scholarly journals Bioplastik Berbasis Galaktomanan Hasil Ekstraski Ampas Kelapa Dengan Campuran Polyvinyl Alkohol

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Nofita Sari ◽  
Maudy Mairisya ◽  
Riska Kurniasari ◽  
Sari Purnavita
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Degradation Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi luas permukaan dan jumlah solven pada proses ekstraksi galaktomanan dari ampas kelapa terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan kondisi optimumpada proses pembuatan bioplastik yang meliputi jumlah sorbitol dan waktu pencampuran terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang meliputi ketebalan, ketahanan air, kuat tarik, elongasi, waktu degradasi dan morfologi.Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan plastik konvensional.Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan polimer alami seperti pati, selulosa atau lemak.Penelitian pembuatan bioplastik ini berbasis dari galaktomanan ampas kelapa dan PVA. Galaktomanan merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki kemampuan membuat lapisan film.Polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) merupakan polimer sintetik namun memiliki sifat mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pembuatan bioplastik. PVA juga mampu meningkatkan elastisitas dan kuat tarik bioplastik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bioplastik dengan ketebalan terbaik 0,18 mm dan prosentase ketahanan air tertinggi 74,76%. Tensile strength bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai 7,55 MPa, sedangkan prosentase elongation terbaik 46,81%. Bioplastik pada penelitian ini memiliki titik leleh (MP) 120°C dan terdegradasi sempurna dalam 24 jam. This study aims to obtain optimum conditions which are including surface area and amount of solvent in the galactomannan extraction process from coconut pulp to the produced yield and obtaining the optimum conditions in the bioplastic manufacturing process which are included the amount of sorbitol and mixing time of the bioplastic characteristics including thickness, water resistance, tensile strength, elongation, degradation time and morphology. Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms in a short time, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics bioplastics made from natural polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, or fat. The research in making bioplastics was based on galactomannan coconut pulp and PVA. Galactomannan is a natural polymer that can make film layers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer but has properties that are soluble in water so it can be used as a mixture of bioplastics. PVA is also able to increase the elasticity and strong pull of bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics with the best thickness of 0,18mm and the highest percentage of water resistance in 74,76%. The best bioplastic tensile strength at 7,55 MPa value, while the best percentage of elongation 46,81%. Bioplastics in this study had a melting point (MP) of 120 ° C and were degraded correctly in 24 hours.

The Effect of Mixing Time on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Imperata cylindrica Cellulose

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Sri Wuryanti ◽  
Suhardjo Poertadji ◽  
Bambang Soegijono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Maximal Average ◽  
Made In

One application of cellulose is for the isolation of steam distribution pipe. Many researchers on cellulose for isolation have been conducted due to a popular issue of energy saving with its fairly cheap treatment cost. Cellulose is produced from imperata cylindrica reed by an extraction process. The results of extraction were in a form of cellulose fibers. To make the test easier, the cellulose fibers were made in a form of sheets by adding 3.5 % Na-CMC (Sodium Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose). The sheets are produced by blending for 30, 45, and 60 minutes and then put it into the oven with temperature of 40°C for 36 hours. Tests were conducted for four parameters, namely, density, tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and morphology. The density was measured by picnometer, while the tensile strength and elasticity modulus was measured by UCT-5T Model UTM, and the morphology was measured by optical microscope from Nikon Ephipot. The test showed : minimal and maximal densities were 166.7 kg/m3 and 550.2 kg/m3, respectively; minimal and maximal average tensile strengths were 9.16 MPa and 10.5 MPa, respectively; minimal and maximal elasticity modulus were 79.948 MPa and 113.09 MPa, respectively; and minimal and maximal specific tensile strengths were 0.01665 MPa/(kg/m3) and 0.06289 MPa/(kg/m3).

Electron-diffraction studies in synthetic polymer materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
D.T. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
First Case ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Many

Diffraction studies in polymeric and other beam sensitive materials may bring to mind the many experiments where diffracted intensity has been used as a measure of the electron dose required to destroy fine structure in the TEM. But this paper is concerned with a range of cases where the diffraction pattern itself contains the important information.In the first case, electron diffraction from paraffins, degraded polyethylene and polyethylene single crystals, all the samples are highly ordered, and their crystallographic structure is well known. The diffraction patterns fade on irradiation and may also change considerably in a-spacing, increasing the unit cell volume on irradiation. The effect is large and continuous far C94H190 paraffin and for PE, while for shorter chains to C 28H58 the change is less, levelling off at high dose, Fig.l. It is also found that the change in a-spacing increases at higher dose rates and at higher irradiation temperatures.

SINTESIS DAN MODIFIKASI STRUKTUR DAN PORI MEMBRAN KITOSAN TERCROSSLINK UNTUK STERILISASI MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Emma Savitri ◽  
Natalia Suseno ◽  
Tokok Adiarto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Chitosan Membrane ◽  
Chitosan Membranes ◽  
Crosslinked Chitosan

Many mass-transfer applications have used chitosan membrane in separation processes. This research applied crosslinked chitosan membrane to sterillize bacterial growth media. Chitosan membranes having 79 % DD were produced by casting and drying chitosan solution. The images of the membrane were characterized by SEM and other characterizations such as permeability, permselectivity and tensile strength were investigated. The flux increased with longer submersion period but the rejection decreased. Otherwise, the flux decreased and rejection increased in line with an increase in curing temperature. Tensile strength increased with the increase of submersion period and curing temperature. The optimum conditions of crosslinking process are 2 hours of submersion periods and curing temperature at 90 oC.  It gives flux 5.8930 L/jam.m2, rejection 97.47 % and tensile strength 49640 kN/m2

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers of Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Artificial Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mina Keshvardoostchokami ◽  
Sara Seidelin Majidi ◽  
Peipei Huo ◽  
Rajan Ramachandran ◽  
Menglin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Artificial Extracellular Matrix

Many types of polymer nanofibers have been introduced as artificial extracellular matrices. Their controllable properties, such as wettability, surface charge, transparency, elasticity, porosity and surface to volume proportion, have attracted much attention. Moreover, functionalizing polymers with other bioactive components could enable the engineering of microenvironments to host cells for regenerative medical applications. In the current brief review, we focus on the most recently cited electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds and divide them into five main categories: natural polymer-natural polymer composite, natural polymer-synthetic polymer composite, synthetic polymer-synthetic polymer composite, crosslinked polymers and reinforced polymers with inorganic materials. Then, we focus on their physiochemical, biological and mechanical features and discussed the capability and efficiency of the nanofibrous scaffolds to function as the extracellular matrix to support cellular function.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study of Deformation Behaviour of Two New Reinforcing Polymeric TSLs and Their Potential Application in Deep Underground Coal Mine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Han Liang ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Chen Cao ◽  
Shuangwen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Steel Mesh ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Roadway Support

Thin spray-on liner (TSL) is a surface protection technology used by spraying a polymer film, which is widely used for mine airtightness and waterproofing. A reinforcing TSL can replace steel mesh, which is a new method for roadway support. This paper reviews the development of a reinforcing TSL. Considering the deterioration of geological conditions in deep underground mining and the demand for reinforcing automation, two kinds of polymeric reinforcing TSL (RPTSL) materials are developed. The mechanical characteristics of the new TSL materials are studied experimentally. Results show that the average compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the two TSL materials are 52 and 32 MPa, 12 and 8 MPa, 6.2 and 17.2 MPa, and 33.6° and 25.9°, respectively. The bonding strength between the two materials and coal is greater than the tensile strength of coal itself, and the mechanical properties of the material for comparison are lower than those of both materials. Based on the TSL support mechanism, we examine the application of the two TSL materials to the mining environment and compare the mechanical properties of polymer materials and cement-based materials. The advantages of polymer materials include versatile mechanical properties, good adhesion, and high early strength. This study provides a new support material to replace steel mesh for roadway surface support, which satisfies the needs of different surface support designs under complex geological conditions, and promotes the automation of roadway support.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽  
Alawi Sulaiman ◽  
Che Mohd Som Said ◽  
Ayub M. Som ◽  
Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

TENSILE STRENGTH OF SINGLE CONTINUOUS FIBER EXTRACTED FROM MENGKUANG LEAVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahmi Hamizol ◽  
Puteri Sri Melor Megat-Yusoff*
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The focus of this paper is to obtain a continuous cellulose fiber (CCF) from mengkuang leaves of the pandanus genus using chemical extraction process and to measure its tensile properties. The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the longer soaking times employed during the alkaline treatment of the mengkuang leaves, the higher the cellulose content extracted. The highest tensile strength of 520 MPa was measured for single CCF treated with optimum extraction parameters of 2% NaOH for 60 minutes. Amount of cellulose content of the extracted fiber showed an inverse relationship with the fiber’s tensile strength. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose content during extraction process may have caused the reduction in the fiber’s tensile strength.

Kaempferol Extraction from Cuscuta reflexa using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Separation of Kaempferol from the Extracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabendu Mitra ◽  
Kyu -Seob Chang ◽  
Dae-Seok Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Central Composite

Kaempferol, a strong antioxidant, was extracted from Cuscuta reflexa (a medicinal plant) using supercritical CO2 and separated using thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and HPLC analysis. A rotatable central composite design was used to determine the influence of process variables and arrive at optimal processing conditions in the supercritical CO2 extraction process of kaempferol. The kaempferol yield was effectively modelled as a function of the independent variables (temperature, time and pressure). The kaempferol yield increased with the increasing of temperature and time and decreasing of pressure of the supercritical CO2 extraction process. The predicted kaempferol yield at the optimum point was 52.92 µg/g and the optimum conditions were 50.7°C for 132.6 min and 15.9 MPa.

scholarly journals The Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of PLA and ABS Pieces Manufactured by FDM: A Comparative Analysis

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Rodríguez-Panes ◽  
Juan Claver ◽  
Ana Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Lower Variability

This paper presents a comparative study of the tensile mechanical behaviour of pieces produced using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique with respect to the two types of thermoplastic material most widely used in this technique: polylactide (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The aim of this study is to compare the effect of layer height, infill density, and layer orientation on the mechanical performance of PLA and ABS test specimens. The variables under study here are tensile yield stress, tensile strength, nominal strain at break, and modulus of elasticity. The results obtained with ABS show a lower variability than those obtained with PLA. In general, the infill percentage is the manufacturing parameter of greatest influence on the results, although the effect is more noticeable in PLA than in ABS. The test specimens manufactured using PLA perform more rigidly and they are found to have greater tensile strength than ABS. The bond between layers in PLA turns out to be extremely strong and is, therefore, highly suitable for use in additive technologies. The methodology proposed is a reference of interest in studies involving the determination of mechanical properties of polymer materials manufactured using these technologies.

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