On the different formalisms for the transport equations of thermoelectricity: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Manzanares ◽  
Miikka Jokinen ◽  
Javier Cervera
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Dissipation Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Primary Focus

AbstractResearchers in thermoelectricity with backgrounds in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, thermoelectric engineering or condensed-matter physics tend to use different choices of flux densities and generalized forces. These choices are seldom justified from either the dissipation function or the entropy production rate. Because thermoelectric phenomena are a primary focus in several emerging fields, particularly in recent energy-oriented developments, a review of the different formalisms employed is judged timely. A systematic classification of the transport equations is presented here. The requirements on valid transport equations imposed by the invariance of the entropy production are clearly explained. The effective Peltier and Seebeck coefficients, and the thermal conductivity, corresponding to the different choices of flux densities and generalized forces, are identified. Emphasis is made on illustrating the compatibility of apparently disparate formalisms. The advantages and drawbacks of these formalisms are discussed, especially from the point of view of the experimental determination of their thermoelectric coefficients.

scholarly journals ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
М. С. Татар
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Global challenges complex affect the system of international relations, interstate relations, the nature of interaction between economic entities within the state and between economic entities of different states, requiring a radical transformation and modification of the modern global system and the actions of its actors. The aim of the research is to identification, classification of global challenges by strength of impact and probability of occurrence to further determine their impact on the economic entities behavior and the formation of relationships between them. The subject of the research is the global challenges, the strength of their impact and the probability of occurrence and change in time. The methods of the research: logical-substantive method, method of comparison, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The hypothesis of the research. There is a need to identify and classify global challenges to further determination of their impact on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges. The statement of basic materials. The concepts of global challenge, global problem, global risk, global crisis, global catastrophe are considered. It is proposed to consider the global challenge as a situation facing a large number of people who are not able to solve it on their own in an adequate time and they need to join efforts to solve it, which can create a global threat that will result in global problems, risks, crises and catastrophes, and be an incentive for global positive change. The classification of global challenges is proposed, which includes geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the systematic classification of global challenges in order to further determination of the impact of each group of global challenges on changes in both interstate relations and the nature of interaction between individual entities. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The proposed by the author classification of global challenges on the basis of the annotated critical analysis of scientific literature, which is presented by 7 groups of global challenges such as geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural – will be the basis for global challenges impact determining on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges.

Design models of structural building materials under multiaxial stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yozef Eberhardshtayner ◽  
Sergey Leonovich ◽  
Valentin Dorkin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Elastic Stresses ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The monograph presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of wood and concrete of various structures under biaxial and triaxial compression. It contains a systematic classification of existing models for concrete that link three-axis nonlinear elastic stresses and deformations, as well as research and subsequent evaluation of some basic models from the point of view of their possible use in the framework of spatial load analysis using FEM. It is intended for scientific and engineering workers of research and design organizations.

Particle creation from thermodynamics point of view in f(𝒢,T) gravity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150177
Author(s):  
M. Zubair ◽  
Mubashira Rahseed ◽  
Rabia Saleem ◽  
G. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Particle Creation ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Generalized Second Law ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to discuss the gravitationally induced particle creation in the framework of [Formula: see text] theory, which involves the non-minimal coupling (NMC) between Gauss–Bonnet (GB) invariant, [Formula: see text] and trace of the energy–momentum tensor (EMT), [Formula: see text]. Here, NMC between matter and gravitational sector results in non-divergence of EMT. We discuss the generalized conservation equation for the irreversible process of matter creation with the help of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT). Particle creation rate, creation pressure, entropy production rate and temperature are obtained for this theory using flat FRW geometry. We work on three particular [Formula: see text] models and study cosmological implications of open irreversible thermodynamics. Furthermore, the impact of NMC on cosmological evolution and entropy production is briefly discussed.

Information Dimension and the Probabilistic Structure of Chaos

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1304-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Doyne Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metric Entropy ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Information Dimension ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Self Similar

The concepts of entropy and dimension as applied to dynamical systems are reviewed from a physical point of view. The information dimension, which measures the rate at which the information contained in a probability density scales with resolution, fills a logical gap in the classification of attractors in terms of metric entropy, fractal dimension, and topological entropy. Several examples are presented of chaotic attractors that have a self similar, geometrically scaling structure in their probability distribution; for these attractors the information dimension and fractal dimension are different. Just as the metric (Kolmogorov-Sinai) entropy places an upper bound on the information gained in a sequence of measurements, the information dimension can be used to estimate the information obtained in an isolated measurement. The metric entropy can be expressed in terms of the information dimension of a probability distribution constructed from a sequence of measurements. An algorithm is presented that allows the experimental determination of the information dimension and metric entropy.

VECTORS OF BIOECONOMIC S DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (175) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Krotenko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Kanunikova ◽  
O.V. Lesnikova ◽  
Yu.V. Malkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

Today, the world scientific community has not yet formed an agreed point of view on the definition of a «green» economy. Many important generalizations in this direction require development. This is necessary for a more detailed understanding of the essence of the construct under study, determination of scientific and practical goals in this area, identification of approaches, construction of classifications. The article deals with the definitive aspect of the concept of «bioeconomy». As a result of generalization of the already formed theoretical and practical approaches, a classification of directions for the development of bioeconomy was obtained. The main tasks of the author’s research are as follows: a) identifying the role and place of bioeconomics in the system of sciences; b) consideration of the priority directions of its development in an innovative economy in the context of continuous transformation processes, globalization, automation. Solving these problems creates a theoretical basis for training specialists focused on the implementation of competencies in the field of bioeconomics. The methodological basis for the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects 53 ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ of bioeconomics and the proposed conclusions was the scientific content of the official websites of research Russian and foreign institutions working in this area, using the terms «bioeconomics», «biotechnology», «bioengineering education», «transdisciplinarity».

scholarly journals On Entropic Framework Based on Standard and Fractional Phonon Boltzmann Transport Equations

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Nan Li ◽  
Bing-Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Power Series Expansion ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Entropy Density ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
Relaxation Time Approximation ◽  
Entropy Flux

Generalized expressions of the entropy and related concepts in non-Fourier heat conduction have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Based on standard and fractional phonon Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs), we study entropic functionals including entropy density, entropy flux and entropy production rate. Using the relaxation time approximation and power series expansion, macroscopic approximations are derived for these entropic concepts. For the standard BTE, our results can recover the entropic frameworks of classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT) and extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) as if there exists a well-defined effective thermal conductivity. For the fractional BTEs corresponding to the generalized Cattaneo equation (GCE) class, the entropy flux and entropy production rate will deviate from the forms in CIT and EIT. In these cases, the entropy flux and entropy production rate will contain fractional-order operators, which reflect memory effects.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

LEGAL, MORAL AND ETHICAL SIDE OF THE OFFENSE, DISCREDITING HONOR EMPLOYEE THE PENAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
OKSANA KOCHKINA ◽  
◽  
OLGA MARCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Correction System

The article examines the legal and moral and ethical aspects of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system. The considered reason for dismissal has the main feature associated with the integration of legal and moral norms, which often raises a lot of questions about the attribution of a particular offense to this basis. Using the analysis of normative legal acts, the authors attempt to identify the signs that contribute to the separation of the studied grounds for dismissal from all their diversity. The classification of offenses that discredit the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system is presented, which allows to systematize and organize the knowledge obtained about the considered grounds for dismissal. The analysis of a misdemeanor that defames the honor of an employee of the penal system from a moral and ethical position gives an understanding, first of all, that it does not have a clear regulation from the point of view of the law, but the consequences of committing such a misdemeanor are clearly legal. The concepts of “honor” and “dignity” are considered as ethical categories and are analyzed as personal qualities that are manifested in an employee of the penal correction system during the period of service. These categories in the behavior of a person or employee are manifested both externally (assessment from the outside) and internally (self-assessment). The article describes the value orientation of an employee of the criminal Executive system to ethical standards in professional activity, which is an integral part of the moral and ethical side of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee.

THE ESSENCE, THE NEED FOR EVALUATION AND TYPES OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
State Of The Environment

The formation of business strategies of enterprises should be based on a preliminary assessment of their current and future economic opportunities. Such an assessment is to establish the value of the total economic potential of enterprises and its individual varieties. The purpose of this study was to clarify the essence of the economic potential of enterprises, justify the need for its evaluation and selection of its types. The main approaches to interpreting the terms "potential" and "enterprise potential" are identified. These include resource, result, resource-result, resource-target, and result-target concepts. It is established that the potential of any object, including the enterprise, can be interpreted as a set of its external functional properties, which this object shows or can show in a certain state of the environment in which it is located. Accordingly, the assessment of the potential of an object should be based on the identification and determination of its external properties, taking into account the environment in which the object is located. The main situations in which there is a need for information about certain components of the economic potential of the enterprise are identified, and the types of this potential and the consumers of the information about their level, corresponding to these situations, are determined. In particular, such situations include management of production and sales, management of financial and economic results of the enterprise, management of enterprise development, assessment of the company's need for various types of resources, assessment of enterprise value, assessment of current and future impact of the enterprise on the economy of the country (region), etc. The features of classification of types of enterprise potential existing in the scientific literature are supplemented by the following ones: by the main types of economic activity, by the dynamics of changes in the economic and production system of the enterprise, by consequences for the subject of enterprise potential assessment, by the stages of economic activity, enterprise potential, etc. The obtained results make it possible to improve the understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the formation of the economic potential of enterprises.

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