scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plant Kadsura heteroclita

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1802-1831
Author(s):  
Xiaodong ZHANG ◽  
Caixia LI ◽  
Chonlong CHIO ◽  
Ayyappa K. S. KAMESHWAR ◽  
Tianxiao MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Kadsura Heteroclita ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

Stems and roots of Kadsura plant species were the significant ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Kadsura heteroclita is one of the popular medicinal plants used in Tujia and Yao nationalities of China. Antioxidant compounds like lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid are the major active components of K. hetroclita. Mass cultivation and bio-manufacturing strategies were being proposed to meet the increasing demand of Kadsura species plant parts. Therefore, it is important to reveal the molecular networks involved in biosynthesis of these highly efficient medicinal compounds. Here, transcriptomes of roots, stems and leaves in K. heteroclite seedling were sequenced by Hiseq2000 and unigenes involved in biosynthesis of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis were mined. As a result, 472 million clean reads were obtained which after aligning resulted in 160,248 transcripts and 98,005 genes. 191 and 279 unigenes were expected to be involved in biosynthesis of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways respectively. Lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway genes were highly significant and differentially upregulated in roots and stems and downregulated in leaves. Also, genes encoding for MYB and bHLH transcription factors possibly involved in regulation of lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis were discovered. These results provide the fundamental genomic resources for dissecting of biosynthetic pathways of the active components in K. hetroclita.

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

scholarly journals Lupeol Accumulation Correlates with Auxin in the Epidermis of Castor

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Donghai Li ◽  
Cheng Pan ◽  
Jianjun Lu ◽  
Wajid Zaman ◽  
Huayan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Lupeol, a natural lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, possesses various pharmacological properties, and its production attracts attention. Significant quantities of lupeol are deposited on the castor aerial organ surface and are easily extractable as a predominant wax constituent. Thus, castor might be considered as a potential bioreactor for the production of lupeol. The lupeol biosynthesis pathway is well known, but how it is regulated remains largely unknown. Among large numbers of castor cultivars, we targeted one accession line (337) with high levels of lupeol on its stem surface and low levels thereof on its hypocotyl surface, implicating that lupeol synthesis is differentially regulated in the two organs. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we did comparative transcriptome analysis of the first internode of 337 stem and the upper hypocotyl. Our results show that large amounts of auxin-related genes are differentially expressed in both parts, implying some possible interactions between auxin and lupeol production. We also found that several auxin-responsive cis-elements are present in promoter regions of HMGR and LUS genes encoding two key enzymes involved in lupeol production. Furthermore, auxin treatments apparently induced the expression levels of RcHMGR and RcLUS. Furthermore, we observed that auxin treatment significantly increased lupeol contents, whereas inhibiting auxin transport led to an opposite phenotype. Our study reveals some relationships between hormone activity and lupeol synthesis and might provide a promising way for improving lupeol yields in castor.

scholarly journals A Transcriptomic Approach to the Metabolism of Tetrapyrrolic Photosensitizers in a Marine Annelid

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3924
Author(s):  
Maria Leonor Santos ◽  
Mariaelena D’Ambrosio ◽  
Ana P. Rodrigo ◽  
A. Jorge Parola ◽  
Pedro M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Green Coloration

The past decade has seen growing interest in marine natural pigments for biotechnological applications. One of the most abundant classes of biological pigments is the tetrapyrroles, which are prized targets due their photodynamic properties; porphyrins are the best known examples of this group. Many animal porphyrinoids and other tetrapyrroles are produced through heme metabolic pathways, the best known of which are the bile pigments biliverdin and bilirubin. Eulalia is a marine Polychaeta characterized by its bright green coloration resulting from a remarkably wide range of greenish and yellowish tetrapyrroles, some of which have promising photodynamic properties. The present study combined metabolomics based on HPLC-DAD with RNA-seq transcriptomics to investigate the molecular pathways of porphyrinoid metabolism by comparing the worm’s proboscis and epidermis, which display distinct pigmentation patterns. The results showed that pigments are endogenous and seemingly heme-derived. The worm possesses homologs in both organs for genes encoding enzymes involved in heme metabolism such as ALAD, FECH, UROS, and PPOX. However, the findings also indicate that variants of the canonical enzymes of the heme biosynthesis pathway can be species- and organ-specific. These differences between molecular networks contribute to explain not only the differential pigmentation patterns between organs, but also the worm’s variety of novel endogenous tetrapyrrolic compounds.

scholarly journals EPR study of thylakoid membrane dynamics in mutants of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kłodawska ◽  
Przemysław Malec ◽  
Mihály Kis ◽  
Zoltán Gombos ◽  
Kazimierz Strzałka
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Splitting Parameter ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

EPR spectroscopy using 5-doxylstearic acid (5-SASL) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-SASL) spin probes was used to study the fluidity of thylakoid membranes. These were isolated from wild type Synechocystis and from several mutants in genes encoding selected enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and/or acyl-lipid desaturases. Cyanobacteria were cultivated at 25°C and 35°C under different light regimes: photoautotrophically (PAG) and/or in light-activated heterotrophic conditions (LAHG). The relative fluidity of membranes was estimated from EPR spectra based on the empirical outermost splitting parameter in a temperature range from 15°C to 40°C. Our findings demonstrate that in native thylakoid membranes the elimination of xanthophylls decreased fluidity in the inner membrane region under optimal growth conditions (25°C) and increased it under sublethal heat stress (35°C). This indicated that the overall fluidity of native photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria may be influenced by the ratio of polar to non-polar carotenoid pools under different environmental conditions.

Solvent extraction and its effect on phytochemical yield and antioxidant capacity of woody medicinal plant, Polyalthia bullata

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9555-9568
Author(s):  
Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman ◽  
Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme ◽  
Siti Nurhafizah Ramli ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Polyalthia bullata is a woody medicinal plant that contains antioxidant compounds. Finding a suitable solvent is important to obtain a high yield of antioxidants in the phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid families. In this study, from different solvent extracts, the leaf methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total terpenoid content (TTC), and total antioxidant activity. For woody parts of stem and roots, methanol was the best solvent for all phytochemicals except for phenolics, which accumulated in the roots and were extracted more efficiently using ethanol. However, the methanolic extracts from both tissues displayed the best antioxidant capacity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling data showed the presence of antioxidant compounds such as thymol, phytol, and neophytadiene in the leaf; trans-farnesol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-Octadecenamide in the stem; and fatty acid (cis-vaccenic) and its methyl ester (11-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and [1,1’-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2’-hexyl-methyl ester) in the roots. These findings reveal important compounds that are present in different plant parts of P. bullata.

scholarly journals Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A Natural Source for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kabra ◽  
Natália Martins ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Ruchika Kabra ◽  
Uttam Singh Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Myrica Esculenta

Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) is a popular medicinal plant most commonly found in the sub-tropical Himalayas. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, inflammation, anemia, fever, diarrhea, and ear, nose, and throat disorders. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects, it is well recognized in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia. However, the recent upsurge in M. esculenta use and demand has led to illicit harvesting by the horticultural trade and habitat loss, pushing the plant to the brink of extinction. Thus, the present review aims to provide updated information on M. esculenta botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicity, and conservation methods, as well as also highlight prospective for future research. Particular emphasis is also given to its antioxidant potential in health promotion. In-depth literature was probed by searching several sources via online databases, texts, websites, and thesis. About 57 compounds were isolated and identified from M. esculenta, and the available reports on physicochemical parameters, nutritional and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of bioactive plant parts are portrayed in a comparative manner. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications, such as micropropagation, germplasm preservation, synthetic seed production, and hairy root technologies are also discussed. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to propose the mechanistic role of crude extracts and other bioactives, and even to explore the structure–function relationship of active components.

The rolB gene activates secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis calli via selective activation of genes encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor P. Bulgakov ◽  
Galina N. Veremeichik ◽  
Valeria P. Grigorchuk ◽  
Viacheslav G. Rybin ◽  
Yuri N. Shkryl
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Rolb Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

scholarly journals Expression profiles of four BES1/BZR1 homologous genes encoding bHLH transcription factors in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Yui Otani ◽  
Yusuke Tomonaga ◽  
Kenya Tokushige ◽  
Miyu Kamimura ◽  
Azusa Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

scholarly journals Susceptibility Factors in Chronic Lung Inflammatory Responses to Engineered Nanomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7310
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. You ◽  
James C. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Increasing Demand

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are products of the emerging nanotechnology industry and many different types of ENMs have been shown to cause chronic inflammation in the lungs of rodents after inhalation exposure, suggesting a risk to human health. Due to the increasing demand and use of ENMs in a variety of products, a careful evaluation of the risks to human health is urgently needed. An assessment of the immunotoxicity of ENMs should consider susceptibility factors including sex, pre-existing diseases, deficiency of specific genes encoding proteins involved in the innate or adaptive immune response, and co-exposures to other chemicals. This review will address evidence from experimental animal models that highlights some important issues of susceptibility to chronic lung inflammation and systemic immune dysfunction after pulmonary exposure to ENMs.

Natural Antioxidants in Hevea Latex

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. A. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Action ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Abstract An elaborate investigation on the identity and usefulness of the antioxidants naturally occurring in Hevea latex is of value because there is an increasing demand for special types of rubber with low nitrogen and ash contents, less water absorption, better electrical properties, and less odor than common crepe, and because these rubbers are generally unstable in comparison with the usual grades of rubber crepe and sheet. for the purpose of the investigation, fresh latex was separated into main-fractions, the most important of which have been called water-solubles and ether-solubles. These were further separated into various subfractions, which, one by one, have been tested for their antioxidant activity on raw rubber. In the following table only those fractions which show an outstanding antioxidant action are recorded. It is shown further that the amino acids are most remarkable in their antioxidant action : minute quantities exert a strong retarding action on the oxidation of raw rubber. Choline and cephaline are most probably the active components of the second water layer. The active ether-soluble fractions could not be identified due to the small quantities separated.

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