scholarly journals Development of beech necrotic disease in the growing phase of maturing stand under air pollution stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cicák ◽  
I. Mihál
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Health State ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pollutant Source ◽  
Aluminium Plant

The paper compares the state of the necrotic disease of beech stem bark on three research plots in 2004 with 1995. The investigated objects were three research plots of beech in the growing phase of maturing stand in Central Slovakia subjected to different air pollution stress. Larger negative changes in the beech necrotic disease were recorded on a plot situated in the close vicinity (1.5 km) of the aluminium plant. We consider the permanent negative influence of pollutants from the aluminium plant on the vitality of trees as the main cause of the negative changes. The health state of beech (defoliation) on this research plot was also permanently significantly worse than on the two other plots situated at a larger distance from the pollutant source (7 and 18 km respectively). The state of necrotic disease on the plot situated at the distance of 7 km was significantly better in 2004 than in 1995. This difference could result from the age of beech trees being lower by 15 years than on the plot distant 18 km from the pollutant source where the state of necrotic disease has not changed. On none of the studied plots was the tree defoliation influenced by the current state of the necrotic disease of beech stems.

scholarly journals Ukrainian insurance market: current state and development prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
I. Lashchyk ◽  
I. Kondrat ◽  
P. Viblyi ◽  
V. Bilets
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Demand For Insurance ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa

The paper is devoted to the investigation of the current state and trends of the insurance market in Ukraine. A number of indicators characterizing the state of insurance market development, such as: the number of insurance companies engaged in risky types of insurance and life insurance; volume and dynamics of gross insurance bonuses and insurance payments; dynamics of the number of concluded agreements on voluntary and compulsory types of insurance, as well as reinsurance agreements; volume and dynamics of assets and insurance reserves of domestic insurance companies are analyzed in this scientific paper. Comparative analysis of the above mentioned indicators with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. It is defined that the insurance market of Ukraine lags far behind the countries of Europe, the USA, China, Japan and other developed countries. The reason for such low development is the difficult economic situation in the country caused by such factors as the change of power in 2015, the occupation of part of the territory by the Russian Federation, which shattered the previously unstable economy. Although the economic situation in the country has stabilized in recent years, this is not enough for the insurance market to reach the level of developed economies. The investigation results are presented in the form of tables and graphical interpretations. The factors of positive and negative influence on the development of domestic insurance market are determined and characterized. The main factor influencing the insurance market and ensuring its stability is the control of measures increasing the level of the population insurance culture and the reliability of insurance companies. Such measures will increase the demand for insurance services, insurers will be interested in doing their best and these factors will result in financial market stabilization. This effect will be achieved if the state and insurance companies act in coordinated manner, i.e. if the state provides the insurance market with regulatory framework with unobtrusive supervision, and insurers perform their work honestly and conscientiously. A number of recommendations for the development of domestic insurance companies and the market in general are developed. The main measures are to attract capital not only from European countries, making the insurance market more attractive, but to develop the health insurance, as medicine is quite expensive and the income is low, as well as to introduce the new insurance products due to the development of all industries.

scholarly journals Current state of studying precipitation acidification in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Radomir Talijan ◽  
Goran Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The State ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Zones

Basic relations between the state of air pollution and their effects on chemistry of precipitation were introduced in this paper. Changes in the composition of atmosphere were defined by numerous chemical elements and compounds different in character which also affect the phenomenon of acidification and alkaline processes. The interconnected sources of emission, relations between urban and rural, the regime of rainmeasuring system and climate elements combined as whole give us more complete image of the global phenomenon and its effects on cities as a contemporary social development first of all caused by industrialization, its dependance upon fosil sources of energy and demographic pressure. Characteristics of main pollutants were considered as well as their ability to modify atmospheric conditions, but also the influence of climate elements on those conditions, ph rainfall average value movement, seasonal and daily variations, the influence of industrial zones and agglomeration on the conditions in the area much wider than emitters.

PREVENTION OF NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF LEADERS AND ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS OF GROUPINGS OF A NEGATIVE ORIENTATION ON THE POSITIVELY CHARACTERIZED CONVICTEDIN PRISONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Иса Хамзатович Дакашев
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Departmental Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Orientation

В статье рассматривается влияние лидеров и активных участников группировок отрицательной направленности на положительно характеризующихся осужденных, предлагаются поэтапные меры профилактики такого влияния. Проблемы повышенной общественной опасности криминальных лидеров и их негативного влияния на положительно характеризующихся осужденных поднимаются на государственном и ведомственном уровне достаточно давно. Характеризуя современное состояние деятельности криминальных лидеров в уголовно-исполнительной системе России, следует отметить не только все возрастающую их активность, но и стремление к созданию в исправительных учреждениях организованных структур неформальной власти. Складывающаяся криминогенная обстановка в исправительных учреждениях такова, что многие преступления носят организованный характер. Искаженные представления об общечеловеческих ценностях реализуются криминальными лидерами и активными участниками группировок отрицательной направленности в повседневной жизни путем совершения особо жестоких, изощренных преступлений, направленных против осужденных и других лиц в исправительных учреждениях, а также в отношении пенитенциарной системы в целом. The article examines the influence of leaders and active members of negative groupings on positively characterized convicts, and proposes step-by-step measures to prevent such influence. Problems of increased public danger of criminal leaders and their negative impact positively characterized convicts rise at the state and departmental level for a long time. Describing the current state of the activities of criminal leaders in the penitentiary system of Russia, it should be noted not only their ever-increasing activity, but also the desire to create in correctional institutions of organized structures of informal power. The emerging crime situation in places of deprivation of liberty is such that many crimes are of an organized nature. Distorted ideas about universal human values are realized by them in everyday life by committing especially cruel, sophisticated crimes directed against convicts and other persons in correctional colonies, as well as in relation to the penitentiary system in general.

scholarly journals Natural and man-made threats of Ukrainian agricultural sector development

2015 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
S. Ulyhanets ◽  
L. Melnyk ◽  
О. Kravchuk ◽  
Т. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Current State ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Terrain Features

The essence of natural and industrial safety is revealed. The sources and and types of dangers are described. Particular attention is paid to environmental safety. Regional characteristics of natural and man-made threats of Ukraine are spotlighted. The threats to natural and man-made disasters related to terrain features, climate, geology, economy specialization are identified here. Results of the analysis of natural and man-made threats indicate that the current state of environmental safety in most regions of Ukraine is almost at the required level. Particular attention is drawn to the objects of nuclear, chemical, metallurgy, mining, civil engineering, transportation systems. The negative influence of natural and technogenic safety on agriculture in Ukraine is shown as well. The main directions of environmental protection in agriculture are outlined. A need to provide a concrete and realistic plan to minimize the impact on the risks associated with natural and man-made hazards is identified. Economic development and natural and man-made threats in the country at the present stage is characterized by dynamic changes and complex relationships that contribute to the formation of large risks in the environmental security of the state. Significant processes are i significantly impeded by the deepening global financial and economic crisis, significantly limits the ability of the state to prevent and neutralize threats of natural and man-made origin.

Economic State and Institutional Environment of Russian Industrial Enterprises: The Empirical Analysis of Interrelations

2005 ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kleiner ◽  
R. Kachalov ◽  
E. Sushko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Essential Heterogeneity ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Weak Influence

The paper presents the analysis of the data received from the survey of heads of industrial enterprises and also experts-researchers in 2003-2004. The data describe the economic state of enterprises and their position in competitive, administrative, intermediary, financial etc. environment. The assumption of essential heterogeneity of the set of industrial enterprises, including enterprises of the same sector or the same territorial formation is confirmed. It is shown that Russian industrial enterprises as a rule do not feel influence of the stock market situation while the condition of the currency market influences the majority of enterprises. The sensitivity of enterprises depends on their economic situation: the better is the state, the stronger is the influence. Weak influence of the investment and administrative environment on the state of enterprises and negative influence of the activity of intermediary organizations are registered. More than 2/3 of the respondents consider important strengthening of the responsibility of large proprietors for inefficient activity of their enterprises. Lack of the strategic approach in the activity of authorities of all levels is ascertained and the necessity of development and realization of industrial policy at all administrative levels, including the municipal one, is shown.

On the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Wilfried Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Islam And Democracy

This article examines the state of Islamic jurisprudence with regard to many sensitive issues, such as the status of women and minorities in Islam, Islam and Democracy, hudud punishments. The author explores the current state of Islamic discourse on jurisprudence and identifies three approaches-traditional, secular and reformist. The paper explores the positions of the traditional ulama and the reformist muj­tahids on the mentioned topics and finds the reformist position more sensible and closer to the position of ihe Qur'an and Sunnah. This paper while advocating neo-ijtihad, makes an impressive case for the merit???? and Islamic credibility of the reformist jurisprudence.

scholarly journals Monetizing the Burden of Childhood Asthma Due to Traffic Related Air Pollution in the Contiguous United States in 2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7864
Author(s):  
Minaal Farrukh ◽  
Haneen Khreis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) refers to the wide range of air pollutants emitted by traffic that are dispersed into the ambient air. Emerging evidence shows that TRAP can increase asthma incidence in children. Living with asthma can carry a huge financial burden for individuals and families due to direct and indirect medical expenses, which can include costs of hospitalization, medical visits, medication, missed school days, and loss of wages from missed workdays for caregivers. Objective: The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common traffic-related air pollutant in urban areas, in the United States at the state level. Methods: We calculate the direct and indirect costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 using previously published burden of disease estimates and per person asthma cost estimates. By multiplying the per person indirect and direct costs for each state with the NO2-attributable asthma incident cases in each state, we were able to estimate the total cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the United States. Results: The cost calculation estimates the total direct and indirect annual cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the year 2010 to be $178,900,138.989 (95% CI: $101,019,728.20–$256,980,126.65). The state with the highest cost burden is California with $24,501,859.84 (95% CI: $10,020,182.62–$38,982,261.250), and the state with the lowest cost burden is Montana with $88,880.12 (95% CI: $33,491.06–$144,269.18). Conclusion: This study estimates the annual costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 and demonstrates the importance of conducting economic impacts studies of TRAP. It is important for policy-making institutions to focus on this problem by advocating and supporting more studies on TRAP’s impact on the national economy and health, including these economic impact estimates in the decision-making process, and devising mitigation strategies to reduce TRAP and the population’s exposure.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
European Union Countries

The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

scholarly journals Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Adeeba Al-Hurban ◽  
Sawsan Khader ◽  
Ahmad Alsaber ◽  
Jiazhu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

This study aimed to examine the trend of ambient air pollution (i.e., ozone (O3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at 10 monitoring stations located in the main residential and industrial areas in the State of Kuwait over 6 years (2012–2017). We found that the SO2 level in industrial areas (0.065 ppm) exceeded the allowable range of SO2 in residential areas (0.030 ppm). Air pollution variables were defined by the Environmental Public Authority of Kuwait (K-EPA). In this study, integrated statistical analysis was performed to compare an established air pollution database to Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and to determine the association between pollutants and meteorological factors. All pollutants were positively correlated, with the exception of most pollutants and PM10 and O3. Meteorological factors, i.e., the ambient temperature, wind speed and humidity, were also significantly associated with the above pollutants. Spatial distribution mapping indicated that the PM10 level remained high during the southwest monsoon (the hot and dry season), while the CO level was high during the northeast monsoon (the wet season). The NO2 and O3 levels were high during the first intermonsoon season.

The analysis of the state of the problem of processing agricultural waste and ways to solve it in the context of the formation of the organic products industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
A.M. Agapkin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Regulatory Economic

The state of the problem of processing agricultural waste as a newly forming industry for the disposal of such waste in conjunction with the development of the emerging industry of organic production and the market of organic fertilizers is considered. The issue is regarded in the interrelation of the regulatory, economic and technological components in their dynamics from the current state to the target (desired).

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