scholarly journals SVIATOSLAV KARAVANSKYI: THE PROBLEM OF SPELLING AND LEXICOGRAPHIC CODIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
I. D. Farion
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Political Figure

Purpose and tasks. The purpose is to actualize the linguistic heritage of S. Karavanskyi as a basis for further prescriptive linguistic research. Among the tasks is the analysis of spelling and lexicographic codification in the works of a linguist. The object of our study is the linguistic heritage of Sviatoslav Karavanskyi, who after more than 30 years of Moscow-Stalin concentration camps and 37 years of American emigration carried, preserved and motivated the specific linguistic norm of the constantly destroyed Ukrainian language and its native speakers. The subject of our research is spelling and lexicographic codification of the first third of the XX-XXI century in the works of S. Karavanskyi. When processing the material, we use the analytical and descriptive method. Conclusions and prospects of the study. Spelling issues in the works of S. Karavanskyi have a substantiated ideological basis, which is to reflect the spelling of specific rather than assimilative (“destructive”) features caused by the occupation and totalitarian regime of the 30-80s of the XX century. Spelling assimilation and the necessity to remove it is to change the phonetic-morphological and syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language, in particular phonetic, morphological, word-formation and syntactic changes. The lexicographic codification of the linguist is evidenced by his two fundamental works: “Practical Dictionary of Synonyms of the Ukrainian Language” and “RussianUkrainian Dictionary of Complex Vocabulary”. The main methodological basis for compiling these dictionaries is the specificity of Ukrainian vocabulary in its resistance to codification in dictionaries of “pseudo-language” imposed on Ukrainians during the ethnocide policy and exposing Soviet lexicography as the main “tool of Ukrainian linguicide”. Among the prospects of our study is a holistic linguistic and political portrait of a linguist and socio-political figure.

scholarly journals SAMMANSÄTTNINGAR I SPRÅKRÅDETS NYORDSLISTOR: PRODUKTIVITET OCH FÖRSTÅELIGHET

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Natalia Kołaczek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
New Words ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Compounding seems to be the most productive word formation process in Swedish on the basis of “new words’ lists” (Swedish: nyordslistor) registered by the Language Council of Sweden (Svenska Språkrådet). The subject of the research was the productiveness of compounds and their comprehensibility for the native speakers. The material for the corpus analysis showing the productivity of compounds consisted of 353 compound words from the lists from years 2000 – 2012. With help of a survey where pupils from a secondary school in Tingsryd in Småland were asked to define 17 compounds from “new words’ list” 2008 a conclusion could be drawn that compound words are short-lived, ephemeral constructions. The analysis has shown the big pace of changes that the lexicon undergoes and the linguistic creativity of language users as well as their strong need to create new terms. The results can evoke questions about the effectiveness of communication in relation to the features of new words. The article is based on my unpublished master’s thesis.

Putting some order into morphology: reflections on Rice (2000) and Stump (2001) Keren Rice, Morpheme order and semantic scope: word formation in the Athapaskan verb (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 90). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+453. Gregory T. Stump, Inflectional morphology: a theory of paradigm structure (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 93). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xvi+308.

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SPENCER
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Scope

This article reviews two important recent contributions to the theory of morphology, which take significantly different approaches to the subject. Both are centrally concerned with questions of morphotactics. Rice argues that morpheme order in Athapaskan is largely the consequence of universal principles of semantic scope (coded as syntactic structure). Stump argues for a conception of inflection based on the paradigm. There is virtually no overlap between the two books, yet each raises questions that are of great significance for the other. In this review I briefly evaluate each book and then sketch the possibility of a synthesis.

scholarly journals Publikasi Bentuk Fungsi dan Kategori SintaksisTuturan Masyarakat Manduro sebagai Pendukung Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Diana Mayasari ◽  
Nanda Riski Ardhana
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Descriptive Method

Researchers assume that with the publication of the speech is expected to be useful especially for teachers and employees in Manduro Elementary in language development through language transmission. The purpose of this research is to describe the syntactic structure of Manduro public utterance in Manduro Village, Kabuh Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, covering syntactic functions and categories. Qualitative descriptive method used in this research. With the subject of research is the device of Manduro Village. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the aim of taking the device of each hamlet contained in Manduro Village. The researcher is the main instrument assisted by the Swadesh Morris questionnaire. Triangulation is used as a test of data validity. The researchers used inductive analysis techniques. The results obtained in this study are syntactic functions consisting of subjects, predicates, objects, descriptions and appendices that categorized nouns, verbs, and adjectives and adverbs. Based on the results of the research, the syntactic structure of public utterance of Manduro has a universality with the syntactic structure of Indonesian and Javanese, only the structures used are not structural. This is because the sentence is a nonformal speech. The results of this study are expected to be used as a supporter of early childhood language development in Manduro Elementary School through the role of teachers in language learning by using examples and communication with students outside the lesson with the manduro language. Thus language learning occurs in a natural context so that the language of the community is not increasingly experiencing shifts and extinctions as well as in the teaching of syntax and as a ruler of language rules in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as a part of speech

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Zera Asanova
Keyword(s):  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Past ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Descriptive Method

The subject of this article is the examination theoretical approaches towards studying adjective as a part of speech, since the description of this lexical and grammatical group in the Crimean Tatar linguistics is incomplete. The aim goal consists in tracing the origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as an independent part of speech. This linguistic research is based on the descriptive method. Methodological framework is comprised of the fundamental writing of prominent scholars: O. Jespersen, A. Potebnja, V. V. Vinogradov, A. M. Shcherbak, D. N. Shmelyov, and others. As a result, it was determined that the the word is attributed to a particular part of speech is in accordance with the scripted rules introduced by the linguists in the past. Languages and methods of their research have undergone significant changes. Accentuation of adjective among the parts of speech was related to the logical separation of the characteristic of thing from itself, on the level of understanding self-sufficiency of the characteristic as an empirical phenomenon, and the existence of special adjective words as names of quality. The acquired results and materials can be applied in basic and specialized educational courses on theoretical and practical grammar of the modern Crimean Tatar language in the section of “Morphology”.

scholarly journals CAMP DAILY ROUTINE OF UKRAINIAN PROFESSORS-HUMANITARIANS: BAMLAG

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bon
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Environment

The Ukrainian humanitarian intellectuals became the object of the totalitarian regime repressions at the end of 1920–1930s. Ordinary social conditions of cultural life centers changed drastically. Even harsher conditions waited for the repressed humanitarian intellectuals — the conditions of Stalin’s GULAG prisons, concentration camps, and an exile. The survival strategies at GULAG’s extreme conditions had many differences and yet had common features. The subject matter of this article is an daily routine of the Ukrainian humanitarian intellectuals in 1930s. The objective of this research is to reflect upon the everyday life of well-known Ukrainian scientists, professorshumanitarians Stephan Taranushenko, Vasyl Dubriovskyi, Dmytro Gordieiev, and Vsevolod Zummer, who at different times were connected to Kyiv and its scientific environment. They met at BAMLAG (Urulha, Svobodniy) — where they were constructing the Baukal-Amur highway and two ways of Transsyb. Social transformations in the concentration camp had a sweeping character. But the Ukrainian humanitarians worked hard, under the psychological and ideological pressure, to the extent possible were doing art as well. The humanitarians of those days were forced to show their loyalty to the totalitarian regime. The sources for this paper are not only Vasyl Dubrovskyi’s memorials of concentration camp but also the documents and memoirs of Ivan Chystyakov, who at that time was a commander of BAMLAG security division. It was reflected how the prisoners were forced to a more productive work. The camp administration used food and the early release conditions to achieve that. The conclusion was the next — the Ukrainian professors managed to survive and left BAMLAG before the date due.

Rasmus Kristian Rasks Konzeption Einer Welthilfssprache

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Heribert Rück ◽  
Alicja Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Grammatical Structures

Summary Apart from his numerous works in comparative linguistics, Rasmus Kristian Rask (1787–1832) is also the author of a manuscript in which he sets forth in detail his conception of a universal auxiliary language. Written during 1819–1820, this 72-page treatise, entitled Optegnelser til en Pasigraphie, has been neglected by linguistic research up to the present, in part because it remained in manuscript form. Rask’s draft of a planned language is divided into three sections: (1) The grammatical system and basic vocabulary; (2) numerous examples of word-formation, morphology etc. and (3) samples of texts. Rask deplores the waste of energy resulting from the multiplicity of languages in international communication. In his opinion, many intellectual achievements are lost or cannot be further developed owing to lack of exchange facilities. Instead of having to learn words and structures, people should be placed in a position to tackle the subject matter. The practical aim of linguistic studies should therefore be the creation of an international means of communication to be used in the field of science as well as in every-day life. Important postulates of such a conception would be: improved learnability by means of simplification of grammatical structures, consistency in word-formation and easy articulation for people of different language communities. To conform to these aims, Rask decided to create a system mainly on the basis of romance languages, i.e., Latin, Spanish, French and Portugese, complemented by Greek and English. Rask’s essay presents a hitherto unknown type of planned language, commonly described as ‘naturalistic’. Whereas other aposterioric systems like Esperanto give priority to regularity and logic and are therefore called ‘autonomous’, Rask tries to remain faithful to the results of historical evolution. In that respect, Rask’s project resembles Otto Jespersen’s ‘Novial’, which was to be conceived a century later.

scholarly journals LEXICAL NOMINATION AS A REFLECTION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE IN OLD ENGLISH SEAFARING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Natalia Atnabayeva ◽  
Vladimir Baltachev ◽  
Yekaterina Troynikova ◽  
Lilia Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Content Design

The theory that nominative processes extended through centuries to systematic formations of special terminological meanings of professional Old and Middle English marine terminological vocabulary had already been explained in different ways based on an evidential linguistic material. There is no doubt of the historical and philosophical approaches employed to describe the ancient language representation of the native speakers’ world, as well as of the role and degree of their participation in the formation of nominations inclusive of those of ancient seafaring vehicles. Having been referenced repeatedly, both conceptually and through documents, they had confirmed their right to exist.  In several topical articles, terminological units have already been represented by a synonymous series of proper nominations for the seafaring vessels (boats/ships) of various types by respective lexically-organized terms according to their word-formation, structural and content design in the Old and the Middle English. Despite the apparent decline of interest towards the subject of historical nominations in general, and the history of the English Marine language in particular,thereare unsettled challenges in the field. Specifically, more clarity is required regarding the incentives, degree of participation and the role of extralinguistic (human) factor in the history of a vessel-name formation, as well as in the mode of operation of the nominative apparatus for the above marine terms with respect to the of intralinguistic (language) factors involved.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATIVE WAY WORD-BUILDING OF THE INFORMAL NAMES

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
N. M. Khrustyk
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Semantic Associations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article is devoted of the question of studying the derivation of informal names (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The author proves of this problem being adequate, actual and perspective. The associativity as a means of wordformation in onomastics of different years outlined and defineed in works by O. Verbovetska, N. Brener, Y. Karaulov, M. Khudash, O. Nakhimova, N. Fedotova and other. N. Khrustyk studied the associativity as the associative way word-building in derivatology. The purpose of our research is to study the derivation of nicknames and call signs by associativity as a means of word-formation. The object of the research is the ways wordbuilding. The subject of our research is the associativity as a means for the formation of the nicknames and call signs of the Ukrainian language. To teach the aim we should solve such problems: to study a mechanism for the production of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity; to define way of word-building of this derivatives. Metodology. The empirical method, the observation of language material, the descriptive method, the method of derivational analysis are used. Findling. The research results show, that the associative way word-building is the method for the formation onyms (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The article specifies the specifics of the mechanism for the derivation of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity. Practical value. The metodology, derivational analysis, elaborated classifications of the ways word-building of informal names (nicknames, call signs) in this article can be used in the process of writting textbooks in word-formation of the Ukrainian language at a high school. Results. The associative way word-building is proved an existence in derivatology.

scholarly journals THE LEXIS OF BUSINESS CHINESE LANGUAGE: SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
K. A. Ulyanova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Frame System ◽  
The Subject

Business Chinese is a tool for trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China. During such interaction the lexical choice problem depending on the circumstances of a specific communication situation comes to the fore. This article deals with the business Chinese special words as a part of the lexical system of business Chinese. The author attempts to integrate Russian and Chinese researchers’ approaches to the classification of business vocabulary. The main kinds of word formation are described for words from the second part of the “List of the common business Chinese words”. 1422 words from the second part of the “List” became the subject of content analysis in order to determine the frequency of usage and relative frequency for word-formation elements. The author provides some ways of synonymic and antonymic rows formation, illustrates the specificity of polysemy and homonymy in business Chinese. The stylistic features of such special words as terms, neologisms, loan words, clichés, elements of Classical Chinese (wenyan), formulas of politeness, euphemisms are analyzed. This paper reflects the main trends in the development of business Chinese lexical system: the evolution of the words’ content plane in terms of words transition from the sphere of business communication to the wide usage and vice versa. The subject field of “entrepreneurial activity” is presented in the form of a frame system that makes it possible to model the sequence of word usage in business communication. The lexical choice in business Chinese is made by native speakers considering stylistic differentiation of words according to the status of the addresser and the addressee.

scholarly journals معايير تقييم معلمي اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها

Al-Ma rifah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
عارف بن شجعان العصيمي
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Standards Of Learning ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is to understand and establish criteria for evaluating the performance of the Arabic teacher for non-native speakers. The standards of learning foreign languages ​​and integrating them into the curriculum and its applications in the field of language education. The researcher also pointed to the most important standards in the field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. In order to achieve the objectives set for this study, the researcher followed the descriptive method based on the development of the data required to answer the questions of the study describing the phenomenon under study and derived and analyzed to reach tangible results. The researcher chose this approach because it is comprehensive and provides the researcher with a lot of information about the phenomenon and its relevance to the subject studying. The researcher concluded from this study the results of the most important of which is to prove the role of the educational assessment of the teacher of the Arabic language for non-native speakers and how to achieve the goals of education effectively and strive to provide him with what helps to reflect his ideas abstraction and transfer it to knowledge and planning and application in the best ways to modify the environment of education and the need for educational renewal The need to evaluate the teacher according to basic and functional standards in the educational process such as ACTFI standards, CEFR standards, TESOL standards, Stralah AFMLTA. The need for teaching Arabic language curricula for non-native speakers to the development and activation.

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