scholarly journals Activities of Local Government Institutions on the Stolypin Agrarian Reform Implementation in the Territory of Belarus (1906–1914)

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tolmacheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Reform Implementation ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Historical Methods

Introduction. The preparation and implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform attracted the attention of researchers of the 20th – 21st centuries. However, the interaction of the entire system of already existing and new local government institutions in implementing the reform in Belarus has not become a subject of a special study. The purpose of the article is to prove the interaction of local government institutions within the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform in 1906–1914 in the territory of Belarus. Methodology. The sources of the article were legislative acts, as well as the information founded in the archival and published documents. The general scientific and specific historical methods were used there as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, the value approach. Results. In the early 20th century, a system of local government institutions on the implementation of the government agrarian policy was formed in the Empire. It included land (zemstvo) captains, their district (uyezd) congresses and provincial (guberniya) agencies (prisutstviya). The implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform required the creation of new institutions – land management commissions. The absence of zemstvo and noble election in the territory of Belarus caused the peculiarities of the formation of the commission staff. Land captains and members of land management commissions carried out explanatory work among the population about the benefits of the transition to farms (khutors) and cuts of lands (otrubs). Based on the information collected by land captains, land management commissions drew up land management plans for the next year, distributed and carried out the work. District congresses and provincial agencies approved land certificates. Conclusion. The success of the reform depended on the coordinated work and cooperation of all elements of the local government system, the prevalence of household land use. The explanatory work carried out by land captains and members of land management commissions, the promotion of sale of banking lands, allotment of land units to ownership and the transition to new household forms received support of the population. All those facts ensured the success of the implementation of the Stolypin reform in the territory of Belarus.

Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Muhammad Febri Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementasi Kebijakan Agraria dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan (Kasus Lahan Eks HGU di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat). Dibimbing oleh MARTUA SIHALOHO.Redistribusi lahan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebuah upaya implementasi kebijakan agraria. Kebijakan agraria tersebut berupa asset reform (penataan aset) eks lahan perkebunan dengan skema legalisasi aset berwujud sertifikasi bidang lahan. Namun dalam pelaksanannya pemerintah mengklaim bahwa kebijakan tersebut merupakan agenda reforma agraria. Atas dasar klaim tersebut, penting untuk meninjau access reform (penataan akses) bekerja, karena pada hakikatnya reforma agraria merupakan asset reform (penataan aset) dan access reform (penataan akses) yang berjalan beriringan, dengan bertujuan untuk menata ketimpangan penguasaan lahan agar terwujudnya keadilan agraria (agrarian justice). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif yang didukung kualitatif dengan pendekatan sensus. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan responden ialah purposive sampling dengan teknik non probability sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji statistik rank spearman untuk melihat hubungan variabel. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa tingkat asset reform berada pada kategori rendah. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa asset reform berhubungan dengan access reform dan asset reform berhubungan dengan ketimpangan penguasaan lahan.Kata kunci: access reform, asset reform, keadilan agraria, reforma agrariaABSTRACTMUHAMAD FEBRI RAMDANI. Implementation of Agrarian Policy and Land Tenure Inequality (Case of Ex-HGU Land in Cipeuteuy Village, Kabandungan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province). Supervised by MARTUA SIHALOHO.Land redistribution has been done by government as an effort of agrarian policy implementation. The policy came in form of asset reform of ex-plantation land with asset legalization scheme (land-part certification). But the government claimed that this policy is one of the agrarian reform agenda. It is important to observe how this access reform works, because agrarian and access reform can’t be separated one another, with purpose to reduce the inequality of land tenure so that the agrarian justice can be reach. This research used quantitative method supported by qualitative data, using the census approachment. Purposive sampling with non probabilty sampling used to specify the respondent. The data processed by rank spearman statistic test to analyze the relation between variable. This research shows a low level of asset reform. The statistic test shows that the low asset reform have a strong relation to low access reform, and high inequality of land tenure.Key words: access reform, agrarian justice, agrarian reform, asset reform

scholarly journals Efektivitas Kelembagaan Pemerintah dalam Integrasi Pola Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air dalam RTRW (Studi Kasus: Provinsi Jawa Tengah)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Silviani Junita ◽  
Imam Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Government

<p><em>The effectiveness of integration in water resources management in spatial planning can be achieved if there is a harmonious coordination between central government and local government. This research is aimed to analyze the role and the coordination pattern of inter-sectoral institutions relate to water resource planning and management in RTRW. This research is using quantitative approach. The analysis is conducted to analysis the role and the coordination in inter-sectoral institutional and to analysis the effectiveness of the successful integration of water resources management in spatial planning. The analysis result shows that there the government institutions integrated with the water resources management in spatial planning is still ineffective because there are the differences of substance regulation between water resources management and spatial planning. So, the recommendation is to make a coordination forum to accommodate the interests of water resources and spatial planning so there is an agreement in the water resources management in the spatial planning regulation.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Act of 1995 on Customary, State and Church Lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dominic Mulenga Mukuka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Land System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

The article sets out to examine the concept of customary or traditional land within the context of Zambia’s dual land system that is categorized as: customary/traditional land. In turn, the traditional land is controlled, allocated, and regulated through the Chiefs. Then there is formal land that is owned and controlled by the State through the Commissioner of Lands who works in consultation with the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, in conjunction with the Ministry of Local Government and its District Councils. The article will thus examine the history of dual land system in Zambia; and will further evaluate the Land Act of 1995, whose purpose was to propose a wave of new land system reforms. The latter was intended to establish a more efficient system of land tenure conversion in Zambia. The article also examines the administration of conversion process of traditional/customary and State land. The article sets out on the premise that without effective tenure conversion policies in administering land, sustainable development in both traditional or customary and State areas will be hampered. To this effect, the issue of boundaries in customary or traditional communities will be discussed as a way of building territorial integrity and land management in customary land, through cadastral surveys that is apparent with the rise in population and demand for market-based activities in rural areas. The article will argue that without clearly defined systems of administration and demarcation of boundaries, between customary/traditional and State/formal lands in Zambia, this process will be prone to more land conflicts hindering socio-economic progress. Hence, the aim of the article is to investigate how the United Church of Zambia’s land has been administered and managed, considering the fact that most of its land is based both in customary/traditional areas that are controlled by the Chiefs and formal or State lands that are largely controlled by the government institutions. The methodology that will be used in or der to examine how the United Church of Zambia manages and administer its land will be qualitative methodology. The article will conclude that there is need for the United Church of Zambia to develop a land management policy that will assist the Church to manage and administer its lands that is both located in the traditional and government areas. Above all, the Church needs to ensure that leasehold conversion that is both customary and traditional authorities through the local Chiefs and the government through its Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, Commissioner of Lands, together with the Ministry of Local Government are legitimately acquired.

scholarly journals Citizens’ or Government’s Will? Exploration of Why Indonesia’s Local Governments Adopt Technologies for Open Government

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11197
Author(s):  
Hafizh Rafizal Adnan ◽  
Achmad Nizar Hidayanto ◽  
Sherah Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Government

Web 2.0 is a technology that enables collaboration between citizens and the government to actualise the concept of open government. The adoption of technology in the public sector is known to have positive impacts in fostering public sector innovation, including in developing countries with various problems that require collaboration between citizens and the government. However, currently studies concerning open government technology adoption in developing countries are limited. Indonesia as an example of a developing and democratic country provides a suitable context to explore this phenomenon. Moreover, there are many local government institutions in Indonesia, especially on Java Island, that have implemented Web 2.0 to support open government initiatives. Therefore, this research aims to explore key factors influencing the adoption of the Web 2.0 platform by local government institutions in Indonesia. Multiple theories are combined to guide the exploration of the influencing factors related to technology, organisations, management, and the environment. Based on a multiple case study involving five local government institutions in Indonesia, we identified fifteen factors affecting the adoption of Web 2.0 technology. This study offers both research and practical implications that can be considered by government and other key stakeholders to optimise public participation and information access through the adoption of open government initiatives.

scholarly journals SUBJEK AGRARIA PADA LOKASI KONFLIK KAWASAN TRANSMIGRASI (STUDI KASUS: UNIT PEMUKIMAN TRANSMIGRASI ARONGO, KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Aryuni Salpianja Jabar ◽  
Danial Danial ◽  
Albasri Albasri ◽  
Yoenita Djayadisastra ◽  
Wa Ode Lusianai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government

The presence of an agrarian reform program in the current administration provides new hope for the management of more prosperous agricultural land, not least on transmigration lands. Especially in the determination of the Land of Agrarian Reform Objects (TORA) transmigration land received a share of 0.6 million hectares from 9 million hectares of the government's target. Unfortunately, until now there are still many images of transmigration lands that are far from expectations. This means that there are still many transmigration lands involved in conflicts both vertically and horizontally. This paper aims to analyze conflicts on transmigration lands located in UPT. Arongo, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Conflict analysis is directed at mapping agrarian subjects involved in a conflict. Qualitative descriptive methods are used to obtain in-depth information related to the agrarian subject. The results showed conflict in the UPT transmigration land. Arongo consists of 3 agrarian subjects namely elements of government, private and community. The government element is represented by the local government, transmigration service and National Land Agency. Community elements consist of local residents, migrants who are not directly affected and transmigrants whose land is directly affected. Community elements were also formed within the United Farmers Konawe Selatan and Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (KPA). While PT. Merbau Jaya Indah Raya Group is part of the agrarian subject of the private element.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Decentralization in Pakistan: A Study of Musharraf Devolution Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Sanaullah ◽  
Tasneem Sarwat ◽  
Hina Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
District Administration

Pakistan has had a long history devolution plan since independence. However, every local government has been masterminded and implemented by the military dictator. Musharraf, after taking over the affairs of the government, introduced a system of local selfgovernment whose elections were to be held on a non-party basis. Although this was one good initiative as the system transferred powers to the gross root level by empowering the local population, tried to ensure the financial autonomy of the local government institutions, and provided for the civilian supremacy of the elected representatives over the more powerful bureaucracy. However, despite all these good points, the system came under hot criticism for many of the loopholes that the authorities filed to address. Perhaps, the most important was the election on a non-party basis. Furthermore, a continuous tussle between the elected representative and district administration hampered the smooth running of the affairs of the district. What this paper concludes is that there is plenty of room for improvement in the system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bureaucratic Reforms Implementation for Optimizing of Governance in Indonesia (Focus on the Public Service Innovation in Local Government Institutions)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Elvira Mulya Nalien ◽  
Teguh Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bureaucratic Reforms

The deep-rooted pathology in public services and the high demands on its quality improvementencourage the government to focus on service functions, especially during the Joko Widodoand Jusuf Kalla Administration. In line with Nawacita (nine programs), their electionpromise, and the bureaucratic reforms planning of 2015-2019, the improvement of publicservice delivery becomes one of the most important issues. This paper uses the descriptivemethod and inductive approach with interviews, observation, and documentation as datacollection techniques. The result shows that the Public Service Innovation Competitionheld by the Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reforms (PANRB)can generate innovations that succeeded in bringing changes and greatly affect theimplementation of the Bureaucratic Reforms to the optimization of governance in Indonesia,especially in local governments.Keywords: innovation, public service, bureaucratic reforms, good governance

scholarly journals The Myth of Administrative Decentralization in the Context of Centralized Human Resources Recruitment in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Mrutu Lukio Lawrence ◽  
Stella Kinemo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recruitment System ◽  
Administrative Decentralization

Tanzania is implementing the decentralization by devolution policy (D by D) as a mechanism of facilitating quick development process through the involvement of people from grass root levels. One of the areas for decentralization is administrative decentralization whereby local government authorities are regarded as autonomous organs when it comes to management of human resources from hiring to firing. However, recently from 2009, the government decided to establish a new centralized recruitment system, which recruits and allocates human resources on behalf of local government authorities and other government institutions. Several reasons have been advocated in favour of these changes like to facilitate uniformity and lack of meritocracy by the local government authorities. Using secondary data, this paper attempts to show how the establishment of centralized recruitment in Tanzania has acted as a thorn towards the full attainment of administrative decentralization. The paper ends by concluding that centralized recruitment has not only weakened local authorities in implementing D by D policy but it has left a lacuna in the real meaning of D by D policy.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN REFORMA AGRARIA DI INDONESIA

Yuridika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reform Needs

Agrarian reform is one of solutions to overcome the poverty. The agrarian reform needs a political commitment from the government. In addition, agrarian information is important to figure out the problems and its potential to overcome the problems. Agrarian reform can not depend on the authority and political power of the government only, it also needs the involvement of the community and other stakeholders. In the context of regional authonomy, the authority of agrarian reform will be the authority of the local government, therefore the involvement of the community in every stage is necessary. National Planning for Agrarian Reform Programme should be conformed with the characteristics of the region and the inputs from the stakeholders, since they understand the situation and the agrarian problems in the region.Keywords: agrarian reform, stakeholders, landreform.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN NEGARA DALAM PENGUASAAN TANAH: REDISTRIBUSI TANAH UNTUK RAKYAT (THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE IN LAND TENURE: REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND TO THE PEOPLE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
Denico Doly
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
State Control ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Administration And Supervision ◽  
And Control

State control over land is mandated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The state is mandated to carry out the management and utilization of land based on the spirit of community welfare. Agrarian reform in land sector is a way to reorganize or restructure land management and utilization. State control over land can be found in term of regulation, management, policy, administration, and supervision. The state control over land needs to be specifically regulated in a law governing the land. One form of state control over land is redistribution. The redistribution of land for the people is controlled with its first step of identification on Land Objects for Agrarian Reform (TORA) followed by land management as part of Agrarian Reform. Further, in order to support land redistribution program, the government can impose moratorium on land use for business-oriented development, restrict land tenure and control, control land prices, and revoke any rights to unutilized land. AbstrakPenguasaan negara terhadap tanah merupakan amanat yang tercantum dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD Tahun 1945). Negara diamanatkan untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah yang didasari oleh semangat mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pembaruan agraria di bidang pertanahan merupakan salah satu bentuk perombakan atau penataan ulang terhadap pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanah. Penguasaan negara terhadap tanah dapat berupa pengaturan, pengelolaan, kebijakan, pengurusan, dan pengawasan. Bentuk penguasaan negara terhadap tanah ini perlu diatur secara khusus dalam sebuah undang-undang yang mengatur tentang pertanahan. Salah satu bentuk penguasaan negara yaitu dengan melakukan redistribusi tanah. Redistribusi tanah untuk rakyat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi Tanah Obyek Reforma Agraria (TORA) untuk kemudian dikelola sebagai bagian dari Reforma Agraria. Selain itu, dalam rangka mendukung program redistribusi tanah, pemerintah dapat melakukan moratorium penggunaan tanah untuk pembangunan yang berorientasi pada bisnis, membatasi kepemilikan dan penguasaan tanah, pengendalian harga tanah, dan mencabut hak atas tanah yang tidak dimanfaatkan.

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