Involvement of Phenolic Compounds in Anaerobic Flooding Germination of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

By this study, thirty rice varieties were evaluated for anaerobic flooding tolerance using the direct sowing method. Phenolic profiles of strong and weak tolerant varieties were identified and compared based on HPLC chromatograms. The germination rates and shoot heights of rice were recorded for calculating the seedling vigor, which indicate the tolerant ability of rice in flooding condition. The results revealed a high variation of germination rate (10.01 to 100%), shoot height (0.35 to 78.17 mm) and seedling vigor (0.05 to 72.83). There was a high correlation between (r = 0.71) germination rate in 5 cm and 10 cm flood. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the strong tolerant cultivar significantly and proportionally increased in the flooding levels (5 cm and 10 cm). There was a total difference in terms of number of phenolic acids found in the strong and weak tolerant varieties. In particular, six phenolic acids (gallic acid, catechol, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, and ellagic acid) were only identified with high concentration in the strong tolerant cultivar. The findings suggest that the phenolics presented in the strong tolerant varieties probably have a certain function in response and adaptation to anaerobic flooding condition. Further researches on exogenous application of these phenolic acids to increase the flooding tolerant level of rice should be continued at both green house and field treatments.

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Use of hydroxyapatite to reduce Cd pollution in agriculture soils for Chenopodium quinoa cultivation

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10595 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Arenas Lago ◽

Ruben Forján Castro ◽

Erika S Santos ◽

Diego Arán ◽

Manuel Arias Estévez

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽

High Concentration ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Sequential Chemical Extraction

Cadmium is a metal distributed in low concentrations in the environment without biological function, but it can be toxic at high concentration for plants, animals, and/or humans. This element is one of the major soil pollutant, with high mobility and availability under the conditions of many agricultural soils. The use of nanoremediation techniques can be an effective solution for the in situ recovery of contaminated soils with Cd, although the existing information about the consequences of using nanoparticles in soils is still very scarce. In this context. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be an effective amendment for remediation of soils. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will) is a seed-producing crop that has been cultivated in the Andes for several thousand years but with a good adaptation to different climatic conditions. Currently, quinoa is an emerging multipurpose crop in other parts of the world, due to its high nutritional potential for both human food and animal feedstock and a good alternative to cereals, leading to significant demand and, consequently, cultivation. In this study, we investigated the capacity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for recovering artificially contaminated soils with Cd where grown quinoa. For this, seeds of C. quinoa were sown in two different soil (Arenosol and Anthrosol) artificially contaminated with Cd2+ (0; 5, 25 and 50 mg kg-1) and amended or not with 1% (w/w) of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The pot assay was carried out under controlled conditions and in a greenhouse for three months. Initial soils were characterized physicochemically and at the end of the assay multielemental concentrations were determined in soil (total and available fraction and plants (shoots). Germination rate, shoot height and dry biomass were measured, as well as pigments, glutathione, ascorbate and H2O2 contents were analysed in plant shoots in order to evaluate plant development and their physiological status. In parallel, a sequential chemical extraction was carried out to determine the Cd distribution in the different geochemical soil phases. Preliminary results indicated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have a high capacity to retain Cd. These nanoparticles seem to favour C. quinoa growth even with the highest concentration of Cd added. Therefore, this study will serve as a basis for further scientific research on the potential use of hydroxyapatite in agriculture soils with different characteristics and Cd problems for secure C. quinoa cultivation.AcknowledgementsThis research and postdoc contract from Arenas-Lago D. was supported by the project ED481D 2019/007 (Xunta de Galicia), and Portuguese funds through Funda&#231;&#227;o para a Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia within the scope of the project UID/AGR/04129/2020 (LEAF).

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Monitoring Phenolic Compounds in Rice during the Growing Season in Relation to Fungal and Mycotoxin Contamination

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12050341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Paola Giorni ◽

Silvia Rastelli ◽

Sofia Fregonara ◽

Terenzio Bertuzzi

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Growing Season ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽

Almost All

Total phenolic content (TPC) and several phenolic acids present in rice grains were compared with fungal infection and mycotoxin presence throughout the growing season. Samples of 4 rice varieties were collected in 2018 and 2019 at 3 different plant phenological stages. Total fungal and main mycotoxigenic fungi incidence were checked and mycotoxin content was analysed. On the same samples, TPC and the concentration of 8 main phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatecuic acid and gallic acid) were measured. The results showed significant differences between years for both fungal incidence and mycotoxin presence. In 2018 there was a lower fungal presence (42%) than in 2019 (57%) while, regarding mycotoxins, sterigmatocystin (STC) was found in almost all the samples and at all growing stages while deoxynivalenol (DON) was found particularly during ripening. An interesting relationship was found between fungal incidence and TPC, and some phenolic acids seemed to be more involved than others in the plant defense system. Ferulic acid and protocatecuic acid showed a different trend during the growing season depending on fungal incidence and resulted to be positively correlated with p-coumaric acid and 4-HBA that seem involved in mycotoxin containment in field.

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Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in selected drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71727-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Umakanta Sarker ◽

Shinya Oba

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Pharmacological Study ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Leafy Vegetable ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds

Abstract Four selected advance lines of drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth were characterized for phenolic profiles, vitamins, and antioxidant activities. The selected advance lines exhibited differences in terms of genotypes with remarkable phenols, vitamins, flavonoids content, and potential radical quenching capacity. We identified twenty-five phenolic and flavonoid compounds including protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid, β-resorcylic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, m-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, sinapic acid, isoquercetin, naringenin, myricetin, catechin, and hyperoside. The selected advance lines VA14 and VA16 had abundant phenols, vitamins, flavonoids, and antioxidants potentiality. The selected drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth showed high antioxidant potentiality as phenols, vitamins, flavonoids of these lines had a significant positive correlation with antioxidant capacities equivalent to Trolox using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS+. Therefore, drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth VA14 and VA16 can be grown in semi-arid and drought-prone areas in the world to attaining vitamins and antioxidant sufficiency. The phenolic and flavonoids compounds identified in drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth demand a comprehensive pharmacological study. The baseline data on phenolic and flavonoids compounds obtained in the present study will contribute to the scientist forum for the scientific evaluation of these compounds in vegetable amaranth.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant activity of the Roccella montagnei

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cab.v2i01.8610 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Prateek Dixit ◽

Anjali Maurya ◽

Tripti Mishra ◽

Dalip Kumar Upreti ◽

Mahesh Pal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

First Time ◽

Herbal Formulations ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of Roccella montagnei, qualitatively and quantitatively, found commonly in the Coromandel Coast, Tamil Nadu India. In the study we also executed phenolic acids identification by GCMS and more over estimation of their antioxidant potential for the very first time. As the several medicinal values have been reported previously hence this study was to find out the governing factors for these medicinal properties in Roccella montagnei. The Plant material was extracted with different solvent i.e. methanol, Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Phytochemical screening, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid content were analysed in all the solvent extracts the antioxidant activity was achieved by 2, 2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Some commonly occurring phenolic were identified and quantified by GC-MS. Solvent extracts were phytochemically screened out. Total Phenolic and Flavonoid contents were estimated in different solvents extracts. Phenolic content were found in a higher amount comparative to flavonoids. Similarly comparative Antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts were determined in which methanolic extract showed marginally well antioxidant activity. Eight phenolic acids were identified by GC-MS as gallic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid. Overall, present study provides a suitable criterion to qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Roccella montagnei lichen sample for new vista for the exploitation of this of Roccella for the development of herbal formulations.

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Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents, Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Ricegrass Juice compared to Wheatgrass Juice

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v6i12.290 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 822 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rattanamanee Chomchan ◽

Asst. Prof. Dr. Sunisa Siripongvutikorn ◽

Dr. Panupong Puttarak ◽

Ms. Rungtip Rattanapon

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Great Level ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

Background: Cereal grass has been brought attention as a new functional food. Wheatgrass juice was known as a super food which provides lots of advantages for human health. However, the young stage of rice sprout has not been made widely known for consumption, though it is in the similar family to wheat (Poaeceae). Accordingly, ricegrass juice can and should be introduced, especially in Asian countries, as an economical functional drink. Nevertheless, currently there is none of the apparent evidences which confirm the nutritive values of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice.Objective: To investigate the chemical compositions, major phytochemical constituents, bioactive compounds content, specific phenolic profiles, and in vitro antioxidant activities of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice. Methods: Rice and wheat seeds were germinated and grown hydroponically for 8 days. Both fresh plants were determined for chemical compositions. Next, the grasses were extracted with water, centrifuged, and the supernatants were tested for chlorophyll, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents. The left-over supernatant were freeze-dried. The extracts were then screened for the main group of phytochemicals, total extractable phenolic and specific phenolic compounds. Lastly, the extracts were tested for the antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, FCA and HRSA. Results: Data revealed that wheatgrass contained higher levels of protein and fat. Both ricegrass and wheatgrass juice extract exhibited the group of phenol, tannin and saponin but not alkaloid, flavonoid, sterol, terpenoid, courmarin, and cardiac glycoside. Wheatgrass juice can be detected for higher level of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll. Both grass juices were found the similar phenolic acids analyzed by HPLC included pyrogallol, vanilic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid, however, ricegrass juice contained larger amounts of all phenolic acids excluding syringic acid. Conversely, wheatgrass juice exposed higher antioxidant activities for all methods. This may propose from the synergistic effects of ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds in wheatgrass juice, while the main composites exhibited antioxidant activities in ricegrass were phenolic compounds.Conclusion: Ricegrass juice contained great level of phenolic acid molecules. Even if ricegrass juice gave less statistically ability on antioxidant activities, they still had comparable levels of antioxidant activities. With the reduction in cost of raw materials and contribution of high nutritional values, ricegrass juice could be introduced as an antioxidant boosting drink in competition to wheatgrass juice.Keywords: Antioxidant, Phytochemical, Phenolic compounds, Ricegrass, Wheatgrass

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Extracts of Emmer Wheatgrass Grown with Distilled Water, Salinity or Selenium Differently Affect Germination and Cytosolic Ca2+ of Maize Pollen

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 633

Author(s):

Alberto Marco Del Pino ◽

Beatrice Falcinelli ◽

Roberto D’Amato ◽

Daniela Businelli ◽

Paolo Benincasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Biological Response ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Agonist Activity ◽

Maize Pollen

In this work, the biological activity of emmer (Triticum turgidum L. spp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Shubler) Thell.) wheatgrass extracts obtained from grains sprouted with distilled water, or salinity (50 mM) or selenium (45 mg L−1 of Na2SeO3), was tested through an experimental biological model based on the germination and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis of maize pollen grains. The effects of thapsigargin (TG) and of four phenolic acids (PAs: ferulic, coumaric, salicylic and 3-HO benzoic) on maize pollen were also tested as controls. Wheatgrass extracts influenced both pollen cytosolic Ca2+ and germination. The Ca2+ agonist activity of emmer wheatgrass was transient, different from that of TG, which caused a depletion of the stored Ca2+ and a permanent alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis. The results obtained with extracts compared to those obtained with pure PAs suggest that PAs in unconjugated forms, which are known to be well represent in emmer wheatgrass, contribute to the biological activity of extracts. The extent of the biological response of emmer wheatgrass extracts was influenced by emmer sprouting conditions (i.e., distilled water, or salinity or selenium). Maize pollen treated with Se-enriched wheatgrass extracts showed a less perturbed cytosolic Ca2+ and a higher germination rate.

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Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1142

Author(s):

Alena Vollmannová ◽

Janette Musilová ◽

Judita Lidiková ◽

Július Árvay ◽

Marek Šnirc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Common Buckwheat ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances.

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Effects of Drying Methods on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Potentials of Phenolic Acids in Lovage Elicited by Jasmonic Acid and Yeast Extract

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 662

Author(s):

Urszula Złotek ◽

Sławomir Lewicki ◽

Anna Markiewicz ◽

Urszula Szymanowska ◽

Anna Jakubczyk

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Epithelial Cell Line ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Simulated Digestion ◽

Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inhibition Ability

The study presents the effect of drying methods (traditional, convection, microwave, and freeze-drying) on the content and bioactivity (determined as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative potential) of potentially bioavailable fractions of phenolic acids contained in lovage elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and yeast extract (YE) and in untreated control leaves. The highest amount of syringic acid was recorded in the convectionally dried lovage samples, while ethanolic extracts from lyophilized lovage had the highest content of protocatechuic and caffeic acids. The drying method significantly influenced the tested properties only in some cases. The traditional drying resulted in lower antioxidant potential, while convectional drying caused a reduction of the lipoxygenase inhibition ability of the samples after simulated digestion. Samples containing the control and elicited lovage leaves dried with convectional and traditional methods exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against a prostate cancer epithelial cell line.

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Establishing Relationship between Vitamins, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities in Various Honey Types

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4399

Author(s):

Norhasnida Zawawi ◽

Pei Juin Chong ◽

Nurul Nadhirah Mohd Tom ◽

Nurkhairina Solehah Saiful Anuar ◽

Salma Malihah Mohammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Honey is a well-known natural sweetener and is rich in natural antioxidants that prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is responsible for many human diseases. Some of the biochemical compounds in honey that contribute to this property are vitamins and phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the extent to which these molecules contribute towards the antioxidant capacity in vitro is inconsistently reported, especially with the different analytical methods used, as well as other extrinsic factors that influence these molecules’ availability. Therefore, by reviewing recently published works correlating the vitamin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in honey with its antioxidant activities in vitro, this paper will establish a relationship between these parameters. Based on the literature, vitamins do not contribute to honey’s antioxidant capacity; however, the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids has an impact on honey’s antioxidant activity.

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Chemical Composition, Production of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Coffee Cultivars Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Bacterial Halo Blight

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1915

Author(s):

Joyce Alves Goulart da Silva ◽

Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽

Ingridy Simone Ribeiro ◽

Adriene Ribeiro Lima ◽

Luiz Roberto Marques Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Halo Blight ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Coffee production is one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil, and several coffee cultivars with disease resistance have already been developed. The secondary metabolites produced by plants are closely associated with defense strategies, and the resistance of coffee cultivars to bacterial halo blight (BHB) can be related to these compounds. Therefore, this study aims to compare a partially resistant coffee cultivar (Iapar-59) and a susceptible cultivar (Mundo Novo 376/4) to BHB (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in relation to the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts. In addition, this study determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic profiles of the Iapar-59 leaf extracts of plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae. The Iapar-59 extract showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the Mundo Novo 376/4 extract. Both cultivars contained gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids; however, the highest contents were quantified in the Iapar-59 cultivar. The leaf extracts from the Iapar-59 cultivar exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Higher concentrations of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids and the presence of vanillin were detected in the extract of cultivar Iapar-59 inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae.

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