scholarly journals Corona Virus: A Pandemic 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-644
Author(s):  
Roshani Ramesh Wankhade
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Infection Spread

In DECEMBER 2019, the Places for Infectious prevention and Avoidance started to screen the episode of another Covid, SARS-CoV-2, which leads to causes respiratory ailment currently  called as Coronavirus – 19. They previously recognized infection in Wuhan, many cases were reported in  China seafood market . In excess of 82542 instance of Covid in China upto 31 Walk 2020. Wellbeing specialists had recognized numerous others with Coronavirus - 19 around the globe. On 31 Walk 2020, the infection spread among in excess of 750890 individuals all through the World. The World Wellbeing Association (WHO) has pronounced it as a general wellbeing crisis identifying with Coronavirus. Various strains of coronavirus  has been  analyzed in a few inhabitants of WORLD Population. The CDC had prompted that it is probably going to Affect many countries all over the world . Coronavirus  influenced numerous nations on the planet. The primary individuals with Coronavirus had connections to a creature and fish market. This reality proposed that creatures at first communicated the infection to people. Nonetheless, individuals with a later finding had no associations with or openness to the market, affirming that people can pass the infection to one another. Covid will taint the vast majority sooner or later during their lifetime. Covid can change successfully, which makes them so infectious. Data on the infection is scant as of now.  On 17 February 2020, the Chief General of the WHO introduced at a media preparation that accompanying reports on how regularly this manifestations of Coronavirus . However, some infections are exceptionally infectious, it is now clear that how quickly Coronavirus is  spreading throughout the globe . Indicationsof this disease changes from person  to person according to their immune response . In some this  might deliver not many or no manifestations depending on many factors like age, associated underlying conditions,  etc. Be that as it may, it can likewise prompt extreme ailment and might be deadly. On 11 Walk 2020, WHO proclaimed Novel Covid Sickness (Coronavirus) episode as a Pandemic.

scholarly journals Hybrid immunity: the immune response of COVID-19 survivors to vaccination

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1890-1892
Author(s):  
Marlon Gancino ◽  
Nelson Santiago Vispo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World Population ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Dose Regime ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Hybrid immunity can become a turning-point opportunity to defeat the infection in context with the current pandemic scenario. Adopting policies aligned with the data mentioned above may be particularly beneficial for regions like Latin America. While this region shares only ~5% of the world population, it accumulates +16% of the ~200 million COVID-19 total cases, so far reported1. Acknowledging the reduced diagnostic capabilities of these countries, this entire area is probably one of the most affected globally, leading to one of the more numerous populations of convalescent people. From both an economic and pharmacological perspective, applying a one-dose regime of pertinent vaccines to convalescent individuals is sustainable5. As COVID-19 survivors may need just one vaccination to achieve high levels of protective immunity, massive antibody screening for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies could help prioritize and free up doses, optimize vaccine supply efficiency, and surpass problems linked to the current vaccine manufacturing bottleneck

scholarly journals A Mysterious Tale of Cardiogenic Delirium Induced by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Saquib Navid Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Heart Block ◽  
Complete Heart Block ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
World Population ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World

A novel corona virus (SARS-COV-2) started to spread around the world eventually being declared as a global pandemic crisis by WHO in March,2020. Total number of cases have reached to a staggering 140 million by 17th April, 2021 with sad demise of 4 million of the world population. A few number of patients appear to be suffering from cardiac conductive abnormalities have been noted to be associated with SARS-CoV-2. This case unfolds story of a cardiogenic delirium induced by COVID-19. It’s a roller coaster journey of a 62-year -old gentleman presenting with acute delirium which was later found to be due to low brain tissue perfusion resulting from complete heart block. After ruling out all possible causes for the sudden development of complete heart block we came into conclusion of association of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of complete heart block which retrospectively lead the gentleman to become delirious.

scholarly journals A Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Management Options, Public Health Measures

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Mukoro Duke George
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is an unknown corona virus causing COVID-19 disease responsible for the ongoing pandemic affecting over 190 countries, with a mortality rate of about 5%. The high mortality rate resulted from its ability to elicit cytokine storm via non-specific immune response with delay in specific immune response, notably worst in the elderly, HIV, immunocompromised and cancer diseased patients. The article therefore provides frontline health care workers, the opportunity to understand and equip themselves with management options, public health measures used in coping with COVID-19 infections and enables personnel to make quick preparation for Symptomatic COVID-19 infection in-order to reduce mortalities in health facilities. It also provides a summarised teaching material for medical and allied health students around the world. Methodology: Credible data and information were obtained from the World health organization situation report, Johns Hopkins University Corona Virus resource centre and other notable journal publications. Most information was on public domain. Results: Clinical features reported include pneumonia, renal dysfunction, hepatobiliary dysfunction and residual tissue damage, especially in the lungs in those that survive. The literature highlights the blood work-up picture (Leucopenia, increased cytokines IL-6, ferritin, Serum creatinine, urea, AST, GGT, ALT and Viremia) and radiological features of the disease. ELISA and RT-qPCR test are required for diagnosis using sputum, or pharyngeal swab, blood, serum, urine and faecal samples which lead to faeco-oral transmission. ELISA/RT-PCR is also required for disease exclusions in co-existing epidemics such as MERS-CoV, SARS-COV and other viral diseases. Treatment modalities employed thus far are trials that have produce results including targeted therapy, anti-retroviral, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, antibody-serum and antimalaria drugs such as chloroquine and quinine which are found among some protocols in African setting and other developing countries. Currently, ongoing preventive measures (face mask, social distancing and hand hygiene, community testing, isolation of confirmed cases and tracking of the exposed, remain the key corner-stone in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: COVID -19 disease still remain unclear to many scientists and its pandemic still ongoing. There are many research and clinical trials ongoing while some drugs are used off-label in-order to mitigate the damage caused by the virus in Human body. Cytokine storm needs immunomodulators and viral targeted therapy as discussed in-order to reduce tissue damage, and eventually morbidity and mortalities from COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5231
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Saleh ◽  
Bahaa El-Gharabawy ◽  
Aziza Hassan ◽  
Nemat Badawi ◽  
Yahya Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
World Population ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World

As the world population increases, there will be an increase in demand for poultry meat. To satisfy this requirement, sustainably will be a significant challenge as different countries in the world face different health problems. Additionally, for decades, poultry nutritionists have worked on sustainability in broiler manufacturing plants. The usage of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which have positive effects as growth promoters and immunostimulants, is a pioneering way to decrease the cost of diets and improve environmentally friendly and sustainable production in this critical era. This study aimed at evaluating the influences of alpha-monoglyceride (alpha-monolaurin) on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, lipid profiles, liver oxidative stress, and immune response in broilers. Alpha-monolaurin was included at the levels of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg in broiler diets. After 33 days, dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin showed no impact on the feed intake; however, broilers fed 0.5 g/kg feed displayed a significantly reduced food conversion ratio, as compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). However, body weight and body weight gain tended to increase after 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation, as compared to other groups. The highest European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was obtained with 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation. The ether extract utilization and spleen weight were improved substantially (p ≤ 0.05) by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, but muscle and other organ weights were not affected. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was decreased significantly by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, while plasma total protein and albumin were enhanced (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, broilers fed alpha-monolaurin displayed an increased antibody titer of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus and muscle unsaturated fatty acid content, and a decreased liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA). It could be assumed that dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin positively impacts birds’ feed efficiency and immune response and can be applied as a natural immune enhancer in the broiler industry.

An Alternate Approach in the Management of COVID – 19 in Unvaccinated / Vaccine Allergic Population – A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Ahamed Basha Abdul Bari ◽  
R. Sivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
To Receive

The COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against the severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by developing an immune response to the same. Further, there are mass vaccination programs being conducted across the globe. India administered COVID – 19 vaccines for more than 90 crores of people as on October 2021. However, there are still a bunch of people yet to receive vaccination. Adding to this, very few are found to be allergic to COVID – 19 vaccines. Hence there is a need for an alternative approach till the whole population of the world gets vaccinated. One such approach is prescribing Nilavembu kudineer and Kabha sura kudineer, a polyherbal Siddha medicine formulation of Traditional Indian system of Medicine. This case study highlights the positive effects and importance of the above mentioned polyherbal formulations in the management of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Hence, the same can be advised to the individuals who are yet to receive COVID-19 vaccine and persons who are allergic to COVID -19 vaccines.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Immunity: Review of Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Rahnuma Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function

After the last flu pandemic in 1918, the world has not faced a similar pandemic until now. However, it has been possible to identify the causative agent as well as its structure and function. The SARS-CoV-2 virus attacks the respiratory system, and the viral components like the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein produce an immune response in the host for viral elimination. The antigen can be recognized by or is presented to T cells. This results in neutralizing antibody production, cytokine secretion, and cytolysis. Although most infected individuals only suffer mild or moderate disease, some develop cytokine storms due to excess formation of cytokines resulting in ARDS, multiorgan failure, and DIC. The virus has mechanisms in place that can aid its escape from the host’s immune response. Vaccine development has been underway around the globe to produce effective vaccines to limit morbidity and mortality from infection. Vaccines like mRNA vaccines encode the spike protein of coronavirus, and research has shown that antibodies developing from the vaccine were less affected by mutation in the spike protein of the virus than that developed from infection. The mRNA vaccine has modified nucleotide that limits the excessive formation of Interferons. Although various hurdles to overcome to vaccinate the world population effectively, vaccination may be essential to control the pandemic and a return to normalcy. This review highlights the current knowledge on the structure of the virus and the immune response triggered by the virus in infected individuals. It also reviews the currently available vaccines with their formulation, mechanism of immune response elicited. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.32-40

scholarly journals Mapping of technologies using thermal images to control epidemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
Raphael Sapucaia dos Santos ◽  
Cleo Clayton Santos Silva ◽  
Jonas Pedro Fabris ◽  
Suzana Leitão Russo
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
World Population ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
New Research

The quest to combat the spread of the new Corona Virus Pandemic is a battle experienced worldwide, more specifically in the year 2020 when it caused a tragedy in the lives of a large part of the world population. The current numbers of contaminated people and deaths are alarming. Transmitted through droplets expelled through the nose or mouth, it leads to fever, which is the most common symptom of COVID-19. A technique that uses thermal images to check dispersed heat is a thermography. These images are captured by thermal cameras or devices with temperature sensors. Thus, the purpose of this work was to map the deposits of patent applications in order to seek technologies related to the use of thermal images to control the pandemic. The search base chosen for this research characterized as exploratory quantitative was Espacenet, which returned a final result of 119 published patent documents. Of these 93 documents were worked on in this article which gave us a more discussed result, since the others were repeated. The research revealed that patent applications in this area were stable until the current year when a Corona Virus pandemic spread, forcing researchers to develop research in order to combat it. The increase in the number of patents in 2020 shows the tendency to increase to 2021 when new research should appear and, consequently, new patented documents may be exposed in the future.

scholarly journals Immuno-informatics approach for multi-epitope vaccine designing against SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvik Banerjee ◽  
Kaustav Majumder ◽  
Gerardo Jose Gutierrez ◽  
Debkishore Gupta ◽  
Bharti Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Epitope Vaccine ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

AbstractThe novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has set the fatality rates ablaze across the world. So, to combat this disease, we have designed a multi-epitope vaccine from various proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an immuno-informatics approach, validated in silico to be stable, non-allergic and antigenic. Cytotoxic T-cell, helper T-cell, and B-cell epitopes were computationally predicted from six conserved protein sequences among four viral strains isolated across the world. The T-cell epitopes, overlapping with the B-cell epitopes, were included in the vaccine construct to assure the humoral and cell-mediated immune response. The beta-subunit of cholera toxin was added as an adjuvant at the N-terminal of the construct to increase immunogenicity. Interferon-gamma inducing epitopes were even predicted in the vaccine. Molecular docking and binding energetics studies revealed strong interactions of the vaccine with immune-stimulatory toll-like receptors (TLR) −2, 3, 4. Molecular dynamics simulation of the vaccine ensured in vivo stability in the biological system. The immune simulation of vaccine evinced elevated immune response. The efficient translation of the vaccine in an expression vector was assured utilizing in silico cloning approach. Certainly, such a vaccine construct could reliably be effective against COVID-19.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shrikant Verma ◽  
Mohammad Abbas ◽  
Sushma Verma ◽  
Syed Tasleem Raza ◽  
Farzana Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Different Parts

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.

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