scholarly journals Spontaneous poisoning by Cestrum intermedium in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila B. Pohl ◽  
Márcia E. Hammerschmitt ◽  
Franciéli A. Molossi ◽  
Marina P. Lorenzett ◽  
Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Liver Fragments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cut Surface

ABSTRACT: Acute hepatotoxicity caused by plants poisoning is responsible for economic losses in farm animals in Brazil. Reports of Cestrum intermedium natural poisoning in cattle are not commonly described in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This study aimed to document an outbreak of spontaneous C. intermedium poisoning in dairy cattle in the Central-Eastern Mesoregion of RS. Three nine-month-old Holstein and Jersey heifers were affected after they were placed in a small paddock with shortage forage. In this area, specimens of C. intermedium Sendtn with signs of consumption were observed. Morbidity and lethality rates were 100% and clinical courses ranged from 9 to 12 hours. At post mortem examination of the three heifers, there was predominance of acute liver lesions. The liver was moderately enlarged and on the cut surface there was a marked accentuation of the lobular pattern and hemorrhage. Inside the rumen, partially digested C. intermedium Sendtn leaves were observed. The histological aspects of the liver were mostly centrilobular coagulative necrosis and hemorrhage, frequently extended to the midzonal region. The immunohistochemistry technique was performed, in which the polyclonal antibody caspase 3 was used in liver fragments. Moderate to marked immunolabeling was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of hepatocytes, predominantly on the periphery of areas of hepatic necrosis indicating cell apoptosis. The diagnosis of C. intermedium Sendtn poisoning in dairy cattle in this study was based on epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings. Since the C. intermedium poisoning is uncommon in dairy cattle, we are describing it for the first time in the Central-Eastern Mesoregion of RS, and represents a differential diagnosis of other acute toxic liver diseases in cattle.

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in dairy cattle in Ipameri, state of Goiás, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Rocha de Almeida Paim ◽  
Andreia Zago Ciuffa ◽  
Dayane Olímpia Gomes ◽  
Laís Miguel Rezende ◽  
Danilo Mundim Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Leptospirosis is a disease with worldwide distribution and with risk to human health. In addition, it affects farm animals, and consequently, causes economic losses to farmers. Therefore, understanding the epidemiological profile of the disease in each geographical region is essential. This study was conducted in the rural properties of the municipality of Ipameri, state of Goiás, Brazil, where leptospirosis has not been reported in dairy farming. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in dairy cattle, identify the serovars present, and correlate these results with factors that could favor the appearance of the disease. For this purpose, 285 blood samples were collected from dairy cows and microscopic agglutination tests were conducted to identify the 15 serovars of Leptospira interrogans. A structured questionnaire was applied during the visits to the properties to assess the factors associated with leptospirosis. The prevalence was found to be 18.9%, and the serovars present in the region included Hardjo, Wolffi, Canicola, Hebdomadis, Australis, and Icterohaemorrhagiae. The variables associated with leptospirosis were the presence of reproductive changes in the herd, presence of rodents, increased daily production of milk, hired labor, and lower level of education of the producers.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Hyung-Woo Kang ◽  
Eun-Yong Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ki Lee ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Mlst Analysis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group 1

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen in horses. It affects horses worldwide and causes substantial economic losses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized EHV-1 isolates from South Korea at the molecular level. We then aimed to determine the genetic divergences of these isolates by comparing them to sequences in databases. In total, 338 horse samples were collected, and 12 EHV-1 were isolated. We performed ORF30, ORF33, ORF68, and ORF34 genetic analysis and carried out multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 12 isolated EHV-1. All isolated viruses were confirmed as non-neuropathogenic type, showing N752 of ORF30 and highly conserved ORF33 (99.7–100%). Isolates were unclassified using ORF68 analysis because of a 118 bp deletion in nucleotide sequence 701–818. Seven EHV-1 isolates (16Q4, 19R166-1, 19R166-6, 19/10/15-2, 19/10/15-4, 19/10/18-2, 19/10/22-1) belonged to group 1, clade 10, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis. The remaining 5 EHV-1 isolates (15Q25-1, 15D59, 16Q5, 16Q40, 18D99) belonged to group 7, clade 6, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis.

Antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 in mast cells is dependent on its association with heat shock protein 90β

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cellina Cohen-Saidon ◽  
Irit Carmi ◽  
Avishai Keren ◽  
Ehud Razin
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Caspase 7 ◽  
Antiapoptotic Activity ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
First Time

In the present study, we demonstrated that the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2 in mast cells is significantly dependent on its association with the heat shock protein 90β (Hsp90β). Dissociation of these 2 proteins inhibits the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 by initiating the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol and increasing the activity of caspase 3 and caspase 7, resulting in mast-cell apoptosis. The antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 was greatly affected by knocking-out specifically Hsp90β using the RNA interference approach. Thus, for the first time, it has been shown that Hsp90β might modulate the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 at least in mast cells. These findings could have implications for a novel strategy of regulating apoptosis in patients with mastocytosis and other mast cell–associated diseases.

scholarly journals Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Bruno R. Simonetti ◽  
Danielle C. Abreu ◽  
José P. Simonetti ◽  
Sandra R. Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals Inclusion Complex of Zerumbone with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Induces Apoptosis in Liver Hepatocellular HepG2 Cells via Caspase 8/BID Cleavage Switch and Modulating Bcl2/Bax Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Muhammad Nadzri ◽  
Ahmad Bustamam Abdul ◽  
Mohd Aspollah Sukari ◽  
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ◽  
Eltayeb E. M. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
First Time

Zerumbone (ZER) isolated fromZingiber zerumbetwas previously encapsulated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to enhance ZER’s solubility in water, thus making it highly tolerable in the human body. The anticancer effects of this new ZER-HPβCD inclusion complex via apoptosis cell death were assessed in this study for the first time in liver hepatocellular cells, HepG2. Apoptosis was ascertained by morphological study, nuclear stain, and sub-G1 cell population accumulation with G2/M arrest. Further investigations showed the release of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, proving mitochondrial dysfunction upon the ZER-HPβCD treatment as well as modulating proapoptotic and anti-apototic Bcl-2 family members. A significant increase in caspase 3/7, caspase 9, and caspase 8 was detected with the depletion of BID cleaved by caspase 8. Collectively, these results prove that a highly soluble inclusion complex of ZER-HPβCD could be a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat: Iraq/ Sulaimania

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Lazem H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82 (57 %) , and 21 (54.6 %) and 25 (54.35 %) in goats ,by ELISA and LAT respectively. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest in age group 7-9 (66.6%) in sheep in compares’ with other age groups. There was no significant differences between both spp.and tow test. Conclusion: Statistical results show no significant differences between both tests (ELISA &LAT) at (P ≥ 0.05).The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was increased proportionally with the age of animals, while gender has no effect on the prevalent rate .

scholarly journals Characterization of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Isolated from Rabbits in Fujian, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Bordetella bronchiseptica can infect many animal species, and is a potential zoonotic pathogen that can also infect humans. In rabbits, infection of B. bronchiseptica is associated with respiratory disease, which causes economic losses to the rabbit farming. Fujian Province is a traditional importance rabbit farming area in China. However, no literature about the epidemiology and characteristics of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province has been reported.Results A total of 219 B. bronchiseptica isolates were recovered from the 833 lung samples of dead rabbits with respiratory disease. The 219 isolates were typed into 11 sequence types (STs) including 5 known STs (ST6, ST10, ST12, ST14 and ST33) and 6 new STs (ST88, ST89, ST90, ST91, ST92 and ST93) by using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Surprisingly, all the 219 isolates carried the 5 virulence genes of fhaB, prn, cyaA, dnt and bteA in the PCR screening. Moreover, the isolates resistance to cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefatriaxone and ampicillin were detected, and the resistance rates to the 4 kinds of drug were 33.33, 31.05, 11.87 and 3.20%, respectively.Conclusions In the present study, we showed for the first time that B. bronchiseptica is widespread in rabbits in Fujian Province, and that B. bronchiseptica is an important pathogen associating with respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province. Moreover, it should be alert to the potential occurrence of transmission events between rabbits and humans because the B. bronchiseptica strain of ST12 that can infect humans were also isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province.

scholarly journals Disability status due to occupational diseases: Ukraine, 2015-2918

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
I.S. Borуsova
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Work Injury ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Disability Rate ◽  
Primary Disability ◽  
Developed World ◽  
First Time

The economic burden of disability due to occupational diseases is significant: the economic losses "due to health problems related to work" in the developed world exceed 1,25 trillion US dollars and amount to 4 to 6% of GDP. A large number of employees work in Ukraine in unfavorable conditions. The study analyzes the dynamics of disability due to occupational diseases in Ukraine for the period from 2015 to 2018 using the example of Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions. The results of the study proved that the indicators of disability due to occupational diseases in these areas have a pronounced upward trend. It has been determined that the number of injured or aggrieved persons who received occupational diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and Donetsk regions is 78.5% of the total number of those in Ukraine with occupational diseases. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to occupational diseases increased in 2015-2018, increased in these areas and amounted in absolute numbers: in the Dnipropetrovsk region –  906 people (2018) against 705 people (2016); in the Lviv region – 273 people against 239 people, respectively; in Donetsk region – 193 people against 108 people, respectively. Primary disability rate for 2015-2018 period increased by 28.5% in Dnepropetrovsk to almost 50% in Donetsk region. The proportion of those who were initially recognized as disabled due to work injury in the Dnipropetrovsk region was 159 people (2018) against 123 people (2016); in the Lviv region: 42 people against 11 people, respectively; in the Donetsk region: 28 people against 11 people, respectively. The rate of primary disability due to work injury also increased by 29.2% in the Dnipropetrovsk region and by 53% in the Donetsk region. The number of persons with disabilities recognized for the first time depended on age and length of service in hazardous conditions. Persons with 10-19 years of work experience in 2015-2018 accounted for 89.2%. According to our data, 50.1% of workers aged 40 to 49 years are recognized as persons with disabilities, 40% – from 50 to 59 years of age. It is important that in 2018 in 5% of cases, an occupational disease caused disability among workers at the age of 39. In 2018 (as in 2016 and in 2017) in Ukraine, the main conditions that resulted in occupational diseases were: imperfection of mechanisms and working tools – 23.9%; the imperfection of the technological process - 19.5% and the ineffectiveness of the personal protective equipment – 13.5% of their total number. In the structure of disability due to occupational diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system occupied the 1st place; 2nd place – respiratory diseases; 3rd place – injuries and poisoning.

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