scholarly journals THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE CONCEPT LANGUAGE POLICY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Maria Dobrushina
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Ordered Sets ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Variant ◽  
Definition Of

The peculiarities of the semantic structure of the lexical unit language policy in the framework of the nominative field of the concept LANGUAGE POLICY have been considered.The definition of the term «nominative field» has been given, the types of nominations have been specified, the stages of constructing the nominative field of the concept have been determined. It is stated that the nominative field of the concept contains both direct nominations of the concept and nominations of cognitive signs. It is established that one of the key stages of constructing a nominative field is conducting a component analysis of the concept. During the analysis of definitions their variety has been obtained from linguistic and non-linguistic Ukrainian, Russian and English sources. It is determined that, defining the phenomenon under study, researchers describe one and the same notion with the help of different definitions. Eight lexical-and-semantic variants have been identified that make up the semantic structure of the concept LANGUAGE POLICY. The semantic structure of the concept LANGUAGE POLICY has been found to be polysemantic, and all lexical-and-semantic variants complement each other. Within each lexical-and-semantic variant, its hierarchical structure has been established: the archiseme, the differential semes and the potential semes have been identified. The semantic structure of the lexical unit language policy has been presented in the form of ordered sets of semes – sememes.

Ways of Lexicographic Submission of Chronologically Noted Lexicon

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
E. V. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Time Component

Article is focused on lexicographic interpretation of chronologically noted words. Chronologically noted lexicon is defined as lexicon which lexicographic submission is followed by any reference fixing attachment of a lexical unit to some historical period showing a «time» component of the meaning. Article purpose is to present the system of ways of chronologically noted lexicon representation in Russian lexicography according to the basis of the research of explanatory dictionaries of different type. In the work the following methods of a research as descriptive, comparative, method of the component analysis, method of dictionary interpretation are used. The system of submission of chronological information in different explanatory dictionaries has both similarity and distinction. As the research has shown, the choice of lexicographic procedures of chronologically noted lexicon characteristics made by different authors depends on two key factors: dictionary type (according to S.I. Ozhegov’s classification) and theoretical position of its makers.

Q-orders with no unit on Q

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cheng-Jie Zhou ◽  
Wei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Ordered Sets ◽  
Complete Lattices ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Adaptive

For a usual commutative quantale Q (does not necessarily have a unit), we propose a definition of Q-ordered sets by introducing a kind of self-adaptive self-reflexivity. We study their completeness and the related Q-modules of complete lattices. The main result is that, the complete Q-ordered sets and the Q-modules of complete lattices are categorical isomorphic.

Turkish Basis in Toponimization System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Zh Konyratbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Internal Objects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Recently, three major processes are taking place in the urban space of the capital: 1) the process of national transonymization, ie the implementation of the names of newly established, renamed objects on the memorial principle (including national memoranda); 2) historical and cultural process; that is, the reproduction of object names in the nature of a national cultural symbol; 3) the process of national toponymization, ie the acquisition of common nouns. The main purpose of the article is to reveal and identify the Turkic basis of the layer of onymsformed as a result of this process of toponymization – one of the most productive internal resourcedevelopment in the urban space of the capital. That is, by conducting an etymological analysis ofthe system of urbanonymy, to show that the main source of optimized units belongs to the group ofTurkic languages.In the process of toponymization in the space of urbanism of the capital, the share of internalresource development is predominant, ie most of the layer of onyms on its onomastic map wasformed as a result of the Turkic basis. As a result, the urban design of the capital of Kazakhstan hasbecome the only historical and cultural center that meets the principles of language policy andnaming / renaming of the Republic of Kazakhstan. And we understand that the definition of thelayer of onyms in the laws of naming the internal objects of the city will be revealed in more depthby conducting a diachronic study of them.

scholarly journals The Status of Questions in the Ontology of Scientific Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
William Rawleigh
Keyword(s):  
Basic Element ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Epistemic Agent ◽  
Distinct Class ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theory Acceptance ◽  
Scientific Questions

The currently accepted scientonomic ontology includes two classes of epistemic elements – theories and methods. However, the ontology underlying the Encyclopedia of Scientonomy includes questions/topics as a basic element of its semantic structure. Ideally there should be no discrepancy between the accepted ontology of theoretical scientonomy and that of the Encyclopedia.  I argue that questions constitute a distinct class of epistemic elements as they are not reducible to other elements that undergo scientific change – theories or methods. I discuss and reject two attempts at reducing questions to either descriptive or normative theories. According to the descriptive-epistemic account, scientific questions can be logically reduced to descriptive propositions, while according to the normative-epistemic account, they can be reduced to normative propositions. I show that these interpretations are incapable of capturing the propositional content expressed by questions; any possible reduction is carried at the expense of losing the essential characteristic of questions. Further, I find that the attempts to reduce questions to theories introduce an infinite regress, where a theory is an attempt to answer a question, which is itself a theory which answers another question, ad infintum. Instead, I propose to incorporate the question-answer semantic structure from erotetic logic in which questions constitute a distinct class of elements irreducible to propositions. An acceptance of questions into scientonomic ontology as a separate class of epistemic elements suggests a new avenue of research into the mechanism of question acceptance and rejection, i.e. how epistemic communities come to accept certain questions as legitimate and others as illegitimate. Suggested Modifications [Sciento-2018-0001]: Accept the following definition of question: Question ≡ a topic of inquiry. [Sciento-2018-0002]: Accept the ontology of epistemic elements with theories, methods, and questions as distinct epistemic elements. Reject the previously accepted ontology of epistemic elements. [Sciento-2018-0003]: Provided that modification [Sciento-2018-0002] is accepted, accept that the epistemic stance that can be taken by an epistemic agent towards a question is question acceptance (the opposite is unacceptance), defined as follows:  Question Acceptance ≡ a question is said to be accepted if it is taken as a legitimate topic of inquiry. [Sciento-2018-0004]: Provided that modifications [Sciento-2018-0002] and [Sciento-2018-0003] are accepted, accept the following question as legitimate topics of scientonomic inquiry:  Mechanism of Question Acceptance: How do questions become accepted as legitimate? What is the mechanism of question acceptance?  Indicators of Question Acceptance: What are the historical indicators of theory acceptance? How can observational scientonomists establish that such-and-such a question was accepted as a legitimate topic of inquiry by a certain epistemic agent at a certain time?

Sakāmvārda kā valodas vienības īpašības

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Olga Billere
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Material

The existence of various approaches to attributing the proverb to different branches of linguistics is due to the narrow, often intuitive, understanding of its meaning as an ancient, generalized and transmitted one of folk descent. The similarity with units of paremiology, as defined in explanatory and terminological dictionaries, brings even more confusion to the issue of delimiting recited forms. Indeed, aphorisms, apophthegms, maxims are semantically and structurally very similar to proverbs because, like proverbs, they are concise, often self-sufficient statements of an instructive nature, which are read, understood, and interpreted independently of the surrounding text. All these recited forms also have a stable syntactic and semantic structure, and, at first glance, it is difficult to judge which of the expressions is an aphorism, a maxim, an apothegm, and which a proverb. Thus, analyzing the features of the proverb as a language unit, that is, its similarity with other oral art forms, semantic and syntactic completeness and autonomy, and its bipartite structure, as well as determining common and different features of paremiological units, the most complete definition of the proverb and criteria for delimiting recited forms may be found. Here, autonomy means the feature of a unit to be in any part of speech, and completeness – the unit’s functioning as a self-sufficient expression. The attention is also paid to the bipartite structure, as most units (approx. 65%) are rhythmically constructed compound or complex sentences. The research is based on French, Russian, and Latvian theoretical and empirical material; the sources of the units are dictionaries and collections of proverbs in three languages compiled in the 20th century.

Fifty Years of Economics in Language Policy: Critical Assessment and Priorities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Grin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Policy And Planning

This chapter offers a broad-based overview of language economics. Rather than assuming that the field can be characterized derivatively from the observation of “what economists do” when they talk about language, it proposes an analytical definition of language economics, in order to arrive at a theory-based typology of research. This results in a mental map of language economics, highlighting its connections with language policy. Since the first goal of this chapter is to provide orientation in language economics, it aims to be exhaustive in its identification of research directions but it does not discuss the contents of the latter in detail. I then focus on the application of language economics to the selection, design and evaluation of language policy and planning (LPP), emphasizing the need for economic analysis to embody sociolinguistic knowledge as a condition for practical relevance. This chapter also shows that reciprocally, sociolinguistic research, particularly when it is concerned with policy questions, significantly benefits from taking economic dimensions into account, since most LPP issues raise matters of efficiency and fairness that economics is comparatively well-equipped to address. In the closing section, four major research directions are identified as priorities for the future development of language economics.

Interactions Between Formal and Informal Organizational Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 480-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Lamieri ◽  
Diana Mangalagiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter we present a model of organization aimed to understand the effect of formal and informal structures on the organization’s performance. The model considers the interplay between the formal hierarchical structure and the social network connecting informally the agents emerging while the organization performs a task-set. The social network creation and evolution is endogenous, as it doesn’t include any function supposed to optimize performance. After a review of the literature, we propose a definition of performance based on the efficiency in allocating the task of a simulated organization that can be considered as a network-based problem-solving system. We analyze how the emergence of a stable process in decomposing tasks under different market conditions can alleviate the rigidity and the inefficiencies of a hierarchical structure and we compare the performance of different hierarchical structures under variable environment conditions.

The Identification and Decomposition of Hierarchical Tasks

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Cotton ◽  
John P. Gallagher ◽  
Sandra P. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Alternate Route ◽  
Component Task ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Hierarchical Ordering ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of hierarchical structure is reviewed, together with psychometric and experimental evidence regarding the existence of specific structures. Exceptions to hierarchical ordering are frequent enough to merit consideration of an assumption that skill on an item may simply transfer to the next higher item rather than being fully prerequisite to it. In some cases an alternate route hierarchy may occur, with persons either learning an item and then the next item or learning both at the same time. A mathematical model including hierarchical and nonhierarchical options fir a two-component task is presented; an experimental design appropriate to testing the model and related transfer hypotheses is also presented.

Revisiting border conflicts between FrameNet and Construction Grammar

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Timponi Torrent ◽  
Ludmila Meireles Lage ◽  
Thais Fernandes Sampaio ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Tavares ◽  
Ely Edison da Silva Matos
Keyword(s):  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
Definition Of

This paper proposes three policies for the annotation of constructions in FrameNet Brasil, and, potentially, in other FrameNets. Annotation policies are defined so as to both avoid uncontrolled redundancy in the database and respect the theoretical and methodological foundations of Frame Semantics and Construction Grammar. The first policy is concerned with the task of deciding whether a given piece of language should be analyzed as an instance of a construction, or as a valence pattern of a lexical unit; the second specifies criteria for the definition of Construct Elements; finally, the third policy regulates the interconnections between constructions and frames in the database.

scholarly journals Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of Verbal Derivatives of Onomasiological Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Olga Migorian ◽  
Tetiana Pavlovych
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Derivatives Of

During the last century, the development of word-forming issues has been investigated so intensely that today it is possible to state the existance of a number of approaches and its versatile study both in synchrony and diachrony. Some linguists have studied the issues of word formation within etymology, while others have considered the problems of word formation in the context of grammar, focusing on structural analysis. Representatives of the lexical study described predominantly semantic relations between different structural units. Confirmation of the theory of interaction of different linguistic levels was the study of structural and semantic relations in oppositional pairs of "forming lexical unit – derivative". The main task of historical and onomasiological research, which is the basis of our research is to reveal the nature of the semantic structure of the concept; to trace the basic tendencies of the historical development of the prefixal way of word formation in English, the change of its semantic boundaries and the basic structures from epoch to epoch. The linguistic form of content is a word in general and a derivative in particular. The article presents an attempt to investigate the dynamics of efficiency of structural and semantic patterns of verbal prefixal derivatives within onomasiological categories during four periods of the English language development.

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