scholarly journals Changes in the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of seedlings originating from wheat seeds subjected to accelerated ageing test

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
R. Chipilski ◽  
B. Kyosev ◽  
R. Cholakova
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the reaction processes of seedlings originating from wheat seeds after they were subjected to accelerated ageing, which imitated low-temperature storage. Germination, vigor, morphological characteristics, relative chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in seedlings and young plants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after processes of accelerated ageing of the seeds. The ageing procedures of the seeds were done according to the standard conditions (40±0.5°C and 100% air relative humidity) of the International Seed Testing Association for 72 and 120 hours of treatments of the Bulgarian varieties Geya-1 and Sadovo 772. For the control were used seeds, which were not subjected to the accelerated ageing conditions. The coleoptile of 5 days seedlings and second leaf of 10 and 15 days plants in seedling stage, following the seed accelerated ageing procedure, was measured in the laboratory and the greenhouse. The seed germination rate and vigor, fresh and dry weight of growing coleoptiles were inhibited after different periods of ageing exposure and well correlated with increased accumulation of total hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde content, guaiacol peroxidase activity and rate of cells membrane stability index. The negative changes of chlorophyll content index, fresh and dry weight and leaf area of the leaves of young plants descending from aged seeds sowed in pots were found. It was established that the modern variety Geya-1 was more tolerant to the applied ageing condition than the older Sadovo 772. In conclusion, we considered that accelerated ageing could be used as a model for estimation of seed deterioration in wheat after long-term storage.

scholarly journals Effect of Isosteviol on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Cadmium Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Bingbing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of agricultural soil has become a serious threat to global food security. The present study highlights the effect of added isosteviol in modulating growth physiology and antioxidant defense systems conferring tolerance against cadmium (Cd) stress in wheat. Wheat growth, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves, dehydrogenase activity of root, and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined to get an overview of cellular response in conquering Cd-induced oxidative stress damages. The results indicated that wheat germination was inhibited under Cd2+ concentration at 10 µM. The presence of isosteviol and gibberellic acid (GA) significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect on the growth of wheat seedling under 10 µM Cd2+ stress. Moreover, different concentrations of isosteviol and GA regulated the physiological changes of wheat under Cd stress: more chlorophyll a + b content; less MDA content; and higher dehydrogenase activity of root and antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as compared to Cd alone in wheat seedling. The present study thus suggests a possible role of isosteviol in amelioration of Cd stress by increasing chlorophyll content and root dehydrogenase activity, which also could reduce oxidative damage of the cell membrane by regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat seedling.

Study of the effect of abiotic stress on the antioxidant enzyme activity of cereals under regulated environmental conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
B. Varga ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The impacts of climate modification were examined in terms of changes in the stress tolerance of winter wheat varieties. The enzyme reactions of two winter wheat varieties to drought stress, simulated by water withholding in three different phenophases, were analysed in a phytotron experiment in the Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Plants were raised either at ambient CO2 level or at twice this concentration. The quantities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were determined from leaf samples collected at the end of the drought treatment.The results showed that antioxidant enzymes may help to counterbalance the reactive oxygen species induced by stress during various stages of the vegetation period. Although there were substantial differences in the changes induced in the activity of individual enzymes by modifications in environmental factors, this activity and its response to stress depended not only on these factors, but also on the developmental stage of the plant. Modifications in enzyme activity could indicate that enhanced CO2 concentration delayed the development of drought stress up to first node appearance, and stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity when drought occurred during ripening.

scholarly journals Changes in the vitality, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxyde content of maize /Zea mays l./ seedlings during controlled accelerated ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Radoslav Chipilski ◽  
◽  
Albena Pencheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability

Seeds from the maize /Zea mays L./ variety Kneja 310 and landrace B0E0170 were subjected to controlled accelerated aging test (AA) for 72 hours and 120 hours at temperature 41±0.5°C and 100.0% air relative humidity. For the control variant, not subjected to the АА test seeds were used. After AA test, all seed variants were germinated and were used for an analysis of germination energy. The emerging coleoptiles were studied for the presence of anti-oxidative response (MDA, hydrogen peroxide, cell membrane stability), and morphological parameters and relative chlorophyll content were assessed as well as. A vegetation pot experiment was performed with the AA-72h variant and 15-day seedlings were morphologically and physiologically assessed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the vitality of the seeds and their stress response to the controlled AA test, which simulated low-temperature storage. The germination rate of seeds and the fresh and dry weight of coleoptiles following ageing treatments were decreased. These results correlated well with the increased accumulation of total hydrogen peroxide and MDA content and the decrease of cell membrane stability. Negative changes were observed in chlorophyll content index, fresh and dry weight and leaf area of 15-day seedlings in pot trial. It was concluded that the controlled accelerated ageing could be used as a model for estimation of seed deterioration in maize after long-term storage.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) Seedlings to Salt Stress

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574
Author(s):  
Kai Jia ◽  
Cunyao Yan ◽  
Huizhuan Yan ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) is a type of root vegetable belonging to the Brassica subspecies of Cruciferae. Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that causes water deficit, ion toxicity, and metabolic imbalance in plants, seriously limiting plant growth and crop yield. Two commercial turnip cultivars, Wenzhoupancai and Qiamagu, were used to evaluate the seed germination and physiological responses of turnip seedlings to salt stress. NaCl was used to simulate salt stress. Parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, osmoregulation substances content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and other physiological parameters of turnip seedlings were measured after 7 days of salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the seed germination rate, and that the seeds of ‘Wenzhoupancai’ were more sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress inhibited the growth of turnip seedlings. With the increased NaCl concentration, the seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, and seedling length of turnip decreased gradually. Under the salt stress treatment, the osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the seedlings of turnip increased significantly. The chlorophyll content increased at a lower NaCl level, but it decreased when the level of NaCl was higher. Growth parameters of turnip seedlings had significant negative correlations with the reactive oxygen content, osmoregulation substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but they had positive correlations with chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. These results indicated that salt stress-induced oxidative stress in turnip is mainly counteracted by enzymatic defense systems.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term cold stress on enzymatic antioxidative defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valiollah Yousefi ◽  
Jafar Ahmadi ◽  
Davoud Sadeghzadeh-Ahari ◽  
Ezatollah Esfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidative Defense System

Abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, and drought are the main causes of universal crop losses. Plants have generated adaptive responses which prevent them from oxidative damage caused by environmental stresses. The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of cold stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of eight cultivars / advanced lines of chickpea (<em>Cicer arietinum</em> L.). Three-week-old plantlets were subjected to cold stress (0°C) for 24 or 48 hours. Selected antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative status of chickpea plantlets under cold stress were determined. In most genotypes, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were increased and guaiacol peroxidase activity decreased under stress conditions but the activity of superoxide dismutase remained almost constant. Based on its ranking, <em>Cicer arietinum</em> ‘Saral’, a newly released cold-resistant Iranian chickpea cultivar, had the strongest, and FLIP 05-77C had the weakest antioxidative defense system under low temperature stress.

Antioxidant Enzyme Levels Inversely Covary with Hearing Loss After Amikacin Treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Klemens ◽  
Robert P. Meech ◽  
Larry F. Hughes ◽  
Satu Somani ◽  
Kathleen C.M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
The Difference

This study's purpose was to determine if a correlation exists between cochlear antioxidant activity changes and auditory function after induction of aminoglycoside (AG) ototoxicity. Two groups of five 250-350 g albino guinea pigs served as subjects. For 28 days, albino guinea pigs were administered either 200 mg/kg/day amikacin, or saline subcutaneously. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed prior to the first injection and again before sacrifice, 28 days later. Cochleae were harvested and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase activities and malondialdehyde levels were measured. All antioxidant enzymes had significantly lower activity in the amikacin group (p ≤ 0.05) than in the control group. The difference in cochlear antioxidant enzyme activity between groups inversely correlated significantly with the change in ABR thresholds. The greatest correlation was for the high frequencies, which are most affected by aminoglycosides. This study demonstrates that antioxidant enzyme activity and amikacin-induced hearing loss significantly covary.

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