scholarly journals Lactobacillus and Its Probiotic Role in the Digestive and Nutritional Processes of Pigs: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tello ◽  
L. Flores ◽  
J. Usca ◽  
I. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Keywords Probiotics ◽  
El Sistema

The activity of a probiotic is dependent on the strain’s ability to confer health benefits to the host through oral consumption of viable cells. The main objective of this study was to carry out a review about the importance of Lactobacillus and its probiotic role in the digestive and nutritional processes of pigs. The study focused on seven strains of Lactobacillus and their varied uses in feeding different categories of pigs. We obtained a clear conceptualization of Lactobacillus’ effect on the immune system, its genome and how it is used in probiotic drinks. Based on the results, we can conclude that the use of Lactobacillus improves swine health and nutrition, making it a viable alternative to replace the indiscriminate use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Keywords: probiotics, antibiotics, digestive process, endogenous species, pig categories. RESUMEN La habilidad de un probiótico está en dependencia de la capacidad de la cepa de conferir beneficios de salud al hospedador mediante el consuno oral de células viables. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal realizar una aproximación conceptual de varios autores acerca de la importancia de los Lactobacillus y su papel probiótico en el proceso digestivo y nutricional en cerdos. Para ello, se hizo necesario realizar una profusa búsqueda, selección y procesamiento de las más prominentes fuentes bibliográficas, que tratan sobre este tema. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre 7 cepas de Lactobacillus y sus diferentes formas de uso en la alimentación de las diferentes categorías porcinas; obteniéndose entre los principales resultados una clara conceptualización de la acción de los Lactobacillus en el sistema inmunológico, genoma y el modo de utilización en bebidas probióticas. A modo de conclusión, se puede mencionar que la totalidad de los autores citados concuerdan que la utilización de Lactobacillus mejora fundamentalmente la sanidad y nutrición porcina, convirtiéndose en la alternativa más viable para remplazar el uso indiscriminado de los antibióticos como promotores de crecimiento. Palabras claves: probióticos, antibióticos, proceso digestivo, especies endógenas, categorías porcinas.

scholarly journals Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽  
Birsen Yılmaz ◽  
Duygu Ağagündüz ◽  
Raffaele Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Immune System Modulation ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

scholarly journals Prevalencia, causas y tratamiento de la depresión mayor

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsy Arlene Pérez-Padilla ◽  
Víctor Manuel Cervantes-Ramírez ◽  
Nayeli Alejandra Hijuelos-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Pineda-Cortes ◽  
Humberto Salgado-Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
El Sistema

ResumenLa depresión mayor representa un problema de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia. La etiología de la depresión es compleja, en ella intervienen factores psicosociales, genéticos, y biológicos. Entre los factores psicosociales, se ha observado que los primeros episodios depresivos aparecen después de algún evento estresante, y el estrés que acompaña al primer episodio produce cambios a largo plazo en la fisiología cerebral. Estos cambios de larga duración pueden producir variaciones a nivel estructural y en el funcionamiento de diferentes áreas cerebrales. Entre los factores genéticos que intervienen en la enfermedad depresiva, se ha reportado que alrededor de 200 genes están relacionados con el trastorno depresivo mayor. Dentro de los factores biológicos, existen evidencias de alteraciones a nivel de neurotransmisores, citosinas y hormonas, cuyas acciones inducen modificaciones estructurales y funcionales en el sistema nervioso central, en el sistema inmunológico y en el sistema endocrino, que incrementan el riesgo de padecer la depresión mayor. A pesar de años de estudio, las bases biológicas de la depresión mayor y el mecanismo preciso de la eficacia antidepresiva siguen siendo poco claras. Los objetivos de la presente revisión son el resumir las principales conclusiones de la literatura clínica y experimental en relación con la etiología del trastorno depresivo mayor.Palabras claveDepresión mayor, neurotransmisores, neuroplasticidad, serotonina, norepinefrina, sistema inmune. AbstractMajor depression represents a public health problem due to its high prevalence. The etiology of major depression is complex because involves psychosocial, genetic, and biological factors. Among psychosocial factors, different studies report that the first depressive episode appear after some stressful event and produces long-term changes in brain physiology. These long-lasting changes produce variations at the structural level and in the functioning of different brain areas. Among the genetic factors involved in depressive illness, it has been reported that about 200 genes are related to major depressive disorder. Within the biological factors, there is an evidence of alterations in the level of neurotransmitters, cytosine’s and hormones, whose actions induces structural and functional modifications in the central nervous system, the immune system and the endocrine system, which increases the risk of suffering major depression. Despite years of study, the biological basis of major depression and precise mechanisms of antidepressant efficacy remain unclear. The objective of the present review is to summarize the main conclusions of the clinical and experimental literature regarding to the etiology of major depressive disorder.Key wordsMajor depression, neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, serotonin, norepinephrine, immune system.

scholarly journals TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: A MAGICAL WAND WITH IMMENSE MEDICINAL APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Arora
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Hiv Aids

Tinospora cordifolia, a herb with a potential of boosting the immune system of a person is fully packed with nutrition be it carbohydrates, vitamin C, protein, fat, bioactive phytochemicals etc which one can have for relieving the person from illness and providing significant health benefits. When it comes to healthy herbs and plants Tinospora cordifolia never fails as a choice to cure the diseases and the symptoms associated with it. It helps in the treatment and management of diabetes, cancer, HIV-AIDS, toxicity from aflatoxins, osteoporosis, inflammation, leprosy, arthritis etc by the helps of various phytochemicals present in it. Alkaloids like Tinocordiside, Palmatine, Magnoflorine helps in cancer, syringin works as a great anti-allergen, magnoflorine as an anti-inflammatory etc.

scholarly journals Xylitol’s Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Salli ◽  
Markus J. Lehtinen ◽  
Kirsti Tiihonen ◽  
Arthur C. Ouwehand
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.

scholarly journals Utility of Vajikarana in General Health- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Anusree Dileep ◽  
Sreelekshmi.S ◽  
Vandana Rani M ◽  
Delvin.T.Robin ◽  
Meera.S
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
General Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Online Journals ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Final Manuscript

Objective: Vajikarana or Vrishya chikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda dealing with reproductive health and virility. Though this branch makes use of drugs under the category of aphrodisiac, the multifaceted effect of those is underexplored. The properties of disease prevention and restoration of health might be the attribute benefited in sexual health too. This paper intends to explore the general health benefits of Vajikarana drugs. Materials and Methods:  Data related to the aphrodisiac drugs are located in classical texts of Ayurveda and online journals with keywords “Vajikarana, Ayurveda, aphrodisiacs, neuro-endocrine immune system, Vrishya chiktsa, Ojas and sex hormones”. The relevant scripts were selected and appropriate data from 8 articles and 18 chapters were extracted for the final manuscript construction. Results: The drugs like Ashwgandha, Shatavari, Atmagupta, Sweta musali and Masha proved to have a neuro-endocrinological effects, psycho-neuro-immunological effects, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties apart from aphrodisiac effects. It stabilizes Tridosha, Saptadathu and eventually Ojas, and calms mental faculties. Conclusion: The proper use of the Vajikarana formulations imparts qualities like good physique, potency, strength, and complexion. This benefits of Vajikarana can be incorporated into other health conditions also. The practice of Vajikarana corrects the deformities of reproductive systems and in turn balances other body functions. Advanced research on the health benefits and enhancing sexual potency of women should be carried out on Vajikarana therapy. This will aid prevention of diseases which is a major health standpoint in the current day scenario.

scholarly journals Maternal Prenatal Microbiome and Infant’s Immune System at the Origins of the Development of Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Naranjo Logroño ◽  
Leslie Gricel Cuzco Macías ◽  
Alison Tamara Ruiz Chico ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
First Year ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The human microbiome refers to the presence of microorganisms that live with its host. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the maternal perinatal microbiome and the development of the infant’s immune system, at the origins of the development of health and disease. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, including those controlled and randomized clinical trials focused on the relationship of the prenatal maternal microbiome and the infant’s immune system. And all those works whose approach was different from the topic raised were excluded. Discussion: 20 min after birth, the microbiome of newborns by vaginal delivery resembles the microbiota of their mother’s vagina, while those born by caesarean section house microbial communities that are usually found in human skin. The acquisition of the microbiome continues during the first years of life, with a microbiome of the baby’s gastrointestinal tract beginning to resemble that of an adult from the first year of life. Conclusion: Bacteria are microorganisms that have managed to colonize the vast majority of land surfaces, showing great adaptability. The human being is not indifferent, and hypotheses have been raised that affirm his participation in the development of health and the onset of the disease. Keywords: microbiota, inmune system, infant nutritional physiological phenomena. RESUMEN Introducción: El microbioma humano se refiere a la presencia de microorganismos que conviven con su hospedero. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre el microbioma materno perinatal y el desarrollo del sistema inmune del lactante, en los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, donde se incluyeron aquellos ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados enfocados en la relación del microbioma materno prenatal y el sistema inmune del lactante. Y se excluyeron todos aquellos trabajos cuyo enfoque fue diferente al tema planteado. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 fuentes bibliográficas, de las cuales se incluyeron 53 artículos que contenían la información relacionada al tema y publicados en los últimos 11 años. Discusión: 20 min después del nacimiento, el microbioma de los recién nacidos por parto vaginal se asemeja a la microbiota de la vagina de su madre, mientras que los nacidos por cesárea albergan comunidades microbianas que generalmente se encuentran en la piel humana. La adquisición del microbioma continúa durante los primeros años de vida, con un el microbioma del tracto gastrointestinal del bebé comienza a parecerse al de un adulto desde el primer año de vida. Conclusiones: Las bacterias, son microorganismos que han logrado colonizar la gran mayoría de las superficies terrestres, mostrando una gran capacidad de adaptación. El ser humano, no es indiferente, y se han planteado hipótesis que aseveran su participación en el desarrollo de la salud e inicio de la enfermedad. Palabras clave: microbiota, sistema inmunológico, fenómenos fisiológicos nutricionales del lactante.

scholarly journals The potential use of some spices as immunity booster

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Gamal AH Zaharan ◽  
Shams SR Omima ◽  
Hanan A. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
High Light ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Potential Use

Spices are normally used for flavor to make food aromatic, hot, savory and sweet. Spices not only add aroma to the food but also give a lot of health benefits and nutritional values. Some of the spices used in Egypt are cinnamon, cumin, turmeric, black cumin etc. Many people do not know the importance of spices and its effect on the immune system. The main aim is to high light the role of commonly used spices on immunity. In this review we list some bakery products that use some spices and can be used to improve the immunity of humans.

scholarly journals The Role of Arginine in Disease Prevention, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Growth Performance and the Immune System of Broiler Chicken – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Harry A. Aguzey ◽  
Zhenhua Gao ◽  
Wu Haohao ◽  
Cheng Guilan ◽  
Wu Zhengmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Immune System Modulation

AbstractThe effect of dietary arginine on disease prevention, immune system modulation, the gut micro-biota composition and growth of broiler chicken was reviewed. The main aim of poultry production is the maximization of profit at the least possible cost. This objective can mainly be achieved by ensuring that there is no interference in growth or disease outbreak and by feeding chicken with the best possible level of nutrients. With the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, attention is shifted towards other nutrition methods to prevent diseases and promote growth. More attention is therefore given to protein diets in animal nutrition due to their importance as essential part of active biological compounds in the body, assisting in the breakdown of body tissue and helping in the physiological processes of the animal. Arginine plays important function in serving as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides. It performs other roles during the regulation of important biochemical functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Arginine cannot be synthesized by the body so it has to be supplemented in the diet. When arginine is supplemented above the recommended level, the gut mucosa is protected, immunosuppression is alleviated, diseases like necrotic enteritis, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis in broiler chickens are prevented. There is an improvement in growth resulting from the increase in intestinal absorption, barrier function and microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response to Improve Health and Reduce Foodborne Pathogens in Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Swaggerty ◽  
Todd Callaway ◽  
Michael Kogut ◽  
Andrea Piva ◽  
Ester Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Production Animals

Salmonella and Campylobacter are the two leading causes of bacterial-induced foodborne illness in the US. Food production animals including cattle, swine, and chickens are transmission sources for both pathogens. The number of Salmonella outbreaks attributed to poultry has decreased. However, the same cannot be said for Campylobacter where 50–70% of human cases result from poultry products. The poultry industry selects heavily on performance traits which adversely affects immune competence. Despite increasing demand for poultry, regulations and public outcry resulted in the ban of antibiotic growth promoters, pressuring the industry to find alternatives to manage flock health. One approach is to incorporate a program that naturally enhances/modulates the bird’s immune response. Immunomodulation of the immune system can be achieved using a targeted dietary supplementation and/or feed additive to alter immune function. Science-based modulation of the immune system targets ways to reduce inflammation, boost a weakened response, manage gut health, and provide an alternative approach to prevent disease and control foodborne pathogens when conventional methods are not efficacious or not available. The role of immunomodulation is just one aspect of an integrated, coordinated approach to produce healthy birds that are also safe and wholesome products for consumers.

Microbioma en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Cipatli Ayuzo del Valle ◽  
◽  
Laura Leticia Zavala ◽  
Brenda Ayuzo ◽  
Victoria Villafuerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Microbiome Research

Introduction: eating disorders are serious illnesses with genetic and neurobiological bases where the main organs affected are the gastrointestinal tract and the neurologic system making important the role of the microbiome. Objectives: summarize the results of the latest microbiome research that could be future tools in the management of eating disorders. Materials and methods: umbrella review of pubmed publications in humans of the last 10 years regarding microbiome and eating disorders. Results: since the discovery of the microbiome and the function on the cerebral-intestinal axis, through pathways such as vagal nerve, neurotransmitters and immune system, related to symptoms presented on anorexic patients. Conclusions: psychobiotics, live organisms that when ingested in adequate amounts produce health benefits in patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses are the new topic of future research in eating disorders.

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