scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy level and guanidino acetic acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality and intestinal architecture of broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necmettin Ceylan ◽  
Sait Koca ◽  
Shahram Gozlar Adabi ◽  
Shahram Golzar Adabi ◽  
Necla Kahraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Width Reduction ◽  
Broiler Feed

Energy, known as the most expensive nutrient in broiler feed, is what strongly adjusts and affects the growth of broilers. Creatine has a key role in cellular energy metabolism and could be synthesised from guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in the liver; however, its de novo synthesis is not able to adequately fulfil the demand of energy metabolism, especially in fast-growing modern broilers. So the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of commercial GAA in energy-reduced broiler diets on performance and intestinal development. Overall, 11 400 day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments with ten replicates in each. Dietary treatments were designed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three levels of dietary metabolisable energy (AME<sub>n</sub>)  recommended by Aviagen for Ross 308 broilers (12.55 MJ/kg, 12.97 MJ/kg and 13.38 MJ/kg for starter, grower and finisher, respectively), 0.209 MJ/kg and 0.418 MJ/kg reduced and two levels of GAA (0.00% and 0.06%). There was no significant GAA × AME<sub>n</sub> interaction for all performance parameters, carcass traits and jejunal morphological parameters (except for the villus width). Reduction of dietary AME<sub>n</sub> (0.209 MJ/kg and/or 0.418 MJ/kg) caused a significant depression in body weight (BW) gain (P &lt; 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P &lt; 0.001). However, a decreasing AME<sub>n</sub> level increased villus height (P &lt; 0.003) and villus surface area (P &lt; 0.03), while crypt depth and villus width were similar. The GAA improved final BW and FCR by 1.77% and 1.66%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Birds fed low energy diets supplemented with GAA showed a significant improvement in the performance so that BW and FCR were the same as in the control birds; however, no such positive effects were obtained in jejunal villus development. Hence, it might be concluded that 0.06% GAA supplementation improves BW and FCR and can save at least 0.209 MJ/kg dietary AME<sub>n</sub> in broiler diets.

scholarly journals Determining the Importance of Macro and Trace Dietary Minerals on Growth and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Penaeus monodon

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Ha H. Truong ◽  
Amy F. Moss ◽  
Nicholas A. Bourne ◽  
Cedric J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Minerals ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twelve minerals were screened to identify key dietary minerals important for Penaeus monodon growth. The minerals selected included boron, calcium plus phosphorus (assessed in tandem at a 1:1 ratio), cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, strontium and zinc. Twelve purified casein/gelatin-based diets were formulated and contained minerals at two levels: below expected requirements, as attributed by the basal formulation (−) and above expected requirements by adding inorganic minerals (+). The two levels were allocated to dietary treatments in juvenile prawns in accordance with the PB design. A two-level screening analysis was employed where effect of each mineral at level − or + across twelve diets were compared to identify the minerals of importance for culture performance of juvenile prawns. Calcium plus phosphorus (at a 1:1 ratio), magnesium, boron, manganese, selenium and zinc produced the greatest positive effects on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, biomass gain and nutrient/energy retention. Particularly, boron and manganese significantly increased retention of key macronutrients and energy including gross energy, crude protein and crude lipid. Our study demonstrates the importance of several macro and trace minerals in prawn diets and the pressing need to refine their requirements for P. monodon.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation of soybean Cake and Fishmeal with Lysine and Methionine in Broiler Diets on the Growth Performance of Turkey Poults

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
M Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Broiler Feed

The study was carried out during June to August 2003, using one hundred and eight day oldturkey poults which were randomly divided into twelve groups, 9 birds in each. Three replicatewere allocated to each four dietary treatments. Commercially available broiler feed (Ratna feed)was considered as basal diet (Diet-1), Diet-2 was prepared by addition of lysine (0.3%) +methionine (0.1%) to Diet-1, Diet-3 was prepared by supplementation of soybean cake (15%) +lysine (0.2%) + methionine (0.1%) to Diet-1and Diet-4 was formulated by addition of soybeancake (10%) + fishmeal (5%) in Diet-1. Each diet was offered ad lib. from one week to 10 weeksof age. Observation on weekly body weight, weekly and cumulative feed consumed wasaccessed. Weekly body weight gain and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Economics ofdietary treatments in terms of income over chicks and feed cost was also calculated.Significantly higher body weight (P < 0.01) was observed in birds fed with Diet-3 (1881.5 ± 17g), followed by Diet-4 (1745.3 ± 33 g) and Diet-2 (1460.8 ± 51 g) as compared to Diet-1 (1125.2± 20 g) up to 10 weeks of age. The birds fed with supplemented diet consumed significantly (P <0.01) higher feed than that of basal diet. The average additional profit per bird fed withsupplemented diets over basal diet was found to be Rs 31.21, Rs 29.4 and Rs 9.92 for Diet-3,followed by Diet-4 and Diet-2, respectively. The results showed that supplemented diets weremore economical than that of basal diet. It may be concluded that supplementation of eithersoybean cake (15%) along with lysine (0.2%) and methionine (0.1%) or soybean cake (10%) andfishmeal (5%) in commercial broiler ration could be beneficial for enhancing higher body weightof turkey poults and resulted higher gross income as compared to basal diet (broiler ration).Key words: Fishmeal; lysine; methionine; soybean cake; turkeyDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1871Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.70-74

scholarly journals Defining the effects of wheat type, water inclusion level, and wet-diet restriction on variability in performance of broilers fed wheat-based diets with added water

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objectives of the study were to determine if feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers fed wet Hard Red Spring (HRS) as compared to Durum-based wheat diets could be reduced by: (a) diluting HRS with Durum wheat, (b) pelleting of the wheat, (c) adding different levels of water to the diet, or (d) restricting intake of diets to which water was added. Three wheat types [Durum, HRS and a Composite (50:50) sample] were ground, with one portion of the ground grain being pelleted and reground before both forms of each wheat type were included at 80% of a basal broiler diet. All diets were supplemented with a commercial wheat enzyme and fed as a mash. Each of the six diets was fed in one of four feed regimens: DRY (as is); WET1.2 (DRY with 1.2 g water g-1 feed); WET0.6 (DRY with 0.6 g water g-1 feed); and RWET1.2 [WET1.2 diet treatment restricted-fed to 120% of the previous day’s DRY feed intake (on an air-dried basis) for each diet type]. This provided 24 dietary treatments each fed to six cages of five male broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. The wet diets were prepared daily. Among the feed regimens WET1.2 resulted in the significantly highest 21-d body weight. The significant increase in feed intake and FCR of HRS-based diets with added water was reduced significantly by diluting this wheat with Durum wheat. Feeding the unpelleted Composite wheat sample significantly improved growth rate over either wheat alone, presumably due to an improved balance of nutrients. Pelleting significantly reduced intake of wet HRS-based diets and increased apparent metabolisable energy (AME), resulting in a marked reduction in FCR compared to unpelleted diets. There was some value in using less water in HRS-based, but not in Durum-based diets, with respect to FCR and metabolisable energy retention. Physical restrictions of feed intake reduced FCR of wet (WET1.2) unpelleted HRS diets, but did not affect the same diet when wheat was pelleted. Further work is required to establish the optimum consistency of feed in a wet form to maximize feed intake and growth while minimizing FCR. Key words: Wheat, wet feeding, enzymes, feed intake, broilers

scholarly journals Growth performance, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of broiler finisher fed graded levels of ginger root meal (grm) basal diets.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T.E Ehebha, ◽  
S. E Okosun ◽  
E. E. Adomeh ◽  
Abiodun Stanley Eguaoje
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment to compare the effect of varying inclusion levels of ginger root meal (zingiber officianale)on growth performance, carcass and organoleptic qualities of finishing broiler chicken was conducted in the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Animal Science Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. 150 ANAK 2000 day old chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with diet 1 being the control (0%) and diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contain the inclusion levels of ginger root meal at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% respectively. In a complete randomized design (CRD),50 birds were assigned to each treatments with 10 birds per replicate. Performance parameters, carcass characteristics and organoleptic qualities were assessed. Result on the performance characteristics revealed that average final weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher in control similar to those on 1.5%GRM. Carcass characteristic study revealed that live weight, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated weights and dressing percentages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed the control similar to those on 1.5%GRM. Weight of shanks, breast muscles, neck and back were significantly influenced (P<0.05) with highest values recorded among birds fed 1.5%GRM. For organoleptic quality, appearance, flavour, juiciness, overall acceptance and calculated overall acceptance were all significantly (P<0.05) affected. It is therefore concluded that the dietary inclusion of ginger root meal in broiler diets at 1.5% inclusion levels had positive effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics of the birds and organoleptic quality of the chicken meat.

scholarly journals Minimal Effects, Maximum Panic: Social Media and Democracy in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630512098445
Author(s):  
Eugenia Mitchelstein ◽  
Mora Matassi ◽  
Pablo J. Boczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

In face of public discourses about the negative effects that social media might have on democracy in Latin America, this article provides a qualitative assessment of existing scholarship about the uses, actors, and effects of platforms for democratic life. Our findings suggest that, first, campaigning, collective action, and electronic government are the main political uses of platforms. Second, politicians and office holders, social movements, news producers, and citizens are the main actors who utilize them for political purposes. Third, there are two main positive effects of these platforms for the democratic process—enabling social engagement and information diffusion—and two main negative ones—the presence of disinformation, and the spread of extremism and hate speech. A common denominator across positive and negative effects is that platforms appear to have minimal effects that amplify pre-existing patterns rather than create them de novo.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

scholarly journals Influence of Enzyme Supplementation in the Diets of Broiler Chickens Formulated with Different Corn Hybrids Dried at Various Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Franciele C. N. Giacobbo ◽  
Cinthia Eyng ◽  
Ricardo V. Nunes ◽  
Cleison de Souza ◽  
Levy V. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

We evaluated the influence of enzymatic supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers. A total of 2160 1-day-old male chicks were used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (three corn hybrids, two drying temperatures −80 and 110 °C, with or without the inclusion of an enzymatic blend (amylase, xylanase, and protease) (20 birds/pen, n = 9). For all performance and digestibility parameters, we observed, in general, isolated effects of the corn hybrids and drying temperature. Birds that received the enzymatic blend in the diet showed better weight gain from 1 to 21 days (d) and better digestibility coefficients of nutrients at 42 d. Birds fed diets with corn dried at 80 °C showed a better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 42 d. At 21 d of age, enzymatic supplementation had positive effects on jejunum morphology. Enzyme supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Tenericutes, class Bacilli and Mollicutes, reduced Clostridia, and increased the abundances of the families Lactobacillaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and O_RF39;F. In conclusion, the addition of amylase, xylanase, and protease led to a better nutrient digestibility, performance, and intestinal morphology. In addition, enzyme supplementation changed the diversity, composition, and predicted function of the cecal microbiota at d 21.

scholarly journals PSIII-21 Effect of active, dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ActiSaf HR+®) on postweaning performance, diarrhea and immune parameters of nursery pigs in cleaned or dirty environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
Claudia Tellman ◽  
Thomas Esselburn ◽  
Joseph Loughmiller ◽  
Sheila Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Weaning imposes multiple stressors that reduce feed intake and impair intestinal integrity. Furthermore, poor environmental management could compound the high stress period increasing morbidity and mortality of postweaning piglets. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of supplemental Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ActiSaf HR+®) on postweaning growth performance, fecal scores and immune parameters in a clean or dirty nursery environment. The experiment was a 2 X 2 factorial design with 2 dietary treatments fed in a sanitized (following barn SOP) and un-sanitized (pits flushed, feeders and pens scraped) nursery environment. Weaned piglets (n = 260 and 5pigs/pen; 14.7±1.5lbs wt., 20.8d of age) were allotted to the following dietary treatments: 1) control or 2) ActiSaf HR+® (0.1% in phase 1 and 2 and 0.05% phase 3 diets) for 5-wks postweaning. On days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 fecal scores/pen and blood samples were collected for monitoring diarrhea and measurement of cytokines. Overall, pigs fed ActiSaf tended towards greater ADG compared to control fed pigs regardless of environment (P = 0.09; 379 vs. 357 g/d, ActiSaf vs control, respectively). Final pen weights at d35 were greater in ActiSaf vs. control fed pigs (101 vs. 97 kg/pen; P &lt; 0.05). Pigs reared in the dirty vs clean environment had reduced overall ADG (352 vs 384 g/d, respectively; P = 0.01), and pigs in the dirty environment tended towards higher overall feed:gain compared to pigs in clean environments; 1.87 vs. 1.76 g/g (P = 0.09). Diarrhea scores were increased in the dirty environment compared to the clean environment on days 3 and 7 (P &lt; 0.01). Serum TNF-a concentrations were not significantly affected by diet or environment. In conclusion, nursery pigs raised in clean environments had higher ADG and improved feed conversion than pigs reared in a dirty environment. Pigs fed diets containing ActiSaf HR+® tended towards increased ADG regardless of environment.

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fengchun Ye ◽  
Hongbo Tang ◽  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

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