scholarly journals REWIEV ON THE BOOK “TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY. A PHILOSOPHICAL EXPLORATION” BY ANNA STILZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Nikita Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Current System ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Territorial States

The review is devoted to the book by the professor of political science at Princeton University Anna Stilz “Territorial Sovereignty. A Philosophical Exploration” (2019). The main issues of the researcher's work are territoriality, sovereignty, and the system of territorial states. The author proposes a revision of this system from a philosophical point of view. Professor Stilz defends the concept of a state's territorial sovereignty against contemporary criticism. Her position is based on arguments of both cosmopolitanism and liberal nationalism. The researcher recognizes principles of open borders, aid to refugee, global cooperation and criticizes the nationalist interpretation of state sovereignty. However, unlike the view of the cosmopolitan school, A. Stilz believes that the implementation of these liberal principles is possible within the system of territorial states. Moreover, defending state sovereignty, the professor uses ideas of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, Kant's doctrines about the interaction between the individual and the state, and about state sovereignty. The main contribution of this work to the body of political science is three core values: occupancy right, basic justice, and collective self-determination. According to Anna Stilz, three core values can modify the current system of territorial states in accordance with new global challenges.

Territorial Sovereignty

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stilz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
International System ◽  
Core Values ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Territorial States

This book offers a qualified defense of a territorial states system. It argues that three core values—occupancy, basic justice, and collective self-determination—are served by an international system made up of self-governing, spatially defined political units. The defense is qualified because the book does not actually justify all of the sovereignty rights states currently claim and that are recognized in international law. Instead, the book proposes important changes to states’ sovereign prerogatives, particularly with respect to internal autonomy for political minorities, immigration, and natural resources. Part I of the book argues for a right of occupancy, holding that a legitimate function of the international system is to specify and protect people’s preinstitutional claims to specific geographical places. Part II turns to the question of how a state might acquire legitimate jurisdiction over a population of occupants. It argues that the state will have a right to rule a population and its territory if it satisfies conditions of basic justice and facilitates its people’s collective self-determination. Finally, Parts III and IV of this book argue that the exclusionary sovereignty rights to control over borders and natural resources that can plausibly be justified on the basis of the three core values are more limited than has traditionally been thought.

scholarly journals Artrose i Norge

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen ◽  
Margreth Grotle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
The Individual

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex process affecting many different joint areas in the body. The joints most commonly affected are the knees, hips, and hands. From a patho-physiological point of view, some features are crucial for the diagnosis, such as cartilage fibrillation and thinning, subchondral sclerosis and the presence of osteophytes. The currently most widely used definitions of OA include pathogenetic features (mechanical and biological events), morphologic features (changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone) as well as clinical features (joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus and occasionally inflammation/effusion).<br />The features that until now have been used for diagnosis and classification are based on radiographic and/or clinical descriptions. From a clinical perspective, OA is the most prevalent rheumatic joint disorder, causing pain and stiffness of the joints and for the individual impaired function and health status. For epidemiological descriptions of prevalence and incidence of OA, radiographic criteria are the most reliable and commonly used. Definitions of radiographic OA include descriptions of cartilage thinning (such as joint space narrowing), subchondral bone involvement (sclerosis) and/or the presence and grading of osteophytes. Although there are geographical variations in the occurrence of OA of different joint areas, OA is seen in all populations studied. The prevalence and incidence estimates show a vide variation, however. Still the epidemiological studies of OA are hampered by a number of factors including different definitions of the disorder, different subsets of disease, and low degree of correlation between different definitions (radiographic vs clinical). Several highly suggested risk factors have been identified for knee OA. Several of these may be important targets for intervention or prevention, such as physical activity, body mass index, nutritional constituents and quadriceps strength. There is a need for prospective studies evaluating risk factors in hip and hand OA. Although there are problems in studying OA epidemiologically, the available data have shown that OA is an extremely common and disabling disorder. Through a further development of both epidemiological and other methods of OA research, this area can continue to be exciting and rapidly developing.

scholarly journals Body, Possibility and Biographical Interpretation

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Anabela Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Individual Interaction ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Perspective

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how body-representations offer an opportunity for its visual interpretation from a biographical point of view, enhancing, on the one hand, the image’s own narrative dynamics, and, on the other, the role of the body as a place of incorporation of experiences, as well as, a vehicle mediating the individual interaction with the world. Perspective founded in the works of the artists Helena Almeida and Jorge Molder, who use self-representation as an expression of these incorporated (lived) experiences, constitutes an important discursive construction and structuring of their narrative identity through visual creation, the artists enable the other with moments of sharing knowledge, creativity and subjectivity, contributing also to the construction of the contemporary, cultural and social imagery.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutico - Analytical study of Durvadya Taila and its conversion into cream

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Baban Rathod ◽  
Gangaprasad Asore ◽  
Sujata Haribhau Sankpal
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oil Type

Durvadya Taila is medicated oil used in Ayurveda for Kacchu, Vicharchika and Pama (types of Skin diseases) which is caused by vitiated Kapha or Pitta Dosha. Durva is one of the classical drugs of herbal origin, for the management of different disease conditions. The aim of the present study is to do physico-chemical standards for above Durvadya Taila and its conversion into Durvadya Taila Cream. These two formulations have a special importance from pharmaceutical point of view when compared to usual Taila or cream. In present article, we are trying to study analytical results of Durvadya Taila w.s.r. to Durvadya Taila cream. The skin constitutes a major part of the body and serves as a dividing line between the individual and his environment. In the Ayurvedic classics, Bahir Parimarjana means, the medicine intended for external use only. For that purpose, in Ayurveda different forms of external applications are described for the convenience of treatment of different diseases. They are Lepa, Udvartana, Upanaha, Abhyanga, Malahara etc. Without defining creams under Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana, we can correlate Cream preparation with Lepa or Malahara Kalpana. Creams are those emulsions, which are either oil in-water or water-in-oil type. Durvadya Taila is medicated oil used in Ayurveda for Kacchu, Vicharchika and Pama which comes under Kushtha Rogadhikar.

Cross-education. (Studies from the Yale Psych. Lab., 1900.) Davis, Walter G.

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (200) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
Havelock Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Cross Education ◽  
Mental Reaction ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Mental Factor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hand Length

In continuing his investigations into this subject, Davis has confirmed his earlier result as to the marked influence of exercise on one side or the body in increasing power on the unexercised side, while bringing out many new results in matters or detail. The experiments were made with the dynamometer and the ergograph. The influence of the factors of length of hand, length of fore-arm, previous muscular development, and temperament are taken into account, and the sexual differences also noted. As regards temperament, Davis finds it most convenient, from this point of view, to recognise three temperaments: the nervous, the motor, and the phlegmatic. The influence of this factor of type is found to be very important. Persons of the nervous type tend to be quick in muscular and mental reaction, short as regards height, and light in weight. Persons of the phlegmatic temperament are found to be slow in muscular and mental reaction, tall as regards height, and heavy in weight. Persons of the motor type are in all respects medium. There are, of course, many cases of mixed type. On the whole, however, they require different degrees of exercise to produce the full effects of cross-education, the phlegmatic, as a rule, considerably more than the motor. Exercise that is too slight, or too severe and fatiguing for the individual, will fail to produce proper development. “If the work is just right in intensity and amount the anabolism provoked is greater than the katabolism, and there is development of the part used. An almost endless variation of conditions would be necessary to make the adjustment of exercise suitable to all individuals. Exercise must be prescribed per order just as a dress must be fitted to the individual.’’ Davis emphasises the conclusion to which his experiments point: that the mental factor is of much more importance than the muscular factor. Cross-education is mainly a matter of nervous centres and nervous channels. These researches are of considerable interest, both theoretical and practical.

scholarly journals APGLĖBIANTIS MĄSTYMO BŪDAS

Problemos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Daujotytė-Pakerienė
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
General Mode ◽  
The Individual

Straipsnyje, remiantis moksline ir menine medžiaga, aptariama humanistikos metodų problema. Keliama mintis, kad vaisingiausi metodai yra susiję su bendresniu mąstymu, su teorija. Jei metodas tik perimamas, jis virsta įrankiu, metodologijos dažnai, ypač disertacijose, tik imituojamos. Pasiremiama A. J. Greimo mintimi apie „apglėbiantį mąstymo būdą“. Trumpai aptariant pirmą kartą lietuviškai pasirodžiusias E. Husserlio „Karteziškąsias meditacijas“, ieškoma ir fenomenologinio tako humanistikoje, ypač literatūros moksle. Pabrėžiamas filosofijos ir literatūros ryšys. Keliama mintis, kad humanistikos metodologinės nuostatos turėtų labiau remtis pačia kūryba.Reikšminiai žodžiai: metodas, teorija, mąstymas, filosofija, poezija, fenomenologija. THE EMBRACING MODE OF THINKING Viktorija Daujotytė-Pakerienė Summary The author sets out to reconsider the problem of humanistic methods. It expresses the doubt as to the application of the methods which are detached from theories and a more general mode of thought. The title of the article is taken from the Lithuanian edition of the preface to “Semiotics” (1989) written by A. J. Greimas. The mode of thought, embracing the multifarious worlds of meaning, is considered as a humanistic universal, it is also perceived as a bridge of thought to prevailing phenomenology. The concept of embrace encompasses the dimension of the body and the full mental participation of the individual. A brief review of the first translation of Edmund Husserl’s “Cartesian Meditations” into Lithuanian by Tomas Sodeika (2005) are presented. Meditation is viewed as the common ground-substratum shared by philosophy and poetry. “Meditations” (1997) of Donaldas Kajokas are introduced. Algis Mickūnas and Arūnas Sverdiolas’s dialogues “The All-Embracing Present” (2004) are referred to as a personal testimony of the inner participation in the theories. The significance of A. Ðliogeris’s study “Thing and Art“ (1988), which discusses the creative work of P. Cezanne and R. M. Rilke, is reflected within the framework of the tradition of phenomenological thought; here the concept of theoretical point of view was first formulated in Lithuanian humanistics. The article suggests that in approaching the problems of method in humanistics, and especially in literary criticism, the participation of creation itself is very important, and particularly the experiences that open up in original texts (like in the writings of Marcel Proust, Jorge Luis Borges). It is important to reveal the equivalents, to reflect them, to extract the method from the texts. The article arrives at the conclusion that the recognition of the organizing inner text system is the essential principle of humanistic methodology, which is in close connection with the embracing mode of thought.Keywords: method, theory, thought, philosophy, poetry, phenomenology.

Metabolism in the Insane

1911 ◽  
Vol 57 (237) ◽  
pp. 327-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mackenzie Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Physiological Chemistry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
The Individual

The investigation of the problems of metabolism has now become almost exclusively the domain of the chemical physiologist. Much valuable information regarding the method of utilisation of the food-stuffs which enter the body has been ascertained by a study of the excretions. The physiological chemist has, however, passed beyond the boundaries connecting the income and output of these substances. He now seeks to trace the different transformations and combinations which take place in the body, and to connect up all the links of the chain. These changes are intimately bound up with the individual cells, and their metabolism. Unfortunately our knowledge of the cell is at present very limited, but it will be seen how important even this scanty information is to the subject under discussion. It becomes more and more evident every day that pathological changes in the tissues and cells of the body must be considered not only from a morphological point of view, but also from the purely metabolic standpoint. A disturbance in the metabolism of the cell may in time make itself evident, but it is quite conceivable that such changes are taking place without any definite anatomical signs. On the other hand, a morphological change may produce only a very slight derangement of cell metabolism, so slight as to escape recognition. The study, therefore, of pathology with physiological chemistry for its foundation, offers a wide field for further investigation. The object of the present communication is twofold, namely, to correlate the known facts with regard to metabolism in the insane, and to emphasise the importance of studying cellular metabolism in its relation to pathological disturbances.

scholarly journals A ATIVIDADE LÚDICA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIANÇA: contribuições de Elkonin para a Educação Física Escolar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Cíntia Regina de Fátima ◽  
Flávia Gonçalves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Body Culture ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Individual

LUDIC ACTIVITY IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT: Elkonin’s contributions to scholar physical educationLA ACTIVIDAD LÚDICA EN EL DESARROLLO DEL NIÑO: contribuciones de Elkonin para la educación física escolarAs atividades lúdicas, como conteúdo curricular da Educação Física, ao mesmo tempo em que propiciam momentos de lazer e recreação, também representam formas pedagógicas de promover o ensino, uma vez que fazem parte do conteúdo da cultura corporal. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as concepções de atividades lúdicas na perspectiva de Elkonin, compreender sua relação com os processos de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem e relaciona-las aos conteúdos da Educação Física escolar na educação infantil. Este estudo foi feito a partir da análise da principal obra de Elkonin – Psicologia do jogo – e dos objetivos da educação física na educação infantil colocados nos documentos oficiais do MEC e da concepção sobre a cultura corporal. A atividade lúdica, para Elkonin, é a representação de um papel e o uso de um objeto subentendendo outro. É por meio do jogo que a criança apreende a realidade e desenvolve as funções psíquicas, possibilitando sua ação consciente no mundo. Sob este ponto de vista apresenta-se a importância das atividades lúdicas no desenvolvimento da criança e algumas estratégias pedagógicas que visam facilitar o ensino da educação física. Conclui-se que há a necessidade do professor de educação física compreender o indivíduo em sua totalidade e, em função disso, ensinar a cultura corporal para além do aspecto motor, contribuindo, intencionalmente, para o desenvolvimento da criança. Torna-se assim oportuna a concepção do educar pelo movimento, superando as teorias que se limitam à compreensão de corpo versus mente, ainda recorrente na prática pedagógica do professor de educação física.Palavras-chave: Educação Física; Psicologia Histórico-Cultural; Ensino-Aprendizagem; Desenvolvimento.ABSTRACTThe ludic activities, as Physical Education curricular content, propitiate at the same time leisure and recreation moments and also represent pedagogical ways to promote learning, once it is part of the body culture content. Thereof, the purpose of this paper was to study the Ludic Activities conceptions in Elkonin’s perspectives, to comprehend its relation to learning and development processes and to relate these conceptions to scholar Physical Education contents in early childhood education. This study was done from the analysis of Elkonin’s main work – Psychology of play - from the physical education purposes in childhood education used in Brazilians’ educational official documents and from the body culture conception. To Elkonin, the ludic activity is the representation of a role and the use of one object being understood as other. It is through the game/play that child apprehends the reality and assimilates psyche functions, enabling its conscious action in world. In this way, it is learning that boosts development and not the opposite. Under this point of view it is shown the ludic activity importance in child development and some pedagogical strategies that look for facilitate the body culture contents teaching. We conclude that the physical education teacher must comprehend the individual in its totality and, because of this, teach physical education over and above motor aspects, contributing, intentionally, to child development. In this way it makes opportune the conception to educate through movement, overcoming the theories that are limited to the comprehension of body versus mind, still recurrent in the physical education teacher’s pedagogical practice. Keywords: Physical Education; Historical-cultural Psychology; Teaching-Learning; Development.RESUMENLas actividades lúdicas, como contenido curricular de la Educación Física, mientras ofrecen momentos de recreación también representan formas pedagógicas de fomentar la enseñanza, ya que hacen parte del contenido de la cultura corporal. A partir de eso, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las concepciones de actividades lúdicas en la perspectiva de Elkonin, comprender su relación con los procesos de desarrollo y aprendizaje y relacionarlas a los contenidos de la Educación Física escolar en la educación infantil. Este estudio se hizo a partir del análisis de la principal obra de Elkonin - Psicología del juego - y de los objetivos de la educación física en la educación infantil colocados en los documentos oficiales del MEC y de la concepción sobre la cultura corporal. La actividad lúdica, para Elkonin, es la representación de un papel y el uso de un objeto deduciendo otro. Es a través del juego que el niño aprehende la realidad y desarrolla las funciones psíquicas, permitiendo su acción consciente en el mundo. Desde este punto de vista se presenta la importancia de las actividades lúdicas en el desarrollo infantil y algunas estrategias pedagógicas que tienen por objetivo facilitar la enseñanza de la educación física. Se concluye que hay la necesidad del profesor de educación física comprender al individuo en su totalidad y, por eso, enseñar la cultura corporal más allá del aspecto motor, contribuyendo, intencionalmente, al desarrollo del niño. Se vuelve así oportuna la concepción del educar por el movimiento, superando las teorías que se limitan a la comprensión de cuerpo versus mente, aún recurrente en la práctica pedagógica del profesor de educación física.Palabras clave: Educación Física; Psicología Histórico-Cultural; Enseñanza-Aprendizaje; Desarrollo.

Introduction: The Normative Bases for Territorial Sovereignty

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Anna Stilz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The Face ◽  
Territorial States ◽  
Separatist Groups

This chapter introduces the two main questions with which this book is concerned. First, is there any compelling moral justification for organizing our world as a territorial states system or is this mode of organization just a firmly rooted historical contingency? Second, how might a state demonstrate a right to control a population and geographical area within that system, especially in the face of challenges from foreign powers or separatist groups who dispute its title? The chapter introduces the three core values that ground the account of territorial sovereignty, occupancy, basic justice, and collective self-determination, and it distinguishes the book’s position from alternative views.

scholarly journals Determining the Distinguishing Features of Different Eating Action Types in Germany Using a Mixed-Method Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Lampmann ◽  
Agnes Emberger-Klein ◽  
Klaus Menrad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Nutrition Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Method Approach

Food-related behavior is a very complex topic, as it affects the most diverse areas of life. Accordingly, wide varieties of disciplines have already dealt with the topic to understand it better. The result is that there is neither a uniform nutrition knowledge nor a uniform nutrition behavior. In order to reduce the complexity of a field of study, there is the methodical means of type-building. Both commercial and academic studies have already formed nutrition types, either by means of standardized questionnaires or with a specific content focus. However, since both individual and social aspects influence food-related behavior, we investigate how people integrate eating into their everyday life against the background of (competing) individual and social demands by focusing on the individual point of view, for which a mixed methods approach is used. Based on 42 semi-structured, problem-centered interviews conducted in Germany in 2017, we built qualitative food-related types in a first step, which are analyzed in this article using a quantitative content analysis and cross-over analysis to identify the particular distinguishing feature(s) of each type and test them for significance. The results show the prominent characteristics for each type and indicate furthermore that subjectivization, self-determination, the body as an instrument of power, adaptation to the environment and being overstrained with the own behavior are particularly prominent when it comes to eating. Moreover, we clearly identified The Overstrained and The Relaxed as independent eating action types, which we could not find anywhere else. The study shows that interventions, especially for The Overstrained and The Controlled, are necessary to achieve a relaxed approach to eating in everyday life. At the same time, systematic approaches should be used to intervene in cases of overstraining or controlled behavior.

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