scholarly journals UKRAINIAN REALIA OF THE XIX CENTURY AND ITS TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE POEM “KATERINA” BY TARAS SHEVCHENKO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
E.I. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Real World ◽  
Species Replacement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Entire Array

The article is written in line with current research, since the problem of studying Ukrainian realities is of unquestionable interest for several reasons. First, understanding the realities will promote bettermutual understanding of different peoples; and secondly, the definition of optimal means of translating the realities is a definite contribution to the general theory of translation. Different types of real-world classifications are proposed, the difficulties associated with the adequate transfer into the translated text of an entire array of cultural information encoded in the realities contained in the origina text are investigated. Basing on the analysis of numerous translations of literary works, Ukrainian researchers (R. Zorivchak, V. Koptilov, O. Kundzich, O. Cherednichenko, etc.) show ways to overcome linguistic obstacles caused by cultural differences. But, as far as we know, the problem of the translation of Ukrainian realities in the works of T. Shevchenko is not yet exhaustively highlighted. The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of the use of realities in the work of Taras Shevchenko "Katerina" and their translation into English. We have given an ideographic classification of lexical units - Ukrainian realities in fiction and analyzed such means of their translation as calque, renomination, transcription with explanation, the introduction of neologism, the principle of generic-species replacement, which allows  conveying (approximately) the content of the realities by a broader, general meaning, that is, the reception of generalization. The results of our analysis allow us to make an ideographic classification of Ukrainian realities that are used in fiction, as well as to summarize the prevalence of their means of translation. Prospects for further research are seen in the analysis of certain translation failures in the translation of realities and to offer the best options for their translation.

scholarly journals The complexity of DNA sequences. Different approaches and definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-337
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Gusev ◽  
Liubov A. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Symbolic Sequence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

An important quantitative characteristic of symbolic sequence (texts, strings) is complexity, which reflects at the intuitive level the degree of their "non-randomness". A.N. Kolmogorov formulated the most general definition of complexity. He proposed measuring the complexity of an object (symbolic sequence) by the length of the shortest descriptions by which this object can be uniquely reconstructed. Since there is no program guaranteed to search for the shortest description, in practice, various algorithmic approximations considered in this paper are used for this purpose. Along with definitions of complexity, suggesting the possibility of reconstruction a sequence from its "description", a number of measures are considered that do not imply such restoration. They are based on the calculation of some quantitative characteristics. Of interest is not only a quantitative assessment of complexity, but also the identification and classification of structural regularities that determine its specific value. In one form or another, they are expressed in the demonstration of repetition in the broadest sense. The considered measures of complexity are conventionally divided into statistical ones that take into account the frequency of occurrence of symbols or short “words” in the text, “dictionary” ones that estimate the number of different “subwords” and “structural” ones based on the identification of long repeating fragments of text and the determination of relationships between them. Most of the methods are designed for sequences of an arbitrary linguistic nature. The special attention paid to DNA sequences, reflected in the title of the article, is due to the importance of the object, manifestations of repetition of different types, and numerous examples of using the concept of complexity in solving problems of classification and evolution of various biological objects. Local structural features found in the sliding window mode in DNA sequences are of considerable interest, since zones of low complexity in the genomes of various organisms are often associated with the regulation of basic genetic processes.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS: A MODER VISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Angelica Dosenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Communication Platform ◽  
Independent Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The aim.Тhere is a theoretical justification for the phenomenon of «Communication Platform».Theapplied social and communication technologies there is a layering of terminological apparatus: classification and identification of terms and theoretical and methodological basis. One of such phenomena is the development of communication platforms, which are separated into an independent definition and depart from Internet platforms and social networks. It is important to study the development of platforming as a process of forming platforms of different types and cluster formation.Research methods.The method of theoretical analysis is used to study the existing points of view and clearly derive the definition of «communication platform».A method of comparison to derive the author's vision of the existence and functioning of the characteristics of the definition of «Communication Platform»and distinguish it from other types of platforms.The method of sociological survey contributed to the practical vision of the communication platform as an independent unit that is able to raise socially important issues and help solve difficult issues.The resultsof the study showed the difference between the terms «Social Networks»and "Communication Platform". There is a classification of platforms, the difference between them. The own vision of the terminological unit is given. This approach demonstrated the need for further scientific study of the phenomenon, the need to unify the approach to the description of platforming as a process in applied social and communication technologies.Social networks as a communication unit are considered in detail, the features that distinguish platforms and social networks are described.The conclusionsemphasize the further need to study communication platforms as applied scientific units. The definition of the phenomenon taking into account the author's vision is offered. Emphasis is placed on the features inherent in communication platforms.

scholarly journals Models of evaluating the impact of changes technological and industrial areas in enterprise development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Roman Sherstiuk ◽  
Eduard Malevski ◽  
Nataliia Marynenko ◽  
Olha Pavlykivska ◽  
Liliya Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Artificial Changes

In this paper, the authors demonstrated that the industrial enterprises development is impossible without evaluating changes that occur with technological and manufacturing sector enterprises by external and internal factors. As a result of this study on the ratio of different types of external and internal changes, the authors developed a classification of typical situations in which the technological and production sphere of the enterprise. To address the evaluation of changes in the paper developed a set of models assessing the impact of natural and artificial changes to enterprise development based on consideration of the consequences of different rates of technological and industrial areas researched the company and its competitors and provides a definition of the type of the current situation in which the industrial an enterprise that provides grounds for the development of appropriate strategies and measures for its development.

Characteristics of headache during and/or after coronary intervention: A prospective observational study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110535
Author(s):  
Chenglong Lu ◽  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Cuixiang Liu ◽  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction Headache during and/or after coronary intervention is common but has received little attention from cardiologists and neurologists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and possible mechanism of coronary intervention-related headache. Methods Using a prospective observational design, we identified consecutive patients with coronary intervention from May 2020 to August 2020. Patients were followed up with questionnaires immediately after coronary intervention and 24 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results In total, 94 patients were enrolled, and 71 patients ultimately completed the 2-week follow-up. Among 71 patients, headache developed during and/or after coronary intervention in 18 (25.4%) patients. Two different types of headache related to coronary intervention were observed: One during and another after coronary intervention. Headache characteristics are described in detail. A history of previous headache was an independent risk factor for coronary intervention-related headache ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Coronary intervention-related headache has an incidence of 25.4%, and previous headache history was an independent risk factor. Moreover, considering that there are no relevant diagnostic criteria, it is suggested that the definition of coronary intervention-related headache should be established in the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOCIAL MEDIA USERS’ ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
O. P. Sosniuk ◽  
I. V. Оstapenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Civic Competence

The article deals with the analysis of psychological features of social media users’ activity. The authors discuss the main approaches to the classification of social media, clarify the definition of this concept. The article presents the analysis of the typologies of social media users. According to the results of the qualitative study, the authors identified eight types of social media users, (considering the specifics of their activity: 1) generator of creolized content; 2) initiator of the discussion; 3) active participant in the discussion; 4) spreader of the creolized content; 5) imitator; 6) conformist; 7) observer; 8) inactive user. The psychological characteristics of the activity of these types of users of social media are identified. It has been proved that there are some differences in the ratio of different types of users for the most popular social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) and messengers (Telegram, Viber). It is determined that the leading types of users are: for the Facebook – discussion initiator, active discussion participant, conformist; for the Instagram – generator of creolized content, spreader of the creolized content, and a follower; for the Twitter – generator of creolized content, spreader of the creolized content and a discussion initiator; for Telegram – discussion initiator, active discussion participant, spreader of the creolized content; for Viber messenger – initiator of discussions, active participant of discussions, conformist. The prospects for further research are outlined: verification of the typology of social media users in an expanded sample, specification of the psychological profile of different types of social media users, creation of technologies for development of personality’s media competence, identification of preconditions for constructive social media impact on users, exploration of the role of social media in the process of building a personality’s civic competence.

scholarly journals A Noval Weighted Meta Graph Method for Classification in Heterogeneous Information Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Jinli Zhang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Zongli Jiang ◽  
Xiaohua Hu ◽  
Ali Jazayeri
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Information Networks ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Real World Datasets

There has been increasing interest in the analysis and mining of Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs) and the classification of their components in recent years. However, there are multiple challenges associated with distinguishing different types of objects in HINs in real-world applications. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for the weighted Meta graph-based Classification of Heterogeneous Information Networks (MCHIN) to address these challenges. The proposed framework has several appealing properties. In contrast to other proposed approaches, MCHIN can fully compute the weights of different meta graphs and mine the latent structural features of different nodes by using these weighted meta graphs. Moreover, MCHIN significantly enlarges the training sets by introducing the concept of Extension Meta Graphs in HINs. The extension meta graphs are used to augment the semantic relationship among the source objects. Finally, based on the ranking distribution of objects, MCHIN groups the objects into pre-specified classes. We verify the performance of MCHIN on three real-world datasets. As is shown and discussed in the results section, the proposed framework can effectively outperform the baselines algorithms.

scholarly journals Terminology for describing normally sited and ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound: ESHRE recommendations for good practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Kirk ◽  
Pim Ankum ◽  
Attila Jakab ◽  
Nathalie Le Clef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What recommendations can be provided to improve terminology for normal and ectopic pregnancy description on ultrasound? SUMMARY ANSWER The present ESHRE document provides 17 consensus recommendations on how to describe normally sited and different types of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Current diagnostic criteria stipulate that each type of ectopic pregnancy can be defined by clear anatomical landmarks which facilitates reaching a correct diagnosis. However, a clear definition of normally sited pregnancies and a comprehensive classification of ectopic pregnancies are still lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A working group of members of the ESHRE Special Interest Group in Implantation and Early Pregnancy (SIG-IEP) and selected experts in ultrasound was formed in order to write recommendations on the classification of ectopic pregnancies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The working group included nine members of different nationalities with internationally recognised experience in ultrasound and diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. This document is developed according to the manual for development of ESHRE recommendations for good practice. The recommendations were discussed until consensus by the working group, supported by a survey among the members of the ESHRE SIG-IEP. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A clear definition of normally sited pregnancy on ultrasound scan is important to avoid misdiagnosis of uterine ectopic pregnancies. A comprehensive classification of ectopic pregnancy must include definitions and descriptions of each type of ectopic pregnancy. Only a classification which provides descriptions and diagnostic criteria for all possible locations of ectopic pregnancy would be fit for use in routine clinical practice. The working group formulated 17 recommendations on the diagnosis of the different types of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. In addition, for each of the types of ectopic pregnancy, a schematic representation and examples on 2D and 3D ultrasound are provided. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the limited evidence available, recommendations are mostly based on clinical and technical expertise. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This document is expected to have a significant impact on clinical practice in ultrasound for early pregnancy. The development of this terminology will help to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The meetings of the working group were funded by ESHRE. T.T. declares speakers’ fees from GE Healthcare. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A DISCLAIMER This Good Practice Recommendations (GPR) document represents the views of ESHRE, which are the result of consensus between the relevant ESHRE stakeholders and where relevant based on the scientific evidence available at the time of preparation. ESHRE’s GPRs should be used for informational and educational purposes. They should not be interpreted as setting a standard of care or be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care nor exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. They do not replace the need for application of clinical judgement to each individual presentation, nor variations based on locality and facility type. Furthermore, ESHRE’s GPRs do not constitute or imply the endorsement, recommendation or favouring of any of the included technologies by ESHRE.

scholarly journals The essence of legal components of economic risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
S. V. Yevdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Legal Risks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Risks

This research is one of the first attempts in the Ukrainian legal science in determining the essence and features of legal components of economic risks taking into account the latest achievements of science. It has been emphasized that theoretical basis for determining the concept of “risk” is widely researched in the scientific literature, but the problem of legal components of the economic risks has been insufficiently highlighted. The concept of “legal components of economic risks” has been defined; factors that actualized the problem of risks in Ukraine have been considered; and the features of the classification of economic risks according to legal components have been established. It has been noted that the negative consequences of economic risks are unforeseen losses. From the point of view of legal risks, such consequences should be defined as losses (according to the Civil Code of Ukraine) or as the amount of caused damages (according to the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Administrative liability is also established depending on the amount of caused damage for different types of activities. According to the author, the essence of legal components of economic risks is to determine the criteria for the delimitation of lawful and unlawful economic risk, the possibility of using the levers of legal influence in this regard, namely the establishment of the basis for a person’s liability for damage caused by a risky act. Legal components contain possible options of overcoming the consequences of risk situations, establish the threshold for criminal liability and punishment for economic crimes, depending on the caused damage. On the basis of the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and generalization of the main provisions of the works of scholars, the author has made theoretical synthesis and has found a new solution to the scientific problem – the definition of the essence and features of legal components of economic risks related to liability in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine in order to overcome the consequences of risk situations for different types of activities depending on the amount of caused damage.

scholarly journals THE TYPES OF THE CHOREOGRAPHIC WORK AS AN OBJECT OF COPYRIGHT IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
V. O. Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Musical Accompaniment ◽  
Form Of Expression

The article explores the classification of a choreographic work as a copyright object. The legally significant bases of the classification are determined, on these basis the different types of choreographic work are differentiated. The main reasons are the style and the structure of the choreographic work. In the style, the choreographic work is divided into folk, ballroom, modern and classical dance, in the structure – dance and the dance show. The author also formulate definitions of these concepts. The article presents a number of definitions of the concept of dance through the lens of art, culture and law. Analyzing the latter, the author gives own definition of this term as a copyright object: dance is a system of conditional movements (pa), gestures and poses, pantomimes, subordinated to the general rhythm. The concept “dance show” is defined as follows: dance show is a system of movements, poses, gestures, pantomimes, combined with one thought, with musical accompaniment and choreographic images, which can be fostered by scenery, costumes, stage light and more. In addition, the article identified the features of dance and the dance show, which allows to delineate these concepts. The signs of dance as an object of copyright are creative, objective form of expression, the presence of movements, poses, gestures, pantomimes arranged in a certain sequence, the presence of rhythm. Among the features of a dance show are the following: creative character, objective form of expression, system of movements, poses, gestures, pantomimes, musical accompaniment, idea of the work, choreographic images. After analyzing these features, the author defines the main difference between these features: a dance show is a complex work that contains a different object of copyright – a piece of music, and it can also contain other results of intellectual creative activity (costumes, scenery and more). At the same time the dance is a sequence of elements of choreographic vocabulary. One more concept which the author reveals in the article is “choreographic show”. The author equates this object to ballet performances, musicals and considers it necessary to protect them as musical-dramatic works, because they are inherent in all the signs of the last.

scholarly journals Rigorous fundamentals of classification of light-induced behaviour from freely motile microorganisms.

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Nadia P. Massjuk ◽  
Yuriy I. Posudin
Keyword(s):  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terminological Confusion

SUMMARY. Rigorous fundamentals of classification of light-induced behaviour from freely motile microorganisms. The revision of terminology and classification principles of the types of light—dependent movement behaviour of freely motile organisms and their populations has demonstrated the presence of various classification systems being the source of the terminological confusion. It is shown that the present classification and definition of the terms had a number of logical mistakes. The primary meaning of the term "phototopotaxis" which implies any light- dependent movement behaviour of freely motile organisms is proposed. It is possible to use the restored term "phototopotaxis" for definition of the movement oriented relative to the light stimulus. The parametrical principle of the classification of the types of phototaxis for a single or a population of cells is recommended for the first time. According to this principle it is possible to put in order the available facts and terminology on the strict logical basis, to forecast the dependence of the movement parameters of the biological objects on the light stimulus characteristics which has been not established till now, and to develop the program of further research. The parametrical principle could also be used for the classification of taxa induced by any stimuli. The photoreaction (immediate response to any change of the light stimulus) of freely motile organisms is discussed as a part of the more general meaning - phototaxis.Key words. Algae, classification, photomovement, terminology.RESUMEN. Fundamentos rigurosos de la clasificación del comportamiento inducido por la luz de microorganismos móviles. La revisión de la terminología y principios de la clasificación de los tipos de movimientos dependientes de la luz en organismos móviles, así como en sus poblaciones, ha mostrado la existencia de diferentes sistemas de clasificación incongruentes entre sí, y que dan lugar a una gran confusión de términos. En particular, cl sistema actual de clasificación y definición de términos adolece de ciertos errores relacionados con la lógica formal. Se propone el uso del término "fototopotaxis" en su definición inicial, cualquier movimiento de un organismo móvil que es dependiente de la luz. Así, se puede usar este término para definir el movimiento en relación a la orientación relativa de la fuente de luz. Se sugiere, por primera vez, cl uso del principio parametric° de la clasificación de los tipos de fototaxis, bien para una sola célula o para una población de células. De acuerdo con este principio, es posible poner orden en la terminología relacionada con los tipos de movimiento siguiendo estrictamente los criterios dc la lógica formal, predecir la dependencia de los pardmetros de movimiento del obcjto biológico en relación a las características del estímulo lumínico (lo cual no se había tenido en cuenta hasta ahora), y desarrollar futuros programas de investigación. El principio parametric° de clasificación también podría usarse para la clasificación de los taxa, en relación con cualquier tipo de estímulo. Se discute el significado del termino fotoreacción (respuesta inmediata cualquier tipo dc cambio en el estímulo lumínico), aplicable a organismos móviles, en el contexto más amplio de la fototaxis.Palabras clave. Algas, clasificación, fotomovimiento, terminología.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document