Suitability of the tetrazolium test methodology for recently harvested and stored coffee seeds

Germination of coffee seeds occurs in a slow and non-uniform manner and the tetrazolium test (TZ) may be a quick alternative for assessment of viability, as long as the preparation and imbibition of the seeds is established. This study was performed in two stages: in the first, recently harvested seeds from three coffee cultivars were submitted to four methodologies for removal of the parchment: manual extraction or use of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO at 5%) and two periods of imbibition of the seeds in water (36 and 48 hours) for removal of the embryos. In the second phase, manual removal and the use of NaClO were compared for elimination of the parchment of stored seeds for monthly performance of the tetrazolium test for six months. Sodium hypochlorite is not efficient in total extraction of the parchment and has a negative effect on the results of the TZ test on low moisture coffee seeds. An imbibition time of 48 hours facilitates extraction of embryos and does not affect test results. The tetrazolium test on coffee seeds with different moisture and deterioration levels must be undertaken with manual removal of the parchments.

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Pengaruh Penambahan Sukrosa pada Manisan Kulit Semangka

Gorontalo Agriculture Technology Journal ◽

10.32662/gatj.v1i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Sri Wahyuni Ntau

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Data Processing ◽

Water Content ◽

Economic Value ◽

Second Phase ◽

Test Results ◽

Know How ◽

Engineering Data ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Two Stages

Skin watermelon is a waste of fruit watermelon that pemanfaatanya as food still low. this study aims to know how to take advantage of the skin watermelon be sweets and find out the influence the addition of sucrose in candied skin watermelon. benefits of this study can optimize waste skin watermelon in order to have the economic value of a high. this study using the method consists of two stages of the first stage of immersion skin watermelon by using the calcium hydroxide, the second phase of boiling skin watermelon using sucrose. engineering data processing using the design of randomized complete (RAL), which consists of three treatment and three replicates. Of the test results organoleptic treatment is best treatment A1 with water content 44,4%, sugar levels 10,27% and vitamin C is 2,41%.Keywords : sucrose, watermelon, skin watermelon

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EVALUATION OF VIABILITY OF Tabebuia aurea SEEDS THROUGH TETRAZOLIUM TEST

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n414rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 993-999

Author(s):

WASHINGTON APARECIDO DA LUZ BRITO ◽

KLEANE TARGINO OLIVEIRA PEREIRA ◽

NARJARA WALESSA NOGUEIRA ◽

SALVADOR BARROS TORRES ◽

EMANOELA PEREIRA DE PAIVA

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Reliable Information ◽

Test Results ◽

Germination Test ◽

Test Taking ◽

Test Methodology ◽

Tetrazolium Test

ABSTRACT The viability of T. aurea seeds is evaluated through the germination test, taking 21 days, which makes it difficult to obtain quick information about the viability of its seeds. In this context, using the tetrazolium test as an evaluation method would be appropriate because it provides faster and more reliable information for several species. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to adapt the tetrazolium test methodology to evaluate the viability of T. aurea seeds. Initially, the imbibition curve was constructed to determine the appropriate hydration period for the seeds and the germination test was conducted, both for evaluating the initial quality and for comparison with the tetrazolium test results. For the tetrazolium test, the seeds were hydrated for 24 hours, then their coats were removed and the seeds were immersed in tetrazolium solutions. The concentrations used were 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% for three staining periods 2, 4 and 6 hours, at 35 and 40 °C, in the absence of light. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme (three concentrations of tetrazolium solution x three staining periods + one control = germination test) with four replicates of 25 seeds. Tetrazolium test was adequate to evaluate the viability of T. aurea seeds using the concentration of 0.05% for four hours at 40 °C.

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Tetrazolium test for viability estimation of Eugenia involucrata DC. and Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v36n3991 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernanda Bernardo Cripa ◽

Laura Cristiane Nascimento de Freitas ◽

Andrieli Cristine Grings ◽

Michele Fernanda Bortolini

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Preparation Method ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Test Results ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Test Methodology ◽

Time Periods ◽

Tetrazolium Test

The study aimed to adapt the tetrazolium test methodology to assess the viability of seed of Eugenia involucrata DC. (cherry) and E. pyriformis Cambess. (uvaia) freshly harvested and stored. Three lots of seeds of both species were used, being I (freshly harvested), II (stored for 15 days) and III (stored for 30 days). Seeds (lot I) of both species were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours and submitted to four preparation methods: whole seeds without seed coat and with ¾ of seed coat; longitudinally cut with and without seed coat (immersed in 0.1% tetrazolium for 4 hours). The most suitable preparation method was applied to the remaining lots, where three tetrazolium concentrations were tested: 0.075, 0.1 and 0.5% and three immersion time periods: 2, 4 and 6 hours. The tetrazolium test results were compared to the germination results. For the conduction of the tetrazolium test in seeds of both species we recommend soaking in distilled water by 24 hours and cut lengthwise on seeds with the seed coat. For cherry, the seeds should be immersed in 0.5% tetrazolium solution for 2 hours. For uvaia seeds, additional studies are recommended.

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PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAN DESA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

10.31219/osf.io/sqm5k ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mafral

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Employee Performance ◽

High Reliability ◽

Test Results ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Validity Test ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Independent Variable

The independent independent variables in this study as many as 89 respondents are determined by using saturated samples. To know the influence of independent variable to dependent variable partially, used t test. While to know the effect of independent variable to dependent variable simultaneously, used F test. The assumption used in the validity test is if R-count> R-table item is declared valid. The R-arithmetic shown in the table above, from each item indicates that R-arithmetic> R- table so the item is declared valid. Based on the validity test of the instrument of Leadership Style, Work Motivation, and Competence on Employee Performance, all items are declared valid and reliability test results indicate that the instrument has high reliability. This means that the eligibility criteria of the Instrument of Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Competency and Employee Performance have met the criteria of good instrument requirements, that is valid and reliable. The result of regression analysis of Leadership Style obtained by tcount = 20,91 while ttable value = 1,988 tcount> ttable proved variable of Leadership Style influence to Employee Performance. Work Motivation regression analysis obtained tcount = 17.62 while the value ttable = 1.988 tcount> ttabel proven Motivational Work variables influence on Employee Performance. Regression analysis Competence obtained value tcount = - 06.85 while ttable =1.988 so thitung> ttable and proven variable Competence have a negative effect on Employee Performance.

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Adolescent smoking behavior and communication with parents: Depression as a mediator and gender as a moderator

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xieping Chen ◽

Qian Xie ◽

Yuting Yang

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescent Smoking ◽

Junior High Schools ◽

Test Results ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Communication Scale

Parent–adolescent communication is assumed to be an important factor affecting adolescent smoking behavior. However, the inner mechanism accounting for this association has still not been clarified in research. Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between parent–adolescent communication, adolescent smoking behavior, and depression, as well as gender differences in the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Participants were 1,134 students at 6 junior high schools in China who completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Smoking Behavior Test. Results showed that parent-adolescent communication had a significant negative effect on adolescent smoking behavior and depression partially mediated the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Overall, these findings may help to promote better understanding of the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior.

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Oxidation of Citalopram with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine Dioxide: Influencing Factors and NDMA Formation Kinetics

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24173065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3065

Author(s):

Juan Lv ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Na Li

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Ph Value ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Water Matrix ◽

Formation Kinetics ◽

Operational Variables ◽

Two Stages

The highly prescribed antidepressant, citalopram, as one of newly emerging pollutants, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Citalopram oxidation was examined during sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chlorination processes since conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove citalopram effectively. Citalopram has been demonstrated to form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorination in our previous study. Further investigation on NDMA formation kinetics was conducted in the present study. Influences of operational variables (disinfectant dose, pH value) and water matrix on citalopram degradation, as well as NDMA generation, were evaluated. The results indicated high reactivity of citalopram with NaOCl and ClO2. NDMA formation included two stages during CIT oxidation, which were linear related with reaction time. NaOCl was more beneficial to remove CIT, but it caused more NDMA formation. Increasing disinfectant dosage promoted citalopram removal and NDMA formation. However, no consistent correlation was found between citalopram removal and pH. Contrary to the situation of citalopram removal, NDMA generation was enhanced when citalopram was present in actual water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. DMA, as an intermediate of citalopram chlorination, contributed to NDMA formation, but not the only way.

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In-Situ Study of Ti/TiN Stability under Nitrogen Anneal

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-564-465 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 564 ◽

Author(s):

P. W. DeHaven ◽

K. P. Rodbell ◽

L. Gignac

Keyword(s):

Annealing Temperature ◽

Time Range ◽

Second Phase ◽

Transformation Rate ◽

Transformation Mechanism ◽

Second Stage ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reaction Proceeds ◽

Two Stages

AbstractThe effectiveness of a TiN capping layer to prevent the conversion of α-titantium to titanium nitride when annealed in a nitrogen ambient has been studied over the temperature range 300–700°C using in-situ high temperature diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Over the time range of interest (four hours), no evidence of Ti reaction was observed at 300°C. At 450°C. nitrogen was found to diffuse into the Ti to form a Ti(N) solid solution. Above 500°C the titanium is transformed to a second phase: however this reaction follows two different kinetic paths, depending on the annealing temperature. Below 600°C. the reaction proceeds in two stages, with the first stage consisting of Ti(N) formation, and the second stage consisting of the conversion of the Ti(N) with a transformation mechanism characteristic of short range diffusion (grain edge nucleation). Above 600°C, a simple linear transformation rate is observed.

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Enhanced aging kinetics in Al-Mg-Si alloys by up-quenching

Communications Materials ◽

10.1038/s43246-021-00164-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Florian Schmid ◽

Philip Dumitraschkewitz ◽

Thomas Kremmer ◽

Peter J. Uggowitzer ◽

Ramona Tosone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Cluster Formation ◽

High Strength ◽

Second Phase ◽

Second Phase Particles ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Elongation ◽

Aging Kinetics ◽

Complex Parts

AbstractPrecipitation-hardened aluminium alloys typically obtain their strength by forming second-phase particles, which, however, often have a negative effect on formability. To enable both lightweight construction and forming of complex parts such as body panels, high strength and formability are required simultaneously. Cluster hardening is a promising approach to achieve this. Here, we show that short thermal spikes, denoted as up-quenching, increase aging kinetics, which we attribute to the repeated process of vacancies being formed at high temperatures and retained when cooled to lower temperatures. Combined with further heat treatment, the up-quenching process promotes rapid and extensive cluster formation in Al-Mg-Si alloys, which in turn generates significant strengthening at industrially relevant heat treatment time scales. The high elongation values also observed are attributed to reduced solute depleted zones along grain boundaries.

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Proses Pembuatan Hidrolisat Protein Ikan Rucah

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.13.3.256-261 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Dyah Koesoemawardani ◽

Fibra Nurainy ◽

Sri Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Soluble Protein ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Test Results ◽

Fish Protein ◽

Protein Hydrolyzate ◽

Second Stage ◽

Trash Fish ◽

Two Stages ◽

Fish Protein Hydrolysates

This study aimed to find optimum manufacturing trash fish protein hydrolyzate using the commercial papainenzyme. It is known that fish protein hydrolysates have good functional properties, so it is more widely utilized,especially for food. The study was conducted in two stages, the first stage was to make trash fish protein hydrolyzatetreated with enzyme concentration of 3%, 5%, 7% (w/w), and pH 5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7, whereas second stage was to maketrash fish protein hydrolyzate with same from the first stage and so the best treatment followed by treatment ofhalf-hour long incubation and one hour. Parameters observed were soluble protein, foamability, fat binding capacityand emulsion stability. The treatment was repeated three times and the first phase of data analysis using advancedtesting LSD and the second stage using the T test. Results show that the best soluble protein to produce a trashfish protein hydrolyzate enzyme was at a concentration of 5% and pH = 6.5 that was equal to 19.71%. In half an hourincubation produce higher soluble protein values and foamability that were equal to 24.97% and 9.63%, while thebinding capacity of fat in one hour incubation produces a higher value that was equal to 5.03%. Meanwhile, emulsionstability did not differ significantly at both incubation time.

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RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 1970-S – EARLY XXI CENTURY ON THE IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF RUSSIA IN 1971 – 1991

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University ◽

10.21603/2078-8975-2017-2-50-57 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

M. V. Kazmina ◽

V. N. Kazmin

Keyword(s):

Historical Research ◽

Political Life ◽

Ideological And Political Education ◽

Political Education ◽

Second Phase ◽

Main Attention ◽

Protest Movement ◽

Soviet State ◽

Two Stages ◽

Scientific Base

The article considers the main stages of the historiography of the ideological and political life of Russia in 1971 – 1991, the authors distinguish two stages of the historiography problems: 1971 – late 1980s - the beginning of 1990s; end 1980s - the beginning of 1990s - beginning of XXI century. The first stage is characterized by methodological monism. The main attention of researchers was paid to the problems of propaganda of Marxist-Leninist ideology, ideological and political education of Soviet citizens. The second phase of historiography was methodological revolution when there a critical re-evaluation of the historical way the Soviet State had passed took place. The main focus of historical research during Perestroika was on such problems as: dissidence, protest movement, the activities of informal organizations. The article analyzes the historiography of dissidence and concludes that researchers created a scientific base that can serve as a basis for further study of this topic.

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