scholarly journals Risk Factors Analysis of Malaria Transmission at Cross-Boundaries Area in Menoreh Hills, Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki ◽  
Solikhah Solikhah ◽  
Siwi Pramatama M Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Background: Risk factors of Malaria transmission at cross-boundaries area is important to be identified. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Malaria transmission at cross-boundaries area in Menoreh Hills, Java, Indonesia. Methods: The design of the study was an observational study with a case-control design. Data on malaria cases and controls were obtained from the Primary Health Care in Menoreh. All malaria positive patients with clinical and laboratory examinations recorded in health services during 1 Jan 2015-31 Dec 2015. Overall, 138 cases and 138 controls were included. Several variables were collected such as altitude, night out behavior, the use of mosquito nets, nighttime bed, travel history, mosquito bite prevention activities, cattle ownership, distance to mosquito breeding site, etc. Data were obtained by structured questionnaires and observation. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate Results: The altitude of house >500 m above sea level proved to be influential as a risk factor for Malaria (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.61-8.16, P=0.002). Several variables were identified as a risk factor of Malaria such as the wall of the house from bamboo/wood, no insecticide and distance of house <100 m from mosquito breeding site. Conclusion: An awareness for the local health sector particularly to provide a recommendation for house construction to protect a community from Malaria transmission.

scholarly journals Older children are at increased risk of Plasmodium vivax in south-central Ethiopia: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taye Gari ◽  
Tarekegn Solomon ◽  
Bernt Lindtjørn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Abstract Background Better understanding of the distribution of Plasmodium vivax and its risk factors could be used to prevent and control malaria infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the distribution and risk factors of P. vivax, and to compare them with Plasmodium falciparum occurrence in south-central Ethiopia. Methods A cohort of 34,548 individuals were followed for 121 weeks between 2014 and 2016 as part of larger cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria prevention in Ethiopia. Weekly home visit (active search) and patient self- report to health post (passive search) between the weekly home visits were used to register malaria cases. A blood sample was collected by finger prick and malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson model that accounts for repeated measure of malaria episodes was applied to assess the risk factors of P. vivax episode. Results The overall incidence rate of P. vivax was 7.4 episodes per 1000 person-years of observation. The study showed households closer to the lake Zeway and Bulbula river (potential mosquito breeding sites) were more at risk of P. vivax infection (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.33; 95% CI = 1.23–1.45). Furthermore, the age group under 5 years (IRR: 1.40, 95% CI = 1.10–1.79), the age group 5–14 years (IRR: 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03–1.57), households with less educated household head (IRR: 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.44) and house roof made of thatch/leaf (IRR: 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.65) were at higher risk for P. vivax. Similar explanatory variables such as distance from the breeding sites, age group (under 5 years but not 5–14 years old), educational status and type of housing were also found to be the predictors of P. falciparum incidence. Conclusion Households living closer to a mosquito breeding site, age group under 15 years, less educated household heads and thatch/leaf roof housing were the risk factor for P. vivax. The result of this study can be used for tailored interventions for malaria control and prevention by prioritizing those living close to potential mosquito breeding site, enhancing bed net use of children less than 15 years of age, and improving housing.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF THE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES IN INDONESIA: A DATA ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA BASIC HEALTH RESEARCH (RISKESDAS) 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Tati Suryati ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Basic Health

Background: The Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is leading in the world as a number one cause of death.  Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) part of CVDs which is often also called coronary artery disease.Objective: The purpose this study is to know the risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Indonesia, 2013.Methods: The risk assessment analyzes was used to exam the risk factor IHD around 721,427 people from data of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2013 in Indonesia.Results: The finding of this study was former smoker (Adj. OR= 4.09, 95% C.I=3.78-4.43), hypertension (Adj. OR= 3.80, 95% C.I=3.60-4.10), obesity (Adj. OR= 1.96, 95% C.I=1.84-2.08), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (Adj. OR= 0.70, 95% C.I=0.57-0.87), and low physical activity (Adj. OR= 1.14, 95% C.I=1.06-1.23) are risk factor of IHD in Indonesia, 2013.Conclusion: The central, regional, and even village level special attention have a need for reducing IHD. Cross-program and sector collaboration are also needed collaboration with NGOs and the private sector to control risk factors outside the health sector and improve the environment.

scholarly journals Risk factors for pertussis in adults and teenagers in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. WENSLEY ◽  
G. J. HUGHES ◽  
H. CAMPBELL ◽  
G. AMIRTHALINGAM ◽  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Professional Contact

SUMMARYPertussis is a vaccine-preventable respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis which can be fatal in infants. Although high vaccine coverage led to prolonged disease control in England, a national outbreak of pertussis in 2011 led to the largest increase in over two decades, including a marked increase in cases aged ⩾15 years. A case-control study in four regions of England was undertaken to investigate risk factors for pertussis in adolescents and adults, specifically employment type and professional and household contact with children. Pertussis cases were laboratory-confirmed and aged ⩾15 years. Controls were recruited through general practitioner nomination. Demographic and risk factor information were collected using an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate independent associations with outcome. Two hundred and thirty-one cases and 190 controls were recruited. None of the four employment variables (social care, education, health sector, patient contact) were significantly associated with pertussis. Professional contact with children aged < 1 year was associated with a significantly reduced odds of pertussis [odds ratio (OR) 0·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·08–0·78, P = 0·017]. Household contact with ⩾1 child aged 10–14 years was associated with significantly increased odds of pertussis (OR 2·61, 95% CI 1·47–4·64, P = 0·001). Occupational contact with very young children was associated with reduced odds of pertussis, probably due to immune boosting by low-level exposures to B. pertussis. Sharing a household with a young adolescent was a significant risk factor for pertussis in adults and older teenagers. The primary focus of the childhood pertussis vaccination programmes is to prevent infant disease. Although evidence is emerging that adolescent vaccination does not provide indirect protection to infants, our results highlight the importance of children aged 10–14 years in pertussis transmission to older adolescents and adults.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Perilaku dan Lingkungan dalam Penularan Malaria di Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Timur

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Wiwik Trapsilowati ◽  
Aryani Pujiyanti ◽  
K. Sekar Negari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Malaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including parasites, human, mosquito and environment. In 2009, slide positive rate (SPR) in Puskesmas Aji Kuning, Sungai Nyamuk and Setabu in Sebatik Island were identified as amount 63,61%, 28,04% and 30,12% respectively, while the target malaria pre-elimination SPR < 5%. The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral and environmental risk factors of malaria transmission. This is a cross sectional study and the number of sample were 101 respondents. The results showed that there was significant association between the habit of using mosquito nets, the habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others, the respondent's house near breeding mosquitoes habitats and the respondent’s house near the cocoa/coffee plantation with the occurrence of malaria cases. Relative risk (RR) value were 2,0, 2,3, 2,9 and 1,7, respectively. Behavioral risk factors of malaria transmission were the habit of using a mosquito nets and habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others. Environmental risk of malaria transmission were the house near mosquito breeding habitats, and the house near the cocoa and coffee plantation.

scholarly journals Older Children are at Increased Risk of Plasmodium Vivax in South-Central Ethiopia: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taye Gari ◽  
Bernt Lindtjørn ◽  
Tarekegn Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
South Central ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Abstract Introduction: Better understanding of the distribution of Plasmodium vivax and its risk factors could be used to prevent and control malaria infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the distribution and risk factors of P. vivax, and to compare them with P. falciparum occurrence in south-central Ethiopia.Methods: A cohort of 34,548 individuals were followed for 121weeks between 2014 and 2016 as part of larger cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria prevention in Ethiopia. Weekly home visit (active search) and patient self- report to health post (passive search) between the weekly home visits were used to register malaria cases. A blood sample was collected by finger prick and malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson model that accounts for repeated measure of malaria episodes was applied to assess the risk factors of P. vivax episode. Results: The overall incidence rate of P. vivax was7.4 episodes per 1,000 person-years of observation. The study showed households closer to the lake Zeway and Bulbula river (potential mosquito breeding sites) were more at risk of P. vivax infection (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.33; 95% CI = 1.23 –1.45). Furthermore, the age group under 5 years (IRR: 1.40, 95% CI=1.10 –1.79), the age group 5-14 years (IRR: 1.27, 95% CI=1.03 –1.57) and households with less educated household head (IRR: 1.63, 95% CI=1.10 –2.44), house roof made of thatch/leaf (IRR: 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11 -1.65) were at higher risk for P. vivax. Similar explanatory variables such as distance from the breeding sites, age group (under 5 years but not 5-14 years old), educational status and type of housing were also found to be the predictors of P. falciparum incidence. Conclusion: Household living closer to a mosquito breeding site, age group under 15 years, less educated household heads and thatch/leaf roof housing were the risk factor for P.vivax. The result of this study can be used for tailored interventions for malaria control and prevention by prioritizing those living close to potential mosquito breeding site, enhancing bed net use of children less than 15 years of age, and improving housing.

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

Risk Factors of Collateralized Loan Obligations and Corporate Bonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Mark Wahrenburg ◽  
Andreas Barth ◽  
Mohammad Izadi ◽  
Anas Rahhal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Corporate Bonds ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Yield Spreads ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Return Difference

AbstractStructured products like collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) tend to offer significantly higher yield spreads than corporate bonds (CBs) with the same rating. At the same time, empirical evidence does not indicate that this higher yield is reduced by higher default losses of CLOs. The evidence thus suggests that CLOs offer higher expected returns compared to CB with similar credit risk. This study aims to analyze whether this return difference is captured by asset pricing factors. We show that market risk is the predominant risk factor for both CBs and CLOs. CLO investors, however, additionally demand a premium for their risk exposure towards systemic risk. This premium is inversely related to the rating class of the CLO.

Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Stevenson ◽  
Sophia Tsiligiannis ◽  
Nick Panay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease, and particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), has a low incidence in premenopausal women. Loss of ovarian hormones during the perimenopause and menopause leads to a sharp increase in incidence. Although most CHD risk factors are common to both men and women, the menopause is a unique additional risk factor for women. Sex steroids have profound effects on many CHD risk factors. Their loss leads to adverse changes in lipids and lipoproteins, with increases being seen in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. There is a reduction in insulin secretion and elimination, but increases in insulin resistance eventually result in increasing circulating insulin levels. There are changes in body fat distribution with accumulation in central and visceral fat which links to the other adverse metabolic changes. There is an increase in the incidence of hypertension and of type 2 diabetes mellitus, both major risk factors for CHD. Oestrogens have potent effects on blood vessels and their loss leads to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. All of these changes result from loss of ovarian function contributing to the increased development of CHD. Risk factor assessment in perimenopausal women is recommended, thereby permitting the timely introduction of lifestyle, hormonal and therapeutic interventions to modify or reverse these adverse changes.

Surviving “Risk Factor Frenzy”: The Perils of Incorrectly Applying Epidemiological Research in Health Education and Promotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I. Robison ◽  
Gregory Kline
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Lifestyle Change ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Education And Promotion

In health education and promotion, “risk factors” for disease gathered from epidemiological research form the basis from which the majority of recommendations to individuals for lifestyle change are made. Unfortunately, many health practitioners are unaware that this type of research was never intended to be applied to individuals. The result is ongoing public confusion and anxiety concerning health recommendations and a loss of credibility for health professionals. This article: 1) briefly reviews the most commonly encountered limitations inherent in epidemiological research; 2) explores the problems and potential negative consequences of incorrectly applying epidemiological research in health education and promotion; and 3) makes recommendations to help health practitioners more skillfully interpret and incorporate into their work findings from epidemiological research.

Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of diabetes mellitus among the Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Muhammad H Mujammami ◽  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim AlJabri ◽  
Ahmad Alhumaidi Alanazi ◽  
Sultan Sayyaf Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: High prevalence of undiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the last two decades, most patients with DM only become aware of their condition once they develop a complication. Limited data are available regarding the knowledge and awareness about DM and the associated risk factors, complications and management in Saudi society. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge of DM in general Saudi society and among Saudi healthcare workers. Results: Only 37.3% of the participants were aware of the current DM prevalence. Obesity was the most frequently identified risk factor for DM. Most comparisons indicated better awareness among health workers. Conclusion: A significant lack of knowledge about DM in Saudi society was identified. Social media and educational curriculum can improve knowledge and awareness of DM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document