scholarly journals Influence of the liposomal preparation Butaintervite on protein synthesis function in the livers of rats under the influence of carbon tetrachloride poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
M. I. Hariv ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ◽  
Liposomal Preparation ◽  
Experimental Group

This article presents the results of research into the influence of the complex liposomal preparation Butaintervit on protein synthesis function in the livers of rats under the influence of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Intramuscular injection of carbon tetrachloride into rats at a dose of 0.25 ml per100 gof body weight causes antigenic load on the body and leads to disruption of protein synthesis function in the liver. This is shown by reduction in blood levels of total protein and its fractions. Thus, the level of albumin in the serum of rats under the conditions of oxidative stress was 70% lower than in clinically healthy animals. However, the level of total protein in the serum was only 10% lower. This is because, along with the decrease of albumin content in the serum, the levels of globulin protein fraction increased by 8.8%. This has led to albumin/globulin disparities in the serum of sick animals. As a result, the value of A/G coefficient was 0.28 ± 0.03, compared to 0.52 ±0.02 inclinically healthy rats. For the normalization of functional state of the liver under oxidative stress it is advisable to apply the liposomal preparation Butaintervite, which in its structure contains butafosfan, interferon, thistle and vitamins A, D and E. Under conditions of oxidative stress and under the action of the liposomal preparation in the rats from the second experimental group we have found significant increase in the levels of total protein and albumins and a decrease in serum globulin in the animals on the fifth and tenth days of the experiment. On the fourteenth day of the experiment under the conditions of oxidative stress and under the action of the liposomal preparation in the rats from the second experimental group the normalization of protein synthesis function in the liver was observed. The level of indicators of total protein, albumin, globulin and the coefficient of albumin/globulin compared with the control group of animals were within normal values.

scholarly journals The effect of cadmium loading on protein synthesis function and functional state of laying hens’ liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
B. Gutyj ◽  
A. Ostapiuk ◽  
N. Kachmar ◽  
O. Stadnytska ◽  
O. Sobolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Experimental Group

In the article are considered issues related to the study of the effect of cadmium on the body of birds, in particular laying hens. The effect of cadmium sulfate at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight on protein synthesis function and functional state of the liver were investigated of cross-laying Hysex white hens, of 78 weeks old. Three groups of chickens were formed: two experimental and one control groups. The laying hens of the experimental groups were subjected to a cadmium load. Laying chickens of the first experimental group were given cadmium sulfate at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight. Laying chickens of the second experimental group were given cadmium sulfate at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg body weight. Laying chickens in the control group were in the normal diet without cadmium. Increased activity of aminotransferases, in particular alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in their serum of hens, was observed during cadmium binge drinking in doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. These changes indicate a violation of the functional state of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium load. In the study of protein synthesis of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium loading, it was found that cadmium sulfate in the above doses contributed to a significant decrease in the level of total protein by 14, 21 and 30 days of the experiment. The reduction of total protein in the blood of laying hens was due to a decrease in the level of albumin, which in the second experimental group, respectively, decreased to 28.16 ± 0.75%, whereas in the first – 29.62 ± 0.98%. In the study of the level of globulins, it is possible to increase this indicator in both experimental groups of poultry for 21 days. Drinking with water cadmium sulfate at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg body weight was associated with a more likely decrease in total protein and albumin than drinking cadmium sulfate at a lower dose.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROILER CHICKEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikulin ◽  
Aleksandra Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study is to increase the productive qualities of broiler chickens by including ultrafine silicon oxide into main diet. During the experiment, the biological effect of ultrafine silicon oxide on broiler chickens was estab-lished. Use of ultrafine SiO2 particles for poultry feeding contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and content of total protein and albumins. By the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in birds in-creased by 17.43% (P≤0.001) – in the blood of birds of the first experimental group, 16.51% (P≤0.01) – the second one, 20.80% (P≤0.001) – the third experimental and 21.71% (P≤0.001) – the fourth experimental group, compared with the indicator of the control group. The amount of total protein in blood serum of chickens of the first and the second experimental groups increased by 1.36-1.39 %, in the third and fourth ones there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase by 5.45 and 3.05%, respectively. The blood glucose content of chickens in the experimental groups is higher by 8.04-23.65% compared to this indicator with ones in the control group. During the experiment feed con-sumption per 1 kg gain of live weight decreased: in the first experimental group by 3.00 % in the second by – 0.50 %, the third – 6.00 % the fourth– by 4.50 %, compared to this with the control group. The chicken’s vibrancy of the first the experimental group was higher by 4.77 %, the second – by 6.20 %, the third – by 19.25 % and the fourth– by 11.59% than in the control one. Consequently, when converting the feed energy into the body energy of a broiler chicken, the energy conversion coefficient of the experimental group of poultry is higher than that of the control one by 7.16-21.76 %. Thus, the most optimal dose for further research was determined.

scholarly journals Metallothionein and Glutathione Content as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Mussels and Local Fishermen in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza A. Saad ◽  
Amany El-Sikaily ◽  
Hany Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abu Qir Bay

Background. When heavy metals accumulate in air, soil, and water, the risk of human exposure increases among industrial workers, as well as in people living near polluted areas. Heavy metals adversely affect a variety of bodily systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. In addition, long-term exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body may disturb oxidative stress genes and thus increase the susceptibility to various diseases. Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the metallothionein concentration in both mussel samples from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt and the blood of local fishermen as a biomarker of exposure to metal pollution. Methods. Levels of metallothionein and heavy metals were measured in mussels. Blood levels of metallothionein and heavy metals of local fishermen were measured and compared with a control group. The effect of heavy metal exposure on oxidative stress status was investigated through the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione content. Results. The results of this study showed high concentrations of metallothionein in mussels and in fishermen's blood, accompanied by high concentrations of metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, a significant decrease in glutathione content and catalase enzyme activity was associated with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentrations in sera of fishermen. Conclusions. The present study found that the El Maadiya region is polluted with heavy metals, inducing oxidative stress in fishermen in the vicinity. These results reveal the necessity of further environmental monitoring in the study area in order to evaluate other types of pollutants and their effects on human health.

scholarly journals Activity of the T- and B-system of the cell immunity of animals under conditions of oxidation stress and effects of the liposomal drug

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khariv ◽  
B. Gutyj ◽  
N. Ohorodnyuk ◽  
O. Vishchur ◽  
I. Khariv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Liposomal Preparation ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of research on the influence of the elaborated complex immunotropic drug containing butafosfan, interferon, thistle and fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E in the form of a liposomal emulsion on the activity of T- and B-cell chains of immunity in rats under the conditions of action on the body of oxidative stress are presented. It has been established that the introduction of 50% tetrachloromethane into the rats of the first and second experimental groups, with a dose of 0.25 ml per 100 g of body weight, causes oxidative stress in them which negatively affects the cellular immunity and functional activity of immunocompetent blood cells. Immunosuppressive effects of oxidative stress were manifested by a decrease in the blood of rats in the first and second experimental groups of the number of T- and B-lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations mainly on the 2nd and 5th day of the study. At the same time, in the blood of rats of the first experimental group in all research periods a decrease in the relative number of common, active and theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes was observed with a noticeable increase in the number of their undifferentiated forms. At the same time, the obtained data suggest the positive effect of butafosfan, interferon, thistle and vitamins A, D3, E in the liposomal preparation on the relative amount of T- and B-lymphocytes and on the redistribution of avidity in the direction of strengthening the receptor field of plasma membranes immunocompetent cells. It was found that the normalization on the 2nd day of blood level in the second experimental group of common T-lymphocytes occurred due to the secondary forms of the blood and active T-lymphocytes by changes in the number of low-avid forms. In addition to the indicators characterizing the cellular immunity of rats, the components of the liposomal preparation showed regulatory influence on the humoral link of the immune response. In particular, on the 10th day of research in blood of rats of the second experimental group a tendency towards an increase in the relative number of B-lymphocytes and an increase in the number of cells with low and medium density of receptors was found, which, under the conditions of oxidative stress, indicates an increase in the body's ability to actively synthesize protective antibodies

scholarly journals The effect of sodium selenite and feed additive “Metisevit plus” on the protein-synthesizing function and functional state of the liver of rats under prolonged cadmium and lead loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (100) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
S. О. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
D. F. Gufriy ◽  
P. S. Hnativ ◽  
S. D. Murska
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

In the conditions of modern technogenic pollution of the environment, environmental problems, improving the quality of livestock products and their food safety is an important and urgent issue today. Pollution of the environment with heavy metals due to man-made activities of the population has led to a number of problems of agricultural production. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sodium selenite and feed additive “Metisevit plus” on the protein-synthesizing function and functional state of the liver of rats in lead-cadmium intoxication. It was found that the level of total protein in the blood of rats exposed to cadmium and lead was reduced. These changes were due to a decrease in albumin levels and an increase in globulin levels. Thus, hypoproteinemia resulting from cadmium and lead poisoning may indicate impaired hepatic protein synthesis. Transamination enzymes play a major role in the relationship between protein and carbohydrate metabolism, which is important for switching the oxidation of energy substrates from glucose to amino acid energy nutrition, which is extremely important under the influence of various environmental factors. The most active transaminases are aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. In the study of the activity of aminotransferases in the serum of rats treated with lead acetate and cadmium chloride, an increase in the activity of enzymes in all periods of the study. The highest activity of aminotransferases was on days 21 and 28 of the experiment in the control group of rats, which carried out the combined load of cadmium and lead. Thus, the load of the body of animals with cadmium and lead contributes to the violation of the functional state and protein-synthesizing function of the liver of animals of the experimental groups. With the introduction of sodium selenite into the body of rats, the activity of ALT and AST in the serum of the first experimental group was slightly reduced compared with the control group. However, the activity of these enzymes did not reach physiological values. When setting the feed additive “Metisevit plus” throughout the experiment, it was found that the activity of aminotransferases in the serum of rats of the second experimental group ranged within physiological values. This is due to the hepatoprotective effect of the components of the feed additive “Metisevit Plus”. In the study of protein-synthesizing function of rat liver in experimental lead-cadmium toxicosis, it was found that after application to rats of the first experimental group of sodium selenite on days 14, 21 and 28, the level of total protein in serum gradually increased, but did not reach physiological values. Using the feed supplement “Metisevit plus” rats of the second experimental group, found a slightly higher level of total protein in their blood, which on the 28th day of the experiment reached physiological values and, accordingly, amounted to 66.8 ± 1.99 g/l. It should be noted that when administering the feed additive “Metisevit plus” protein-synthesizing liver function and liver function of rats of the second experimental group were restored faster than when administering sodium selenite to the first experimental group.

scholarly journals Protein-synthesizing function of the liver of cows at experimental fasciolosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
D. V. Frejuk ◽  
V. V. Stybel
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
The World ◽  
Experimental Group

Cattle fasciolosis is quite widespread in the world, including in Ukraine. Animal blood proteins, being in close functional connection with proteins of various tissues, reflect the changes that occur in the tissues and organs of the body during disorders of their metabolic processes caused by pathological factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of total protein and its fractions in the blood of cows in experimental fasciolosis. 12 cows of 4–5 years of age, black-spotted breed, were selected for experiment, out of which 2 groups were formed, six animals in each. Animals in the control group were clinically healthy. Animals of the experimental group were experimentally infected with adolescents. During the research, the rules of compulsory experiments were followed - selection and keeping of analogue animals in groups. The cows' diet was balanced in terms of nutrients and minerals. In the study of protein-sensitizing function of the liver of cows, it was found that during fasciolosis invasion, the content of total protein decreased by 13.8 %. These changes were due to a decrease in albumin and an increase in globulins. Thus, in fasciological invasion of cows, the level of albumin in the serum decreased by 24.4 %, and the level of globulins increased by 7.9 %. The value of the albumin / globulin ratio in the blood of infested cows with the causative agent of fasciolosis is quite indicative. It was found that the albumin-globulin ratio in the blood of cows of the experimental group was probably lower compared to the control group of animals. This value of the coefficient, of course, indicates the suppression of protein-synthesizing function of the liver in these periods of research. In the future it is planned to investigate the functional state of the liver of cows with experimental fasciolosis.

scholarly journals State of protein and mineral exchange in broiler-chickens for the use of Zinc and Mangane chelates

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
V. Sakara ◽  
A. Melnyk ◽  
F. Markhenkov
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of the application of a complex of Zinc and Manganese chelates to protein, macro- and micro-mineral exchanges in the body of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross-breed are presented. The administration of Zn and Mn chelates in a dose of 0,2 ml/l for chicken broilers of 23 days of age (1st experimental group) during 14 days influenced the increase in the total protein content to 35,3±0,8 g/l, which is 8 % higher compared with the control – 32,5±0,7 g/l (p<0,01 ) The concentration of total Calcium in serum of broiler chickens 37-day-old (end of trial) was higher in the first experimental group by 7,3 % (2,05±0,06 mmol/l) compared to control – 1,9±0,03 mmol/l. In the second group, where chelates were administered in a dose of 0,4 ml/l of water, the Calcium content was 2,0±0,02 mmol/l, which is 5 % more than the control group. The two-week application of Zn and Mn chelates also led to an increase in the level of inorganic Phosphorus in the serum of the first group to 2,6±0,12 mmol/l (+ 11,5 %) compared with the control group. After administration of chelates Zn and Mn at doses of 0,2 ml/l water, the Zinc content was higher by 4,3% (23,5±0,2 μmol/l) compared to control – 22,5±0,34 μmol/l (p<0,01). In the second group, where the dose of chelates was 0,4 ml/l, the concentration of Zinc was 23,6±0,16 μmol/l, which is more than 4,6 % for control (p<0,01). At the end of the study, the content of Manganese in serum of broiler chickens in the first group was 1,9±0,07 μmol/l (p<0,05), which is 10,4% higher compared with the control – 1,7±0,06 μmol/l (3rd sampling). The level of this element in the second group was 2,0±0,08 μmol/l (p<0,01), which is higher by 16,7 % relative to the control. At the end of the experiment, the coupon concentration in the first and second experimental groups was 12,6 and 9,3 % higher, compared with control, 7,0±0,37 μmol/l. In turn, the serum Ferrum content of the first group was greater by 9,3 % (19,3±0,69 μmol/l), and the second by 6,7 % (18,8±0,47 μmol/l) compared to the bird of the control group. Key words: chicken broilers, chelates, Zinc, Manganese, Cuprom, Ferrum, metabolism.

scholarly journals Protein synthesize function of bulls liver at experimental chronic cadmium toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The adverse effect of Cadmium on the liver causes a wide range of pathological changes at various levels of its organization. The purpose of the work was to investigate protein synthesize function on the liver of bulls for experimental chronic cadmium toxicity. The research was carried out on the basis of a farm at the village Ivanivtsi, Zhydachiv district of Lviv region, on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed, which were formed in 2 groups of 5 animals in each: control and experimental. Bulls of the control group were in the usual diet. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with forage with cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. The research lasted for 30 days. Protein synthesize function of the liver was determined by the level of serum total protein and protein fractions. It was established that when feeding cows with feed of cadmium chloride in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of body weight of an animal for 30 days in animals suppressed protein synthesize function of the liver, which manifests itself by lowering the total protein of blood. It reached the lowest level at the 20th day of the experiment, where, accordingly, it fluctuated within the limits of 61.9 ± 1.14 g/l. Reducing the level of total protein in the blood of the bulls of the experimental group under cadmium loading was due to lowering the level of albumin. At day 20 of the experiment, the level of albumin in the blood of animals in the experimental group decreased by 16.5%. On the background of general hypoproteinemia there is a significant imbalance between albumins and globulins in serum of diseased animals. It was established that the level of globulins increased in the blood of Bulls, which were under cadmium load. Increasing the level of globulins in blood serum of bulls reflects the intensity of inflammatory processes in their body for cadmium loading.

scholarly journals Study of the efficiency of using biogenic metals for feeding calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Oksana Shkromada ◽  
Tatiana Fotina ◽  
Roman Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Biogenic Metals ◽  
Combined Feed ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

Breeding young cattle is important, especially during the transition period from dairy feeding to concentrated dry feed. The paper presents the results of the use of biogenic metal nicotinates for weaning calves to improve metabolism in animals. The aim of research. To investigate the effect of biogenic metal nicotinates: Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn on the biochemical parameters of blood in calves after weaning. Materials and methods. The study was carried out during 2021 in the conditions of LLC "Agrofirma Lan", Sumy region, Sumy district, Kindrativka, Ukraine for breeding young cattle. The calves of the experimental group were given compound feed and a premix of nicotinates of biogenic metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, manufactured by PPronos Agro" (1 g per 1 kg of feed). In the control group, combined feed and a premix with metal sulfates were used for 30 days. Results. An increase in the level of total protein in the body of calves of the experimental groups was established by 16.12 % in comparison with the control (p≤0.05). Also, in experimental animals, the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was higher than the physiological norm, which shows an insignificant effect of nicotinates of biogenic metals on internal organs and systems. In the experimental group of calves, the level of magnesium was probably higher by 52.38 % and potassium – by 14.94 % compared to the control group (p≤0.05). It was found that the animals of the experimental groups probably had more zinc by 34.96 %; copper – by 35.72 %; iron – by 92.29 %; manganese – by 41.13 %; selenium – by 3.22 % and cobalt – by 98.33 % compared to the control (p≤0.05). Conclusions. The positive effect of the use of biogenic metal nicotinates on the metabolism of calves at weaning has been proven. It was found that the level of total protein in the body of calves of the experimental groups was probably higher by 16.12 %, magnesium - by 52.38 %; potassium - by 14.94 %. When determining the content of inorganic substances, it was found that the animals of the experimental groups probably had more zinc by 34.96 %; copper – by 35.72 %; iron – by 92.29 %; manganese – by 41.13 %; selenium – by 3.22 % and cobalt – by 98.33 % compared to the control (p≤0.05)

Dietary supplementation of Pleurotus tuber regium in rat feed ameliorates metabolic and hematotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Obinna Okolo ◽  
Orish Ebere Orisakwe ◽  
Iyeopu Minakiri Siminialayi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractPleurotus tuber regium, a wild edible mushroom can reduce free radical-mediated injury and oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) via improvement of antioxidant capacity. This work evaluates the protective effects of this mushroom against the metabolic and hematological toxicity induced by CCl4. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10). Group I received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks, while maintaining free access to food and water ad libitum (negative control). Group II received 3 mL/kg (30% CCl4 in olive oil) injected i.p. twice weekly, while Groups III, IV, and V received 100, 200, and 500 mg wild edible P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 in olive oil injected twice weekly i.p. Group VI received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks in addition to 500 mg P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily. The body weight (b.w.), feed intake (FI), and water intake (WI) were obtained weekly, while the hematological indices and oxidative stress parameters were carried out shortly after necropsy on days 30, 60, and 90. Treatment with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the b.w., FI and WI, feed efficiency, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase, while increasing the oxidative stress as measured by malondialdehyde in CCl4 only group when compared with control. Supplementation of feed with P. tuber regium reversed the effects of CCl4. Pleurotus tuber regium ameliorated the CCl4-induced metabolic and hematotoxicity by improving the antioxidant capacity.

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