scholarly journals Usate of Filter Tube to Reduce Pb, Turbidity And Increase pH of Rain Water Flowing Through Zinc Rooftop House

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Khayan Khayan ◽  
Husodo Husodo ◽  
Sudarmadji Sudarmadji ◽  
Sugandawaty Sugandawaty
Keyword(s):  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Filter Tube ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Average Lead

Pb contained in rain water comes from zinc rooftop, beside that, it comes from the pollutant dissolved and comes into rain water reservoir and is used for community drinking water source. This research objective is to evaluate Pb, pH and turbidity of rain water before and after process and to analyze efectivity of shell sand filtration and activated carbon absorbtion in the filter tube to decrease Pb and turbidity and increase pH of rain water. This research is an experiment with pre and post test design with control and observational with cross sectional design. It is conducted in Pontianak and Kubu Raya West Kalimantan in 2016 with two target regions which represent urban and rural ones. The result indicated that average lead (Pb) contained in rain water and turbidity process is high with 131.7 g/l and 20 NTU and pH is low with 5.2. After process, Pb become 0.71 g/l and turbidity become 5.66 NTU while pH increases to 6.9. The effectivity of filter tube to reduce lead (Pb) contained in rain water is 99.4% and to reduce turbidity is 72%.

scholarly journals The Utilization of E-Learning for Improving Knowledge on Covid-19 Prevention and Control for Paramedics at Permata Bunda Hospital in Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Masrul . ◽  
Sahat Halim
Keyword(s):  
Learning System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
System Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has been declared a world pandemic by WHO. This virus and disease are known to have started in the city of Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of March 21, 2020, the number of cases of this disease has reached 275,469 people, spread across 166 countries, including Indonesia. Prevention is the key to deciding the transmission process so it is necessary to carry out a process of increasing knowledge through an e-learning system. Method: This research is analytic with cross sectional design with 188 participants. This study uses a questionnaire measuring tool that is accessed online and analyzed into univariate and bivariate Result: The use of e-learning has proven to be an effect in increasing paramedics knowledge about COVID-19. From the results of Wilcoxon's analysis, there are differences in knowledge before and after the use of e-learning. The average post-test score has increased by about 72 when compared to the pre-test mean score. Conclusion: Some paramedics already have good knowledge about COVID-19, but the use of e-learning has proven to be effective in increasing paramedic knowledge. Keywords: COVID - 19, e - learning, knowledge.

scholarly journals Doctors' experience of a bespoke physician consultation service: cross-sectional investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meerten ◽  
Julia Bland ◽  
Samantha R. Gross ◽  
Antony I. Garelick
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consultation Model ◽  
Evaluation Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Case Note Review

Aims and methodOur aim was to follow-up on a cohort of self-referred doctors who attended MedNet. We used a two-point cross-sectional design. Measures included three standardised self-report questionnaires administered before and after consultation. Doctors were also asked to complete a service user questionnaire, and data regarding engagement and onward referrals were gathered through case-note review.ResultsA statistically significant improvement in scores on all three questionnaires was found after intervention; however, scores on one subscale, the risk domain of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure, did not change significantly. Of the doctors at no risk of suicide at intake, nearly two-thirds (n = 41/70, 59%) were sufficiently helped by the consultations provided to not need further treatment. Of the doctors at some risk of suicide at intake, two-thirds (n = 34/51, 67%) did need an onward referral. Only one doctor required hospital admission, an outcome that suggests the approach used is containing and clinically responsive.Clinical implicationsThis paper highlights the efficacy, need and importance of specialist services for doctors in difficulty. We found that the bespoke consultation model provided at MedNet is valued highly by the doctors as service users.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum HIF-1α Levels in Swimming Athletes Before and After Hypoxic Non-Hypoxic Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Syahrastani Syahrastani ◽  
Argantos Argantos ◽  
Siska Alicia Farma
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

The situation of lack of oxygen supply to cells and tissues is often not realized by many people (hypoxia). Hypoxia can occur in various situations in life. The main effect of hypoxia is the effect on the brain, so the body will do everything it can to restore the state of homeostasis. HIF-1α protein is a marker of hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α regulates the synthesis of many genes to maintain and restore body homeostasis from hypoxia to normoxia. This study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The sample of this study were six swimming athletes with a 12-19 year age range who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The HIF-1α protein is measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed statistically. The results showed higher levels of HIF-1α after anaerobic exercise than the levels of HIF-1α before and after aerobic exercise. This is greatly influenced by the intensity of the exercise carried out. This proves that cellular adaptation to hypoxia is more stable in aerobic exercise, where the body's metabolism during aerobic exercise is more stable  

scholarly journals Assessment of Alcohol Consumption and Anxiety as Predictors of Risk of Anorexia and Bulimia in Non-Clinicals Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6293
Author(s):  
Gisela Pineda-García ◽  
Estefanía Ochoa-Ruiz ◽  
Gilda Gómez-Peresmitré ◽  
Silvia Platas-Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Disturbance Model ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of alcohol consumption, anxiety, and food restriction before and after consuming alcohol and body image on the risk of anorexia and bulimia in college students from Tijuana, Baja California, through predictive statistical models. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design and a non-probabilistic sample of 526 college students from Tijuana, Baja California, México were used. Application of the scales (with acceptable psychometric properties) was conducted in classrooms. Through path analyses, four models were found with adequate indicators of goodness of fit: (1) risk of anorexia in women [Chi Square (X2) = 5.34, p = 0.376, Adjusted Determination Coefficient (R2)= 0.250]; (2) anorexia risk for men (X2 = 13.067, p = 0.192, R2 = 0.058); (3) risk of bulimia in women (X2 = 3.358, p = 0.645, R2 = 0.202); and bulimia risk for men (X2 = 14.256, p = 0.075, R2 = 0.284). The findings provide empirical evidence for the food and alcohol disturbance model.

scholarly journals What happens to the physical and psychosocial work environment when activity-based offices are introduced into academia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Berthelsen ◽  
Tuija Muhonen ◽  
Susanna Toivanen
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

PurposeThere is an increased interest for introducing activity-based offices at universities. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about the importance of the built environment for the psychosocial work environment within academia by analyzing how staff at a large Swedish university experienced the physical and psychosocial work environment before and after moving to activity-based offices.Design/methodology/approachA Web-based survey was distributed to all employees at two faculties at a university three months before (2015,n= 217, response rate 51 per cent) and nine months after (2016,n= 200, response rate 47 per cent) relocation to a new activity-based university building.FindingsIn the new premises, a vast majority (86 per cent) always occupied the same place when possible, and worked also more often from home. The social community at work had declined and social support from colleagues and supervisors was perceived to have decreased. The participants reported a lower job satisfaction after the relocation and were more likely to seek new jobs. No aspects in the physical or psychosocial work environment were found to have improved after the relocation.Research/limitations implicationsThe study had a two-wave cross-sectional design, which does not allow establishing causal relations.Practical implicationsThere is reason to be cautious about relocation to activity-based offices at universities. The potential savings in costs for premises may lead to may be followed by an increase in other costs. The risk that staff cannot concentrate on their work in activity-based university workplaces and lose their sense of community with colleagues are factors, which in the long run may lead to decreased efficiency, more conflicts and poorer well-being.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with new knowledge concerning changes in the physical and psychosocial work environment when relocating from cell offices to activity-based offices in a university setting.

scholarly journals The prevalence of noma in northwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e002141
Author(s):  
Elise Farley ◽  
Modupe Juliana Oyemakinde ◽  
Jorien Schuurmans ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Fatima Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Oral Screening

BackgroundNoma, a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, mainly affects children. The true burden is unknown. This study reports estimated noma prevalence in children in northwest Nigeria.MethodsOral screening was performed on all ≤15 year olds, with caretaker consent, in selected households during this cross-sectional survey. Noma stages were classified using WHO criteria and caretakers answered survey questions. The prevalence of noma was estimated stratified by age group (0–5 and 6–15 years). Factors associated with noma were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 177 clusters, 3499 households and 7122 children were included. In this sample, 4239 (59.8%) were 0–5 years and 3692 (52.1%) were female. Simple gingivitis was identified in 3.1% (n=181; 95% CI 2.6 to 3.8), acute necrotising gingivitis in 0.1% (n=10; CI 0.1 to 0.3) and oedema in 0.05% (n=3; CI 0.02 to 0.2). No cases of late-stage noma were detected. Multivariable analysis in the group aged 0–5 years showed having a well as the drinking water source (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1; CI 1.2 to 3.6) and being aged 3–5 years (aOR 3.9; CI 2.1 to 7.8) was associated with being a noma case. In 6–15 year olds, being male (aOR 1.5; CI 1.0 to 2.2) was associated with being a noma case and preparing pap once or more per week (aOR 0.4; CI 0.2 to 0.8) was associated with not having noma. We estimated that 129120 (CI 105294 to 1 52 947) individuals <15 years of age would have any stage of noma at the time of the survey within the two states. Most of these cases (93%; n=120 082) would be children with simple gingivitis.ConclusionsOur study identified a high prevalence of children at risk of developing advanced noma. This disease is important but neglected and therefore merits inclusion in the WHO neglected tropical diseases list.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Method of Rapid Determination of Trichloroacetaldehyde in Water Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Ruo Kun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Purge And Trap ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Chloral alkali at room temperature Can be quickly converted into chloroform completely, Application of this principle, By Purge and Trap GC/MS method , Determination of the alkali content of chloroform in water before and after the difference, Inverse to get the water content of chloral. NaOH were added to different volumetric flask. It is flask with standard solutions in different concentrations. Aside a certain amount of determination, error is larger. NaOH was injected directly into the injector. This was the method. It completely transformed in Purge and Trap, greatly reduces human error. The linear range is 0.5-20ug/L, the minimum detection limit can reach 0.05ug/L, the relative standard deviation is less than 2.3%, the average recovery was 97.5%. This method is simple and quick,the results are accurate and reliable, which is able to meet the drinking water source in the analytical needs of chloral.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTER DENGAN MINAT MAHASISWA KEBIDANAN STIKES BINA USADA MENJADI ENTERPRENEUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
I Gede Wirajaya ◽  
Alfiery Leda Kio ◽  
Nina Rismawati Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Midwifery is one of many professions in the world of health assigned to help the process of labor for mothers, including the caregiving during the childbirth and has as well become the only profession to assist women in the pre and post-labor. The large amount of midwife graduates as counted in every year is contributing in the increasing number of unemployment in Indonesia. For those who had been graduated as a midwife in addition with specific skills of taking care for mothers before and after the birth giving, must have not been unemployed after being equipped with the knowledge of entrepreneurship as there should be an opportunity to create business and new job fields for others. STIKES Bina Usada Bali has inserted entrepreneurship subject to become compulsory in the curriculum to help give new vision to the students. This research is aimed to see the influence of entrepreneurship education to the interest of becoming an entrepreneur for midwifery students of STIKES Bina Usada Bali. The cross sectional design was implemented in this research by applying quantitative method of approach. The data were collected in September 2019 through questionnaire distributed to 39 students of midwifery. The data analysis included Kendall’s Tau univariate and bivariate analysis. The univariate analysis showed that most students had moderate characteristics for entrepreneurship numbered 16 of the total students (43.2%) and those with high interest in entrepreneurship was in the number of 18 students (48.6%). Meanwhile, the bivariate analysis with Kendall Tau’s correlation value of -0.775 showed the presence of weak level of correlation with the value of p=0.00 less than ɑ =0.05 (p<0.05) meaning that there was significant relation between the education of entrepreneurship and the interest in becoming entrepreneurs of the midwifery students of STIKES Bina Usada Bali. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Lectures, Entrepreneurs Interest, Midwifery. Bidan merupakan salah satu profesi dalam dunia kesehatan yang memiliki tugas untuk membantu proses melahirkan pada seorang ibu, memberi asuhan pada masa persalinan dan menjadi satu–satunya profesi yang memiliki tugas untuk merawat seorang wanita yang akan melahirkan dan  juga setelah melahirkan. Banyaknya lulusan bidan setiap tahunnya menjadi salah satu penyebab meningkatnya jumlah pengangguran di Indonesia. Lulusan bidan yang sudah memiliki kemampuan yang khusus dalam bidang pengasuhan dan perawatan seorang ibu yang sedang mengandung dan setelah melahirkan, seharusnya tidak menjadi pengangguran ketika mereka dibekali pengetahuan tentang entrepreneurship, karena mereka dapat membangun usaha mereka sendiri dan bahkan mampu membuka lapangan pekerjaan. STIKES Bina Usada Bali menambahkan mata kuliah entrepreneurship sebagai salah satu mata kuliah yang wajib diambil oleh mahasiswa untuk memberikan pandangan baru kepada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pendidikan entrepreneurship terhadap minat mahasiswa kebidanan STIKES Bina Usada Bali menjadi seorang entrepreneur. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan September 2019 melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh 39 mahasiswa kebidanan. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat Korelasi Kendall’s Tau. Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar memiliki karakter entrepreneur sedang sebanyak 16 mahasiswa (43,2%) dan mahasiswa yang memiliki minat tinggi menjadi entrepreneur sebanyak 18 mahasiswa (48,6%%). Analisis bivariat dengan nilai korelasi Kendall’s Tau sebesar -0,775 menunjukkan adanya tingkat hubungan yang lemah dengan nilai p= 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05 (p<0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan entrepreneurship dengan minat mahasiswa kebidanan STIKES Bina Usada Bali menjadi entrepreneur.  Kata Kunci: Kuliah Entrepreneurship, Minat Entrepreneur, Bidan.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK RUMAH TANGGA PENGGUNA AIR MINUM KEMASAN DAN ISI ULANG DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Elsa Elsi ◽  
Sahat P Manalu ◽  
Dasuki Dasuki ◽  
Aria Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

ABSTRACT One of SDG's 2030 targets is that households have access to drinking water. The phenomenon is some of community use bottled water/refill as drinking water. The aim of this article are knowing household proportion with improve clean water source and water collecting time that use bottled water/refill drinking water, and relation of clean water source characteristics with using bottle/refill drinking water. Research design is cross sectional. Dependent variable is household drinking water sources type, independents are household clean water source characteristics, and travel time collecting water. Bivariate data analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between the proportion of bottled / refilled water users by households with adequate water sources and households that use inappropriate water sources. The results showed that proportion of households with unimproved drinking water sources, unimproved clean water source and unimproved water collecting time are greater using bottled/refill  drinking, each (7,6%) and (26,7%). There are statistic significances relation between household with unimproved drinking water source, unimproved travel time collecting water with using bottled/ relill drinking water (p = 0,000). Also found statistic significances between household with improved drinking water source, unimproved clean water source and unimproved travel time collecting water with using bottled/ relill drinking water (p = 0,000). Keywords: Bottled water, refill drinking water, improved water   ABSTRAK Salah satu target SDG’s 2030 adalah rumah tangga memiliki akses terhadap air minum. Sebagian masyarakat menggunakan air minum kemasan/ isi ulang sebagai air minum. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengguna air minum kemasan/isi ulang sebagai sumber air utama. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Variabel terikat adalah jenis sumber air minum rumah tangga, sedangkan variabel bebas terdiri dari karakteristik sumber air utama dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengambil air. Analisis data secara bivariat dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara proporsi pengguna air minum kemasan/isi ulang oleh rumah tangga dengan sumber air layak dengan rumah tangga yang menggunakan sumber air tidak  layak.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi pengguna air minum kemasan/isi ulang oleh  rumah tangga dengan sumber air minum yang belum layak  lebih tinggi diibandingkan dengan rumah tangga dengan sumber air minum layak, yaitu masing-masing (7,6%) dan (26,7%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara rumah tangga dengan sumber air minum belum layak, dengan waktu tempuh pengambilan air belum layak terhadap penggunaan air minum kemasan/ isi ulang (p=0,000).  Pada rumah tangga dengan  sumber air minum layak, sumber air utama belum layak dan waktu pengambilan belum layak juga ditemukan hubungan bermakna secara statistik terhadap penggunaan air minum kemasan/ isi ulang (p=0,000). Kata kunci: Air kemasan, air minum isi ulang, air layak

scholarly journals Prevention of Contact Dermatitis Due to Hand Hygiene in The Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Damayanti Damayanti ◽  
Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa ◽  
Sylvia Anggraeni ◽  
Menul Ayu Umborowati
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Hand Hygiene Campaign ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is known to cause COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), and it is rapidly spreading throughout the world that it is declared as a global pandemic. Hand hygiene is widely promoted as it is recommended to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Contact dermatitis is one of the risks of hand hygiene campaign during the COVID-19. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the parents' level of knowledge before and after health education about contact dermatitis due to hand hygiene. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, and the data was collected via questionnaires. This study involved 53 respondents. Result: There was a significant increase in respondents' knowledge level after being educated (Wilcoxon test, p=0.000), as evidenced in the mean score of pre-test and post-test evaluation. Conclusion: To lower the incidence, education on contact dermatitis prevention due to hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic is required.

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