Efficacy of some chemical insecticides and plant extracts combined with Bacillus thuringiensis against Phthorimaea operculella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Khorrami ◽  
Asmar Soleymanzade
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Abstract Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in the world. Since the chemical pesticides play a key role in managing of potato tuber moth (PTM), the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Proteus®, Takumi®, Avaunt®, Dorsban®, Decis®, Consult® and Vertimec® against neonate larval penetration and one-day-old eggs of P. operculella. But adverse effects of chemical insecticides, actuated researchers to seek secure tools such as medicinal plants and biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1715 for pest managements. Hence, we also examined toxicity of savory, ziziphora and cumin methanolic extracts against the pest under laboratory conditions. We also surveyed the synergistic/antagonistic interactions between the most effective insecticide and methanolic extract with Bt against PTM. Our results showed that both Vertimec® and savory synergized the performance of Bt against neonate larval penetration of P. operculella. Probit analysis of insecticides and methanolic extracts demonstrated that Vertimec® and Takumi® had high toxicities to the neonate larval penetration of PTM which exhibited LC50 values equivalent to 7.09 ppm and 0.008 g L−1, respectively. Savory was the most effective extract against larval penetration and hatching rate of the pest (LC50 = 440.36 and 635.93 ppm, respectively). Oviposition preference demonstrated that Vertimec® and Decis® exhibited inhibitory ovipositional effects against P. operculella.

scholarly journals Efficacy of local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) larvae on tomato plants under screenhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
E.O. Akinyelure ◽  
D.A. Machido ◽  
H.I. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Cry1 Genes

Abstract. The negative impact of chemical pesticides on the environment and the increased resistance of tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) field populations to chemical pesticides have promoted research on alternative control measures. Biological control with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) may be an alternative, especially against larval instars of T. absoluta. A total of five B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from soil sampled from two different Cow range lands in Zaria, Nigeria; and they were screened for the presence of the cry1 genes using polymerase chain reaction. Of the five isolates, two (40%) showed the presence of the cry1 genes. Results of the bioassay conducted against 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta at 28±2°C indicated that each of the concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of the spore crystal mixtures derived from the isolates harbouring cry1 genes caused significant mortality to larvae of T. absoluta after 72 hours in comparison to the control (0 ppm). Probit analysis was used to determine the LC50 and LT50 values. When the treatments were assessed at 48 and 72 hours, LC50 values against larvae were 74.1 and 25.3 ppm for isolate F3, while the LT50 values of that same isolate F3 at 100 ppm and 75 ppm were 36.3 and 42.7 hours, respectively. B. thuringiensis strain F2 achieved 68.7% reduction in T. absoluta damage on tomato plants, while B. thuringiensis isolate F3 achieved 71.3% reduction. Therefore, the spore crystal mixture derived from indigenous Bt strains is the candidate to be used for foliar application against T. absoluta and it is recommended into integrated pest control strategies for the management of T. absoluta.

Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extracts Through Different Extraction Modes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanza A. Awan ◽  
Masood S. Butt ◽  
Iahtisham Ul Haq ◽  
Hafiz A.R. Suleria
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
Acid Potential ◽  
The Ideal

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum) possesses health enhancing abilities due to the presence various phytoceutics moities. The current research was deigned to explore the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of Pakistani garlic. Methods: Garlic extracts were obtained using methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate at different time intervals (35, 50 and 65 min) followed by their polyphenols and flavonoid content determination. Afterwards, the antioxidant potential was also determined. Results: The outcomes revealed that the methanolic extracts obtained at 50 min extraction time showed maximum total phenolics as 60.38±0.23 mg GAE/100g and flavonoids as 58.45±1.24 mg/100g. Similarly, the highest DPPH activity (61.59±1.58%) and β-carotene and linoleic acid potential (64.96±1.72%) were also observed for methanolic extract. Conclusion: Inferences were made that Pakistani garlic contains myriad of phenolics and flavonoids but the extraction of these components depends upon the solvent/time combination. In this study, methanol proved to be the ideal solvent for the maximum extraction of phytochemicals from garlic.

scholarly journals Chemical compositions, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxicity of Asia minor wormwood (Artemisia splendens Willd.) growing in Iran

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Heshmati Afshar ◽  
Masumeh Zadehkamand ◽  
Zahra Rezaei ◽  
Abbas Delazar ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background Artemisia splendens from the Asteraceae family is a new source of biologically active compounds. The current study investigated to evaluate antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity of methanolic extracts and their fractions obtained from aerial parts by agar disk diffusion and MTT methods, respectively. The active fractions were subjected to preparative HPLC for isolating the pure compounds, which were structurally elucidated, by 1H and 13C NMR. Results The results showed that the methanolic extract and its 60% SPE fraction have the anti-proliferative activity on A549 cell line in comparison with the control group. Meanwhile, the methanolic extract and its 40% SPE fraction can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive strains as anti-microbial activity. The 60% SPE fraction also illustrated anti-proliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line compared to the control group. Chromatographic separations via preparative HPLC yielded 5 flavonoids and three flavonoid glycosides. Conclusion Based on the results it can be concluded that A. splendens as a potential source of cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds can be used in pharmaceutics.

Phenolic constituents and inhibitory effects of the leaf of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel on free radicals, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in rat’s brain in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola H. Oyeniran ◽  
Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Rauvolfia Vomitoria

AbstractObjectivesRauvolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa in the management of several human diseases including psychosis. However, there is inadequate scientific information on the potency of the phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf in the management of neurodegeneration. Therefore, this study characterized the phenolic constituents and investigated the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf on free radicals, Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and critical enzymes linked to neurodegeneration in rat’s brain in vitro.MethodsThe polyphenols were evaluated by characterizing phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant properties were assessed through the extracts ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+; inhibit ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of the extracts on AChE and MAO were also evaluated.ResultsThe phenolic characterization of R. vomitoria leaf revealed that there were more flavonoids present. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf had inhibitory effects with the methanolic extract having higher significant (p≤0.05) free radicals scavenging ability coupled with inhibition of monoamine oxidases. However, there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference obtained in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholinesterases.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rich phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf might contribute to the observed antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract; therefore, extraction of R. vomitoria leaf with methanol could offer better health-promoting effects in neurodegenerative condition.

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF UDHARA VAYUHARA CHURNA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Maruthi T. Ekbote ◽  
◽  
Rajashekar K. V ◽  
Shankarappa L ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Ayurvedic medicines are being used increasingly to fight or prevent common diseases. Udhara vayuhara churna is a polyherbal formulation containing Piper longum (Piperceae) Zingiber officinalis (Zingiberaceae), Elettaria cardamom (Zingiberaceae), Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae), Carum carvi (Umbelliferae), Acorus calamus (Araceae) and Embilica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Udhara vayuhara churna were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the Udhara vayuhara churna indicated that methanolic extract inhibited the growth of one or more test pathogens than aqueous extract. Udhara vayuhara churna formulation extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This may be due to the multifunctional effect of all the seven plant ingredients of Udhara Vayuhara churn.

Mortality and Inhibitory Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Artemisia annua L. on Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss) and Shedding of Cercariae

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
I.M. Ado ◽  
Z.A. Ali ◽  
M.M. Dogara ◽  
K. Abdullahi ◽  
S.A Luka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The search for bioactive plants which can be used as non-conventional anthelmintics has received considerable attention in recent times because of the increasing, worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelminthes worm populations. However, scientific evidence to validate the use of raw plants materials remain limited. This study evaluated the mortality and inhibitory effects of the crude aqueous and methanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. against the shedding of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni from Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The phytochemical screening of the plant was done using standard procedure, after which the mortality effects of the plant extracts and effects on the shedding of cercariae from B. pfeifferi snails were assessed for 24 hour of exposure. Methanolic extract with the highest concentration of 1.77mg/µL had an inhibitory effect of 63.06±1.84 while the least concentration with 0.12mg/µL had 22.41±2.17 inhibitory effect. For the aqueous extract, the highest concentration with 2.73mg/µL had an inhibitory effect of  55.75±1.94 while the least concentration of 0.23mg/µL had 21.80±1.45. Inhibitory effect of cercariae in the snail vector was  concentration dependent, and there was significance difference (P<0.05) between the treatment mean when compared with the control group. This study has shown that this plant material has some inhibitory effect on the shedding of of S. mansoni cercariae and toxicityeffect on the B. pfeifferisnails, and can therefore be used for the control of the disease causing agent as well as the vector. Keywords: Artemisia annua, Inhibitory effects, cercariae, Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Nurwening Sholikhah ◽  
Maulina Diah ◽  
Mustofa ◽  
Masriani ◽  
Susi Iravati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., local name sengkubak, is one of indigenous plants from West Kalimantan that has been used as natural flavor. Pycnorrhena cauliflora is one of species of Menispermaceae family which is rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This alkaloids are known to have various biological activities including antiprotozoal, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of  the P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanolic extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., root, leaf and stem were prepared by maceration. The disk-diffusion method was then used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 18-24 h incubation at 37 oC. Amoxicillin was used as positive control for gram-positive bacteria and ciprofloxacin was used as gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones were then measured in mm. Analysis were conducted in duplicates. The results showed in general the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (inhibition zone diameter= 10-23 mm) were more active than that leaf (0-15 mm) and stem (0-17 mm) extracts against gram-positive bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of amoxicillin as positive control was 8-42 mm. In addition, the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (12-17 mm) were also more active than that leaf (0-12 mm) and stem (0-12 mm) extracts against gram-negative bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of ciprofloxacin as positive control was 33-36 mm. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of P. caulifloria (Miers.) Diels. root is the most extract active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Further study will be focused to isolate active compounds in the methanolic extract of the root.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Extract of Caryota no on Antioxidant Levels in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Chinonye A. Maduagwuna ◽  
Simeon Omale ◽  
Monday A. Etuh ◽  
Steven S. Gyang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Plateau State

Aims: To investigate the anti-oxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Caryota no seeds in Drosophila melanogaster (DM). Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration: Sample: African Centre of Excellence for Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State Nigeria between June 2018 and February 2019.                                                                                                                                                     Methodology: These assays were conducted by exposing 50 flies per vial to the selected concentrations (350 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg) of the extract in 5 independent replicates for seven days while control group received distilled water. The total protein content was then determined from the supernatant of the fly homogenate. The antioxidant activity and levels of GST, CAT and total thiol were then measured. The statistical difference among test groups was presumed at P < .05.                                                                                                         Results: The methanolic extract of Caryota no caused nonsignificant (P = .33) decrease in total proteins in DM below basal levels in a dose-dependent pattern.  The antioxidant activity showed nonsignificant (P = .28) lowering of the GST activity in DM below control levels. The methanolic extract of CN nonsignificantly (P > .05) increased the levels of catalase (P = .36) and total thiol levels (P = .22).                                                                                                       Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that the methanolic extract of Caryota no contains appreciable concentrations of different types of antioxidants. This may provide perspectives for the evaluation and development of effective and safe phytomedicines created from the local biodiversity. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saddam Hussain ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document