scholarly journals Peran Alex Evert Kawilarang dalam Menumpas DI/TII di Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Abdul Fatah Miftahudin ◽  
Ading Kusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
West Java ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Road ◽  
Time Served ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

 AbstractThe Darul Islam Movement / Indonesian Islamic Army (DI / TII) is a movement that emerged from dissatisfaction with the "Renville" agreement which impacted on TNI and army troops who had to migrate from West Java. on August 7, 1949 S. M. Kartosuwirjo as the leader declared the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia (NII) with its central position in West Java, especially in the East Priangan area. This made things even more difficult to control when on 19 December 1948 the Dutch reneged on the Renville Agreement and attacked the Indonesian capital in Yogyakarta, the Second War of Independence broke out, so this triggered the return of troops who migrated to their troops in West Java, but when it arrived at their troops were welcomed like enemies, finally a war broke out between three camps namely the TNI, Darul Islam and the Dutch troops. to the point where on December 27, 1949 the Dutch recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia but DI / TII remained in principle wanting to establish a State based on Islamic sharia. The government finally held diplomacy but it did not find any bright spot so the government took the road to dissolve the DI / TII movement by force. Colonel AE Kawilarang, who at that time served as Commander of the Army and Territory III / West Java and was responsible for restoring security and peace in the region of West Java, thus the central government issued an Order to carry out "Operation Merdeka" in an effort to disperse DI / TII to re-lap Motherland. Keywords: DI/TII, Kawilarang, Supperssion DI/TIIAbstrak Gerakan Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) adalah gerakan yang muncul dari ketidakpuasan atas perjanjian “Renville” yang berdampak pada pasukan TNI dan  lasykar yang harus hijrah dari Jawa Barat. pada tanggal 7 Agustus 1949 S. M. Kartosuwirjo sebagai pemimpin menyatakan berdirinya Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) dengan pusat kedudukannya berada di Jawa Barat, terutama di daerah Priangan Timur. Hal ini membuat keadaan semakin sulit dikendalikan ketika pada tanggal 19 Desember 1948 Belanda mengkhinati Perjanjian Renville dan menyerang ibu kota RI di Yogyakarta maka pecahlah Perang Kemerdekaan II, sehingga ini menjadi pemicu  kembalinya tentara  yang hijrah ke pasukan-pasukannya di Jawa Barat, tetapi ketika sampai di pasukan mereka disambut layaknya musuh, akhirnya pecahlah perang antara tiga kubu yaitu TNI, Darul Islam dan pasukan Belanda. sampai pada titik dimana pada tangggal 27 Desember 1949 Belanda mengakui kedaulatan RI tapi DI/TII tetap pada prinsipnya ingin mendirikan Negara yang berlandaskan syari’at Islam. Pemerintah akhirnya mengadakan diplomasi akan tetapi tidak menemui titik terang sehingga pemerintah mengambil jalan untuk membubarkan gerakan DI/TII secara paksa. Kolonel A. E. Kawilarang yang pada saat itu menjabat sebagai Panglima Tentara dan Teritorium III/Jawa Barat serta bertanggung jawab terhadap pemulihan keamanan dan ketentraman wilayah Jawa Barat, dengan demikan pemerintah pusat mengeluarkan Perintah untuk menjalankan “Operasi Merdeka” dalam usaha membubarkan DI/TII agar kembali kepangkuan Ibu Pertiwi. Kata kunci: DI/TII, Kawilarang, pembubaran DI/TII.  

K.H. Abdul Halim dan Gagasan Pendidikan Ekonomi Berbasis Pesantren

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
West Java ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economics And Politics

This paper discusses the biography of K.H. Abdul Halim, a cleric, educator, political activist, a national hero, who was born in Jatiwangi, Majalengka, West Java on June 26, 1887 and died on May 7, 1962, in a peaceful and quiet place, Santi Asromo, Majalengka. The title of the National Hero from the Government of Indonesia was granted on the basis of his important roles in education, economics and politics. Among his legacy are the religious educational institutions, namely Santi Asromo Pesantren, the religious organization of the Islamic Ummah Union (PUI), and several books such as the Kitab Petunjuk bagi Sekalian Manusia (Manual for Man), Ekonomi dan Koperasi dalam Islam (Economics and Cooperative in Islam), dan Ketetapan Pengajaran di Sekolah Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama (The Teaching Decrees at Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama School). His biography is a manifestation of appreciation for his services and works, his struggle and his devotion to science and people, as well as his role and contribution in building the nation of Indonesia with noble character and dignity. Another milestone of his is the value of the struggle and at the same time his Islamic scholarship can be an example for the younger generation in particular and for anyone who aspires to build a nation of Indonesia which is based on the Belief in One God, fair and civilized, united in the context of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Keywords: Kiai, Education, Pesantren, Majalengka, West Java Tulisan ini mengangkat biografi K.H. Abdul Halim dan gagasannya tentang pendidikan ekonomi di pesantren. Ia memiliki nama kecil Otong Syatori, dikenal sebagai ulama pejuang, pendidik, dan aktivis politik. Ia dilahirkan di Desa Ciborelang, Kecamatan Jatiwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada 26 Juni 1887, dan wafat dalam usia 75 tahun pada 7 Mei 1962, di Santi Asromo, Majalengka. Ia mendapat gelar Pahlawan Nasional dari Pemerintah RI tahun 2008. Perjuangannya meliputi pendidikan, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis dengan perspektif historis. Adapun fokusnya, selain biog¬rafi singkat K.H. Abdul Halim, juga tentang konsep pendidikan eko¬no¬mi berbasis pesantren. Dari hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ia telah melakukan pembaharuan di bidang pendidikan agama dan sekaligus memberikan keterampilan kewirausahaan bagi santri dan lulusannya. Awalnya gagasan tersebut berasal dari konsep pembaharuannya yang disebut Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, yaitu: perbaikan akidah, ibadah, pendidikan, keluarga, kebiasaan (adat), masyarakat, ekonomi, dan hubungan umat dan tolong-menolong. Di bidang pendidikan, ia memadukan sistem pesantren dengan sistem sekolah, ilmu-ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu umum, serta memberkali para santrinya dengan berbagai keterampilan tangan dan keahlian teknik. Di bidang ekonomi, disebutnya dengan Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād, untuk menanggulangi ketimpangan ekonomi di masyarakat, yaitu dengan menanamkan kesadaran kepada kaum muslimin agar berusaha memperbai¬ki dan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya dan berjuang secara bersama-sama melalui wadah koperasi. Kata kunci: Abdul Halim, Santi Asromo, pendidikan ekonomi, Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād

Wyzwanie dla tożsamości międzynarodowej Macedonii – grecko macedoński spór o nazwę państwa

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Artur Adamczyk ◽  
Mladen Karadzoski
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
International Identity ◽  
Of Greece

The main purpose of the article is to present how the Greek- -Macedonian naming dispute influenced the problem of implementation the international identity of Macedonia. Despite the initial problems of the government in Skopje related to determining their international identity, Macedonians managed to define the principles regarding the identification of a new state on the international stage. As a small country with limited attributes to shape its international position, Macedonia has basically been determined to seek guarantees for its existence and security in stable and predictable European international structures such as NATO and the European Union. The main obstacle for Macedonians on the road to Euro-Atlantic structures was the veto of Greece, a member of these organizations, resulting from Athens’ refusal to accept the name the Republic of Macedonia. The Prespa Agreement of 2018 gave a new impetus to the realization of the international identity of North Macedonia.

scholarly journals Proses Administrasi Kurikulum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNISA
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dynamic Cycle ◽  
Centralized System

Considering that the Government of the Republic of Indonesia consists of the central government and regional governments, the administrative system also "adjusts so that a centralized system and a decentralized system are subjected. The system of centralized centralization is a system that refers to the administrative authority that is in the central government. Whereas the decentralized system is a system referring to the administrative authority that is in the regional government The implementation of the two administrative systems is a dynamic cycle and administrative mechanism, one related to each other and supporting each other In relation to the administration of educational programs (administration of curriculum), in Indonesia both systems have been applied The application is intended to support the integration and harmony in the implementation of education or curriculum that is realized through the quality requirements and management authority.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN PERAN APARATUR PEMERINTAHAN DESA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS PEMERINTAHAN DESA DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasji Rasji
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Technical Guidance

Village government is the lowest level of government in the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Its existence is very strategic for the implementation of programs of the central government, local government, and the wishes of the village community, so that the village government can help create a balance between the goals desired by the state and those desired by the people, namely the welfare of the people. For this reason, the role of village government officials is important to achieve the success of implementing village government tasks. In fact, there are still many village government officials who have not been able to carry out their duties and authorities properly and correctly. How are efforts to strengthen the role of village government officials so that they are able to carry out their duties and authority properly and correctly? One effort that can be done is to provide technical guidance to village government officials regarding village governance, the duties and authorities of village government officials, as well as the preparation of village regulations. Through this activity, it is hoped that the role of the village government apparatus in carrying out their duties and authorities will be strong, so that their duties and authorities can be carried out properly and correctlyABSTRAK;Pemerintahan desa adalah tingkat pemerintahan terendah di dalam Pemerintahan Negara Republik Indonesia. Keberadaannya sangat strategis bagi penerapan program pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, dan keinginan masyarakat desa, sehingga pemerintah desa dapat membantu terciptanya keseimbangan tujuan yang diinginkan oleh negara dan yang diinginkan oleh rakyat yaitu kesejahteraan rakyat. Untuk itu peran aparatur pemerintahan desa menjadi penting untuk mencapai keberhasilan pelaksanaan tugas pemerintahan desa. Pada kenyataannya masih banyak aparatur pemerintahan desa yang belum dapat melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya dengan baik dan benar. Bagaimana upaya menguatkan peran aparatur pemerintahan desa, agar mampu menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya secara baik dan benar? Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah memberikan bimbingan teknis kepada aparatur pemerintahan desa mengenai pemerintahan desa, tugas dan wewenang aparatur pemerintah desa, maupun penyusunan peraturan desa. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan peran aparatur pemerintahan desa dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya menjadi kuat, sehingga tugas dan wewenangnya dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan benar.

Dynamics of Selection of Regional Heads in Indonesia in the Reformation Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Fifiana WISNAENI
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Regional Elections ◽  
Selection Of

The regional head as the organizer of the government in the region is also an extension of the central government, has a pretty heavy task, therefore in order for the State's goals to be achieved, regional heads must be chosen that are truly credible, qualified and qualified, so that it can bring success to regional development in carrying out government affairs as mandated by the Act, which will ultimately have a positive impact, in the form of support for national development. This research is intended to examine, criticize and analyze which are expected to provide solutions related to the development of the authority to form laws in the constitutional system of the Republic of Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this study are the dynamics of regional elections in Indonesia in the reformation era and the implications of the dynamics of regional elections in the Indonesian constitutional system. The method of approach used in this study is normative juridical, which is an approach that uses the positivist concept which states that law is identical with written norms created and enacted by authorized institutions or officials. The dynamics of regional head elections in Indonesia in the Reformation era include the conditions for pairs of candidates for regional head elections and the mechanism for regional head elections. Pairs of regional head candidates must be proposed by political parties or a combination of eligible political parties.  

scholarly journals Post-ISIS Iraq and the Shia Armed Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Kardo Rached ◽  
Ahmed Omar Bali
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Weberian Theory ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Self Defence

The political environment of Iraq in the period from 2011-2014 experienced a great degree of turbulence. Many Sunni tribes in the Anbar, Ramadi and Salahadin regions organized a daily protest against the central government, accusing it of being sectarian. Gradually, these protests become more popular, and the Baghdad government became fearful that it would spread into the other regions of Iraq. In order to control the protests, the government used force, and many were killed. Simultaneously, in Syria, and especially during 2013-2014, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) controlled more land and more people, and to take advantage of the Iraqi people's dissatisfaction with their government, ISIS crossed the border between Iraq and Syria in June 2014. Mosul as the second most heavily populated city was seized by ISIS and the Iraqi army could not fight back, which meant that the Iraqi army retreated from most of the Sunni areas. Even Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, and the city where the central government operates, was threatened. While the Iraqi army was unable to fight against ISIS, the Shia religious supreme leader Al-Sistani called for self-defence and to stand against ISIS. Sistani’s call became a cornerstone for the creation of the so-called Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) with the aim of the fighting against ISIS. In this article, we assess the PMF from different perspectives, for example, using the Weberian theory that the state is the only entity that has a monopoly on violence, considering Ariel Ahram's model of state-sponsored and government-sponsored militias, and finally the devolution of violence to these armed groups.

Leadership Under Islamic Norms (Al Imamah fill Islam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Moh. Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Islamic State ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Presidential Systems

<p>Based on the expert opinions, a leadership was a governance which carried out by someone (individual) including institutions based on deliberation that gave a consensus decisions in the form of right and obligation which must be done as the mandate. Another argument said that a leadership was a society servants (al imamu huwa ngabdu qoumin). In fact, the country that was not Islamic state (under Islamic norms) there was different meaning of a leadership here. A leader would develop based on the basic foundations (norms) of each countries including have different patterns which be expanded by each government systems of its country. For the example, the Republic of Indonesia which embraced Presidential systems with Trias politica models (The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary) that have its primary tasks and functions. When these branches were not harmonious, it would made imbalance nuances and mutual suspicion among the government institutions.</p><p> </p>

What Will Be Next? After a Decade of Exploration Activities Towards Giant Discovery in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiratno
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The North ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Exploration activities in a decade we're going toward making a significant contribution to the discovery of oil and gas reserves or resources in Indonesia. The success of exploration activities is a joint result of several parties including the government and Cooperation Contract Contractors under SKK Migas control. The Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) continues to take various initiatives to find giant discoveries or significant oil and gas reserves. In the road map of exploration activities, a total of around 805 wells and 127,411 km of 2D seismic surveys and 64,513 km2 of 3D seismic surveys have been carried out to search for giant discoveries over the past decade. Exploration drilling activities were mostly carried out in the Western area of Indonesia with a total of 358 wells, followed by the Kalimantan area with planned drilling of 258 wells. Then as many as 195 wells were drilled in Java and Eastern Indonesia with 115 wells. Most seismic survey activities were carried out in eastern Indonesia with a total area surveyed along 60,928 km and an area of 25,470 km2, Kalimantan 24,475 km and an area of 15,287 km2, Java along 22,4455 km and 7,969 km2, the southern Sumatra area 6,708 km and an area of 6,708 km and 4,696 km2 and the survey in the North Sumatra and Natuna area is 12,854 km and 11,091 km2. Besides, various policies have been issued to intensify exploration activities in particular to maintain the Republic of Indonesia's National Energy Security in the eyes of the World.

Darul Islam in West Java: The Rise and Fall of an Islamist Insurgency in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-144
Author(s):  
Ioana Emy Matesan
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Face ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Armed Resistance ◽  
The Government

This chapter traces the evolution of the Darul Islam rebellion in West Java to explain how the group shifted from one fighting against colonial forces to one staging an insurgency against the Indonesian Republic that has inspired subsequent generations of Islamist activism. The group turned toward armed resistance against the government to protect its organizational interests and authority in the face of perceived external aggression. During the rebellion, however, Darul Islam was severely weakened by the combination of effective military campaigns waged against it, member defections, offers of amnesty, and the loss of public support. The rebellion eventually ran out of steam and withered away after the death of the main leader, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo. However, though the West Java rebellion was defeated, the idea of establishing an Islamic state in Indonesia persisted, and it continues to inspire Islamist activists to this day.

scholarly journals Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions Policy (PSBB) in Bogor District Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Retnowati WD Tuti ◽  
Ma'mun Murod ◽  
Tria Patrianti
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Large-scale Social Limitation (hereinafter referred to as PSBB) is one form of concern. The government and local governments are Pendemic throughout Indonesia and the world, namely Pandemic Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Bogor Regency, which is one of the buffer cities of the Republic of Indonesia, is an area that is quite vulnerable in spreading the Corona virus. Why? because many DKI Jakarta employees / laborers live in Bogor Regency, whose mobility is very high. With the birth of Regent Regulation No. 16 of 2020 concerning Implementation of Large- Scale Social Restrictions in Handling COVID-19 in order to conserve the use of Covid 19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Implementation of Large Scale Social Limitation Policies in the Government of Bogor Regency. This research method uses Qualitative Methods with Literature Study research methods. (Huberman, Miles, 1994). The technique of inviting data is by searching Scientific Journals, Online Mass Media, Legislation and Books. The technique to determine Online Media by Pusposive, while for data analysis using Nvivo 12 Plus. Test the validity of the data by testing the data source. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Large-Scale Social Limitation Policy in the Bogor District Government has not yet proceeded, starting from the clash of authority between the Central Government and the Regional Government so that it cannot make improvements, and many more are in accordance with the provisions of Covid-19 and its distribution. Social assistance to the community.

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