cuenta de la construcción social en la que confluyen prácticas, saberes, imaginarios y sentimientos.Palabras Clave: Cuidadores, enfermedad crónica, hemofilia A, madresSignifi cance of being a hemophilia carrierAbstractObjective: Analyzing the meanings that mothers of people with hemophilia, build about being carriers of the disease. Materials and methods: Study based on the qualitative method supported by the approach of symbolic interaction, which through a particularistic ethnography, and the use of semi-structured interviews, observations and document review, rescued the point of view of 17 mothers belonging to the Liga Antioqueña de Hemofílicos. They participated voluntarily and reside in different municipalities of Antioquia. Results: The participants recognize themselves as potential beings, that is, not only as disseminators or carers of the illness of their children, but as cognocentes subject of their reality willing to reflect on their learning and incorporate them in favor of the relationship with herself and others. The most important meanings are: start living with hemophilia, assuming the disease, the family, the care and upbringing, relationships with health services, walking with something that can not be detached and realize. Conclusions: Collective health is the ability to have a more comprehensive approach to process health - disease - care of human groups, taking into account the economic, social and cultural conditions in which they are registered. The question of the meaning of these mothers, unveiled the tissue of the individual and the collective, as a matter that transcends the biological level of the disease and accounts for the social construction that blends practices, knowledge, imaginary and feelings.Key Words: Hemophilia A, chronic disease, mothers, caregivers. Significado de ser portadora de hemofiliaResumo                                   Objetivo: Analisar os significados construídos pelas mães de pessoas com hemofilia, sobre ser portadores da doença. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com foco no interacionismo simbólico, que, através de uma etnografia individualista e o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações e revisão documental, resgatou o ponto de vista de 17 mães pertencentes à Liga Antioquia de Hemófilos que participaram voluntariamente e residem em diferentes municípios do departamento de Antioquia. Resultados: Os participantes se reconhecem como seres potenciais, ou seja, não apenas como transmissores ou cuidadores da doença de seus filhos, mas como sujeitos cognitivos de sua realidade que estão dispostos a refletir sobre sua aprendizagem e a incorporá-los em favor do relacionamento com eles mesmos e com os outros. Os significados mais relevantes são: começar a viver com hemofilia, assumir a doença, família, cuidados e educação, relacionar-se com os serviços de saúde, caminhar com algo que você não pode separar e perceber. Conclusões: A saúde coletiva é a possibilidade de ter uma abordagem mais abrangente para o processo saúde-doença-cuidado de grupos humanos, levando em consideração as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais nas quais estão registradas. A questão dos significados dessas mães revela o tecido do indivíduo e o coletivo como um problema que transcende o plano biológico da doença e explica a construção social em que as práticas, o conhecimento, o imaginário e os sentimentos convergem.Palavras-Chave: Cuidadores, doenças crônicas, hemofilia A, mães  

“Our City, Our Hearths, Our Families“: Local Loyalties and Private Life in Soviet World War II Propaganda

Slavic Review ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Kirschenbaum
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
World War ◽  
Party Discipline ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
The Family

During World War II, images of mothers constituted one of the most striking—and lasting—additions to Soviet propaganda. The appearance of “Mother Russia” has been understood as a manifestation of the Soviet state's wartime renunciation of appeals to Marxism-Leninism and its embrace of nationalism. Yet “Mother Russia” (rodina-mat', more literally, the “motherland mother“) was an ambiguous national figure. The word rodina, from the verb rodit', to give birth, can mean birthplace both in the narrow sense of hometown and in the broad sense of “motherland,” and it suggests the centrality of the private and the local in wartime conceptions of public duty. Mothers functioned in Soviet propaganda both as national symbols and as the constantly reworked and reimagined nexus between home and nation, between love for the family and devotion to the state. From this point of view, the new prominence of mothers in wartime propaganda can be understood as part of what Jeffrey Brooks has identified as the “counter-narrative” of individual initiative and private motives, as opposed to party discipline, that dominated the centrally controlled press's coverage of the first years of the war.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PRESENTATION AND PERCEPTION OF MOTHERS IMAGES IN ADVERTISING

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
I. V. Klymenko ◽  
A. I. Lokhmachova
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Family ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Good Mother ◽  
The Media ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Husband And Wife

The article is devoted to the generalization of information about the image of the “ideal” or “good” mother and its implementation in advertising practice. The authors analyzed the evolution of this image in the media space from the concept of traditionalism (woman who is realized exclusively in the family and motherhood) to the concept of neo-traditionalism (mother, who has time for everything, including the professional sphere and the sphere of self-fulfillment). There is an increase in value of egalitarian models (partnership distribution of roles and functions between husband and wife) and the presentation of realistic ideas about a “non-ideal” mother in foreign practice. However, this trend is much less common in the Ukrainian advertising space. The authors found the most common images of mothers in Ukrainian advertising: “Selfless”, “Caring”, “Balanced”, “Hedonic”, “Rebellious” and “Supervisory” and analyzed the peculiarities of their use, the intensity of presentation, the relationship with the advertised product. The authors found that conservative images of mothers (family oriented, selfless, caring, able to keep everything under control) are generally positively perceived by the target audience. Images that are distant from such traditionalist cliché (innovative, self-centered, hedonic) are rated worse. The authors demonstrated the relationship between mothers’ individual characteristics and their tendency to favor a particular character in advertising. Women, who are more experienced, self-sufficient, tend to rely on their own experience prefer less conservative advertising images (“Balanced”, and “Hedonic”). Less experienced women, who are guided by externalities experience, are focused exclusively on child, perceive positively traditionalist images “Selfless” and “Supervisory” mother.

Family Relations and Psychosocial Risk in Families with an Obese Adolescent

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni G. Valtolina ◽  
Elena Marta
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Weight Child

The aim of the present study is a comparison of family relations in families with an obese adolescent and families with a normal-weight adolescent. Particularly, we studied the parents' and children's perceptions of some crucial areas of their relationship, e.g., communication, support, and some factors of “psychosocial risk” for the adolescents. We compared 30 family triads each with an obese child and 30 family triads each with a normal-weight child. We used a questionnaire aimed to evaluate some crucial variables of family functioning such as communication, family climate, support and satisfaction. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded no difference between obese and nonobese adolescents concerning communication with their mothers and fathers and concerning support given and received from them. In particular, analysis indicated no difference between parents of obese adolescents and parents of normal-weight adolescents regarding openness and problems in communication. As a protective factor against psychosocial risk, in both the samples the relationship with the mother arises as relevant, but, for the nonobese adolescents, both support and communication with this parent were important, whereas for the obese adolescents only support seemed to be really important. The results are discussed with respect to this approach which considered the family as the unit of analysis both from a theoretical and a methodological point of view.

scholarly journals ISLAM AND THE HUMANITY OF THE STATE: From Fiqh of Politics to Fiqh of Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-387
Author(s):  
Hijrian A. Prihantoro
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theory Of Religion ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The intellectual debate of this age in the field of Islamic studies is the discovery of the relationship of religion and the nation-state. Religion in the old age is understood by fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), then the theory of religion on the concept of politics was called the doctrine of fiqh’s politics. The present age shows that the religious man does not speak only about the position of religion in political discourse, but also about the concept of the humanity of the state. I want to apply my study on Islam and humanity of state in the Indonesian context because there are multitudes of nationalities and cultures. This research uses an integrative approach that combines the phenomenological approach with the sociological approach. This research aims to analyze the relation between the religion of Islam and the activity of human thought on the concept of the human state by transforming the concept of the fiqh of politics to the fiqh of citizenship. This research proves that the conceptual transformation from fiqh of politics towards fiqh of citizenship, with all its consequences, must be seen as a process of political agreement and it can be accepted as long as it always pays attention to social justice and general welfare.

scholarly journals The influence of the ascriptive statuses at the intensity of students’ educational practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Р. І. Борисов ◽  
І. І. Шеремет
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the influence of the Ukrainian students’ ascriptive statuses on the course of their professionalsocialization. There are are students’ status positions, educational dispositions and the content and focus of theeducational process among the factors of professional socialization. The ascriptive statuses are considered as socialindicators which may restrict the access of the students to the tertiary education. A number of ascriptive statuses,which may have the restrictive influence, are identified, among which are the sex, the economic and cultural capitalof the family, place of living before the admission to higher education. It was listed the signs of student heterogeneityas a socio-demographic group. The education of students in higher education institutions is considered with the prismof acquiring the competences obtained as a result of the implementation of educational practices. The professionalsocialization is considered as the process of the acquisition of the professional competences during the process of theimplementation of the educational practices. The notion of the professional practice is applied from the standpointof P. Bourdieu’s Constructivist Structuralism and is defined as routineized unconscious acts which are repeated intime and are aimed at the realization of the strategy of the achieving the goal within a certain sphere of social reality.The authors refer to the results of a quantitative survey of Ukrainian students to determine the degree of influence ofascriptive statuses on the process of professional socialization in universities. The relationship between the intensity ofeducational practices contributing to the learning process and academic achievement is analyzed. The existence andhierarchy of educational practices from the point of view of their effectiveness is identified and characterized. Theconclusion is made that there is a significant impact of the set of the students’ ascriptive statuses on the course of theprofessional socialization. As a result the cultural capital of a family of students has the highest “capital intensivity” incomparison with other ascriptive statuses.

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