Mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite: Effect of chemical treatment by benzenediazonium salt in alkaline medium

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1618-1625
Author(s):  
M. Alamgir Kabir ◽  
M. Monimul Huque ◽  
M. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Andrzej K. Bledzki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Pp Composites

Raw jute fiber was treated with o-hydroxybenzenediazonium salt (o-HBDS) in alkaline media. Raw and modified jute fiber were used to prepare composites by mixing with polypropylene (PP) plastic in different weight fractions (20, 25, 30, and 35%) of jute fiber. The mechanical properties except elongation at break of o-HBDS-treated (in alkaline medium) jute fiber-PP composite were higher than those of PP alone, raw jute fiber-PP composites, and alkali-treated jute fiber-PP composites. The elongation at break of treated jute-PP composite decreased to a large extent as compared to that of PP. The increase of tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Charpy impact strength were found to be exceptionally high (in some cases ~200%) as compared to those of literature values.

scholarly journals Improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with coconut shell particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 263498332110074
Author(s):  
Henry C Obasi ◽  
Uchechi C Mark ◽  
Udochukwu Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Shell Particles

Conventional inorganic fillers are widely used as fillers for polymer-based composites. Though, their processing difficulties and cost have demanded the quest for credible alternatives of organic origin like coconut shell fillers. Dried shells of coconut were burnt, ground, and sifted to sizes of 63, 150, 300, and 425 µm. The ground coconut shell particles (CSP) were used as a filler to prepare polypropylene (PP) composites at filler contents of 0% to 40% via injection melt blending process to produce PP composite sheets. The effect of the filler particle size on the mechanical properties was investigated. The decrease in the size of filler (CSP) was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of PP by 8.5 MPa, 15.75 MPa, 1.72 GPa, 7.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 10.5 HR for 63 µm at 40%, respectively. However, the elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the PP composites were seen to increase with increase in the filler size. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that fillers with 63 µm particle size had the best distribution and interaction with the PP matrix resulting in enhanced properties.

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Reinforced Polyethylene Composites Using Experiments with Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bilal ◽  
Richard Lin ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

In recent years, the use of agro-wastes, such as rice husk (RH), in the manufacture of thermoplastic composites to replace wood fibres has emerged as a promising field of interest. Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and ground rice husk (GRH) were used to manufacture composites. The D-optimal design routine in Design Expert software was used to select ten different blends with different percentages of RH, MDPE and compatibiliser, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) along with four replicate blends. RH was varied between 15 to 50 wt%, MAPE between 1 to 6 wt% and MDPE between 44 to 84 wt%. The effects of RH, MDPE and MAPE content on the mechanical properties of the manufactured composites were examined. The results show that tensile and flexural properties of the composites were improved, whereas, Charpy impact strength was decreased with increasing RH loading. The effect of MAPE on tensile strength and Charpy impact strength was significant, but its effect was negligible on tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Coir-fibre-reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Begum ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. M. Huque
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Pp Composites

The utilization of natural fibres as reinforcement in polymer composites has been increased significantly for their lightweight, low cost, high specific strength, modulus and biodegradable characteristic. In this present work, the mechanical properties of randomly distributed short coir-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites have been studied as a function of fibre loading. In order to improve the composite’s mechanical properties, raw coir fibres were treated with 1% alkali (NaOH) solution. Both raw and alkali treated coir-fibre-reinforced PP composites were prepared with different fibre loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 wt%) using a double roller open mixer machine and injection molding machine. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were investigated for the prepared composites. The alkali treated coir-fibre-reinforced PP composites showed better results in mechanical properties compared to untreated composites. Finally, the optical microscopic studies were carried out on fractured surfaces of the tensile test specimens, which indicated weak interfacial bonding between the fibre and the polymer.

The Effect of Binder on Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fibre/Polypropylene Composites Using Full Factorial Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amran ◽  
Raja Izamshah ◽  
Mohd Hadzley ◽  
Mohd Shahir ◽  
Mohd Amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Fibre Loading

The effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as binder on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibre/polypropylene (KF/PP) composites is studied. Ratios between kenaf fibre and PP having 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 in weight ratio were selected. Further, MAPP having 1, 3 and 5 percent in percentage of weight ratio was mixed in KF/PP composites. Hot press machine was used to produce tensile test samples of KF/PP composites. The mechanical properties that are tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of KF-PP composites were obtained from tensile test result. It is found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increase with increasing the kenaf fibre loading and higher percentage of MAPP. Further, the elongation at break for KF/PP composites shows lower result when increasing of kenaf fibre loading. However, when percentage of MAPP added in KF/PP composites increases, the elongation at break increased slightly. Thus, result shows that kenaf fibre/PP composites with binder were better in tensile strength, tensile modulus however the elongation at break shows weak result unless the binder was added.

scholarly journals Statistical Design of Biocarbon Reinforced Sustainable Composites from Blends of Polyphthalamide (PPA) and Polyamide 4,10 (PA410)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5387
Author(s):  
Mateo Gonzalez de Gortari ◽  
Manjusri Misra ◽  
Stefano Gregori ◽  
Amar K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Material Space ◽  
Full Factorial

A full factorial design with four factors (the ratio of polyphthalamide (PPA) and polyamide 4,10 (PA410) in the polymer matrix, content percent of biocarbon (BioC), the temperature at which it was pyrolyzed and the presence of a chain extender (CE)), each factor with two levels (high and low), was carried out to optimize the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. After applying a linear model, changes in tensile strength, elongation at break and impact energy were not statistically significant within the considered material space, while the ones in the flexural modulus, the tensile modulus, density and heat deflection temperature (HDT) were. The two most influential factors were the content of BioC and its pyrolysis temperature, followed by the content of PPA. The affinity of PPA with a high-temperature biocarbon and the affinity of PA410 with a lower-temperature biocarbon, appear to explain the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. The study also revealed that the addition of CE hindered the mechanical properties. By maximizing the flexural modulus, tensile modulus and HDT, while minimizing the density, the optimal composite predicted is an 80 [PPA:PA410 (25:75)] wt% polymer composite, with 20 wt% of a BioC, pyrolyzed at a calculated 823 °C.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers-Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Rafał Malinowski ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Moraczewski ◽  
Wojciech Głuszewski ◽  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hemp Fibers

The need for the development of new biodegradable materials and modification of the properties the current ones possess has essentially increased in recent years. The aim of this study was the comparison of changes occurring in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) due to its modification by high-energy electron beam derived from a linear electron accelerator, as well as the addition of natural fibers in the form of cut hemp fibers. Changes to the fibers structure in the obtained composites and the geometrical surface structure of sample fractures with the use of scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined, including tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the modified PCL. It was found that PCL, modified with hemp fibers and/or electron radiation, exhibited enhanced flexural modulus but the elongation at break and impact strength decreased. Depending on the electron radiation dose and the hemp fibers content, tensile strength decreased or increased. It was also found that hemp fibers caused greater changes to the mechanical properties of PCL than electron radiation. The prepared composites exhibited uniform distribution of the dispersed phase in the polymer matrix and adequate adhesion at the interface between the two components.

The influence of adding long basalt fiber on the mechanical and thermal properties of composites based on poly(oxymethylene)

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bazan ◽  
Stanisław Kuciel ◽  
Mariola Sądej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy

The work has evaluated the possibility of the potential reinforcing of poly(oxymethylene) (POM) by basalt fibers (BFs) and influence of BFs addition on thermal properties. Two types of composites were produced by injection molding. There were 20 and 40 wt% long BFs content with an average length of 1 mm. The samples were made without using a compatibilizer. In the experimental part, the basic mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at break, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and deflection at 3.5% strain) of composites based on POM were determined. Tensile properties were also evaluated at three temperatures −20°C, 20°C, and 80°C. The density and Charpy impact of the produced composites were also examined. The influence of water absorption on mechanical properties was investigated. Thermal properties were conducted by the differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuation total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy analysis. In order to make reference to the effects of reinforcement and determine the structure characteristics, scanning electron microscopy images were taken. The addition of 20 and 40 wt% by weight of fibers increases the strength and the stiffness of such composites by more than 30–70% in the range scale of temperature. Manufactured composites show higher thermal and dimensional stability in relation to neat POM.

scholarly journals Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Bianka Nagy ◽  
Norbert Miskolczi ◽  
Zoltán Eller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.

scholarly journals Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Mechanical Properties for Polyamide 2200 (PA12) in Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanna Baturynska
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Elongation At Break

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive technology for manufacturing industry due to flexibility in design and functionality, but inconsistency in quality is one of the major limitations that does not allow utilizing this technology for production of end-use parts. Prediction of mechanical properties can be one of the possible ways to improve the repeatability of the results. The part placement, part orientation, and STL model properties (number of mesh triangles, surface, and volume) are used to predict tensile modulus, nominal stress and elongation at break for polyamide 2200 (also known as PA12). EOS P395 polymer powder bed fusion system was used to fabricate 217 specimens in two identical builds (434 specimens in total). Prediction is performed for XYZ, XZY, ZYX, and Angle orientations separately, and all orientations together. The different non-linear models based on machine learning methods have higher prediction accuracy compared with linear regression models. Linear regression models have prediction accuracy higher than 80% only for Tensile Modulus and Elongation at break in Angle orientation. Since orientation-based modeling has low prediction accuracy due to a small number of data points and lack of information about material properties, these models need to be improved in the future based on additional experimental work.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical properties of epoxy-jute fiber composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ahmad ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MF Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Elongation At Break

Chopped jute fiber-epoxy composites with varying fiber length (2-12 mm) and mass fraction (0.05-0.35) had been prepared by a heat press unit. The cross-linked product was characterized in terms of specific gravity, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break. The transverse thermal conductivities for randomly oriented fibers in the composite were investigated by Lees and Charlton’s method. The tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were investigated by a Universal Tensile Tester. With an increase in the fiber content (irrespective of the fiber length), the thermal conductivity of the composite decreases; the decreasing rate being highest for the fiber length of 2 mm followed by that for the fiber length of 6 and 12 mm. The decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity of the jute-epoxy composite is comparatively higher to that reported in literature for acrylic polymer hemp fiber composite. The tensile strength also decreases with the increase of the fiber content in the composite. The fiber length does not show to have significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite; the variation in strength being masked within experimental error. The Young modulus increases with the increase of fiber content within elastic limit; showing the highest values for the fiber length of 6 mm followed by those for the fiber length of 2 mm and 12 mm. The elongation at break shows slightly increasing trend up to 15% fiber content, but beyond that it decreases drastically. The specific gravity decreases with the increase in the fiber content and thus the recalculated specific tensile strength is found to keep at a stable level of 36MPa up to the fiber content of 20%, and beyond that the specific tensile strength decreases with the increase in the fiber content. It is concluded that jute fiber-epoxy composite could be used as a good heat-insulating material. Further investigation is recommended on the improvement of the thermal insulation keeping the mechanical properties unchanged or even improved. The TGA study is also required to ascertain the field of application of the material. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17807 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82

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