scholarly journals PRODUKSI METABOLIT SEKUNDER STEVIOSIDA PADA KULTUR KALUS STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bert. M.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ZPT 2,4-D DAN PEG (Polyethylene Glykol) 6000 PADA MEDIA MS (Murashige & Skoog)

el–Hayah ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fittriya Nur Laila
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="Default"><em>Stevia</em><em> rebaudiana is a member of the Asteraceae family, produce steviol glycosides (steviosida, rebaudiosida A, B, C, D, E and dulcosida A) which can be used as food additives such as food flavoring or sweetener in nutritional supplements. This study aims to determine the concentration of 2,4-D combination and PEG 6000 were effective in increasing the production of secondary metabolites in callus of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert. M) in vitro. PEG 6000 is a way to manipulate media in vitro to increase secondary metabolite. </em></p> <p class="Default"><em>This research used</em><em> Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 factorial combination with three replications. The first factor is the provision of plant growth regulator 2,4-D (1 mg / L, 2 mg / L, and 3 mg / L) and the second factor is the provision of PEG 6000 (0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L). The emerging callus (day), percentage (%) of explants callus (g), weight of callus, callus morphology (texture and color of the callus), and secondary metabolites steviosida were measured. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way and to find a significant difference test Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. Steviosida secondary metabolites were measured using High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC).</em></p> <em>The results showed that the combination treatment of 1 mg / L 2,4-D and 25 mg / L PEG 6000 is a combination of the most efficient way to get the amount of secondary metabolites steviosida 4.792 mg / g. Observations callus morphology (texture and color of the callus) showed that the compact callus textured and colored brown due to osmotic stress of PEG 6000 has a high content of secondary metabolites steviosida</em>

scholarly journals Directional bioconversion and optimization of stevioside into rubusoside by Lelliottia sp. LST-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Huang ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Jiaqi Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Biological Transformation

Steviol glycosides, mostly extracted from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are non-caloric, safe natural sweeteners. Steviosides make up more than 50% of total steviol glycosides but possess a bitter aftertaste, which limits their application as food additives. Trace amounts of rubusosides are acceptable sweeteners, but their supply is limited. In this study, we screened an endophytic bacteria (Lelliottia LST-1) that can specifically convert stevioside into rubusoside and reach a conversion rate of 75.4% after response surface optimization. Potential β-glucosidases GH3-1, GH3-2, GH3-3, and GH3-4 based on whole genome sequencing were expressed and interacted with steviol glycosides to explore principle and process of biological transformation. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that all enzymes hydrolyzed stevioside and generated rubusoside, but substrate specificity analysis indicated that GH3-2 is the most suitable choice for the durative, steady, and high-efficiency production of rubusoside

scholarly journals Continuation of Reversed-Phase HPLC Analysis Studies of Steviol Glycosides Isolated From Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasarao Meneni ◽  
Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedula
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Different Temperatures

<p>Additional High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) studies were performed on the nine sweet steviol glycosides reported in Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) namely rebaudioside A, steviolbioside, stevioside, rubusoside, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside F, and dulcoside A isolated from the leaves of <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>. Using Reversed-Phase (RP) HPLC method, individual retention times and area for nine naturally occurring <em>ent</em>-kaurane diterpene glycosides of <em>S. rebaudiana</em> have been determined at five different temperatures: 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 ºC at three different pH 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8. HPLC results suggested that temperatures 50 and 55 ºC at pH 2.4 would be ideal condition for better separation of steviol glycosides.</p>

scholarly journals Enhanced in vitro Shoot Regeneration and Biochemical Properties of Stevia rebaudiana using Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-676
Author(s):  
CHU-NIE TANG ◽  
DHILIA UDIE LAMASUDIN ◽  
WAN MUHAMAD ASRUL NIZAM WAN ABDULLAH ◽  
CHEW-LI MOO ◽  
MIAO-SI CHIEW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

Stevia rebaudiana is a herbaceous perennial plant with great global demand due to its beneficial steviol glycosides(SGs) content. Current conventional breeding technique is unable to cater the need for more S. rebaudiana planting materials. Therefore, an improved in vitro shoot regeneration protocol was developed for S. rebaudiana by using chitosan. The highest fresh weight of plant (0.586 ± 0.176 g/explant), dry weight of plant (0.056 ± 0.02 g/explant) and plant height (4.94 ± 1.17 cm/explant) with maximum number of leaves (25.33 ± 6.95 /explant) were observed on explants grown in optimun treatment of MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 6-benzyaminopurine (BAP) and 60 mg/L of low molecular weight (MW) chitosan after 4 weeks of culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that new shoot primordia and shoot bud formation can be seen as early as day 3 and 5 of cultures on optimun treatment. Further biochemical assays showed that total phenolic acid content, total protein content and total hydrolyzed sugar content were recorded higher in explants cultured in optimun treatment as compared to control media. In contrast, total chlorophyll content and total flavonoids content were reduced in optimum treatment. Meanwhile, no significant difference in antioxidant activity was observed. All cultures from the optimal treatment were successfully regenerated, acclimatized and grew well with 100% survival rate. Taken together, an enhanced and efficient shoot regeneration protocol of S. rebaudiana was successfully developed which will be useful for rapid and large-scale micropropagation in future.

scholarly journals A Review on Chemical Composition, Biosynthesis of Steviol Glycosides, Application, Cultivation, and Phytochemical Screening of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Mylange Dona Kasundi Mekhala Gunasena ◽  
Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Uththara Sachinthanie Senarath ◽  
Wathuge Thamara Priyanthi Sandun Kumari Senarath
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
The Web

Aims: Stevia rebaudiana which is commonly known as sweet leaf herb is used to extract non caloric sweet steviol glycosides. Thus based on available reports about its chemical composition, biosynthesis of steviol glycosides, application, cultivation, and phytochemical screening an attempt has been made to review to Stevia rebaudiana in context of its medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. Methodology: Literature search have been done in the web using google scholar, PubMed as search platform. More than two-thirds of the references are within 15 years. Results: According to the literature search S. rebaudiana leaves contain non caloric steviol glycosides and pharmaceutically important other phytochemicals. Miccropropagation is the best propagation method to overcome difficulties in conventional propagation methods. Conclusion: It is concluded that in vitro cultures has potential to extract important phytochemicals used in various pharmaceutical, food (flavoring agents, food additives) and perfume industries.

scholarly journals Feed Evaluation Based on in Vitro Gas Production of Tropical Forages with Addition of Different Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Widya Kenshiana Putri ◽  
Cuk Tri Noviandi ◽  
Kustantinah Adiwimarta
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and gas production based on fermentation in the rumen of nine types of forage tropical feed commonly used in Indonesia. The forages used in this study were: mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.), tayuman leaves (Bauhinia purpurea), bamboo leaves (Bambusa arundinaceae), canary leaves (Canarium indicum L.), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catapa L.), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala), tehtehan leaves (Duranta repens), and turi leaves (Sesbania grandiflora). Measurements of in vitro gas production were carried out at 10 observation points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 hour). Tannin activity was measured for each sample at observation points using measurements of gas production divided into three groups with modified levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG), ie samples without PEG (P1); sample + PEG in the amount of 200 mgDM (P2); and PEG + samples of tannins contained in each forage based on literature studies (P3). Data were analyzed for a variance by following the factorial completely randomized design (CRD) pattern. Statistical analyzes were performed on all data by following the general linear procedure in PROC GLM from SAS. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results of gas production calculations showed that crude protein (CP) from each forage ranges from 5.75 - 22.37% where the highest CP was owned by turi leaves (S. grandiflora). The content of crude fiber (CF) ranged from 5.30 - 20.93%. The most optimal measurement of gas production was in the sample given PEG in the amount of 200mg/kg with a significant difference (P<0.05). The higher of the tannin content contained in the forage, the lower of gas produced. Measurement of tannin content showed that condensed tannin content varied from turi leaves by 0.20% to the highest in mahogany leaves by 8.60%. The addition of 200 mg/100mgDM of PEG optimizes the rate of forage gas production, especially for grass plants (gramineae).

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analysis reveals the interaction of primary and secondary metabolism in white, pale green, and green pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Seung-A Baek ◽  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
Jae Kwang Kim ◽  
Sang Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pale Green

AbstractThis study aimed to comprehensively analyze primary and secondary metabolites of three different-colored (white, pale green, and green) pak choi cultivars (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) using gas chromatography attached with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In total, 53 primary metabolites were identified and subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analysis. The result revealed a significant difference in the primary and secondary metabolites between the three pak choi cultivars. In addition, 49 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in different cultivars. Total phenolic and glucosinolate contents were highest in the pale green and green cultivars, respectively, whereas total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were highest in the white cultivar. Superoxide dismutase activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraz scavenging, and reducing power were slightly increased in the white, pale green, and green cultivars, respectively. In addition, a negative correlation between pigments and phenylpropanoids was discovered by metabolite correlation analysis. This approach will provide useful information for the development of strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of phenolics, glucosinolates, carotenoids, and chlorophyll, and to improve antioxidant activity in pak choi cultivars. In addition, this study supports the use of HPLC and GC-TOFMS-based metabolite profiling to explore differences in pak choi cultivars.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

scholarly journals Release Kinetic Studies of Stevia rebaudiana Extract Capsules from Sodium Alginate and Inulin by Ionotropic Gelation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Quintal Martínez ◽  
Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz ◽  
Maira Rubí Segura Campos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Release Analysis

This study was oriented towards encapsulation of S. rebaudiana extract and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by the ionotropic gelation method using sodium alginate and inulin of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the capsules was performed by micrometric properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro extract release analysis, and biological activity of released extract. The in vitro release profiles from different capsules were applied on different kinetic models. The prepared capsules were found spherical in shape with diameters ranging from 2.07 to 2.63 mm, having the encapsulation efficiencies of 43.77% and 56.53% for phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides, respectively. The best-fit model with the highest correlation coefficient was observed in the Ritger–Peppas model, indicating diffusion controlled principle. The release exponent n value obtained from the Korsmeyer–Peppas model varied between 0.2273 and 1.1719, confirming that the mechanism of S. rebaudiana extract bioactive compounds release was diffusion controlled.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER BAKTERI Lactobacillus plantarum TERHADAP BEBERAPA KOMPONEN MUTU TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)

Pro Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Ade Irma Juliana ◽  
Moegiratul Amaro ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polynomial Orthogonal

ABSTRACT               This study aims to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial starter concentration on some quality of the porang flour. This study used experimental design one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of BAL concentration (KB) of Lactobacillus plantarum with 6 treatments which is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Each of treatment were repeated three times to obtain 18 unit samples. Data from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (Analysis of Variance) at 5% significance level using Co-stat software. If there are significant differences, a further Polynomial Orthogonal and Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test is performed at a level of 5%. The parameters observed included pH value, protein content, water content, yield, total lactic acid bacteria, organoleptic parameters of color and aroma (hedonic and scoring). The results showed that the concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial 20% was the best treatment in producing porang flour, pH value 5.72, protein content 6.49%, yield 9.33%, total lactic acid bacteria 6.66 log CFU / g and color rather brown and slightly acidic aroma and somewhat preferred by panelists. Keywords: Porang flour, starter concentration, Lactobacillus plantarum   ABSTRAK             Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi starter bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap beberapa komponen mutu tepung porang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yakni konsentrasi BAL (KB) jenis Lactobacillus plantarum dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf nyata 5% menggunakan software Co-stat. Apabila terdaapat beda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Polynomial Orthogonal dan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Adapun parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kadar protein, kadar air, rendemen, total bakteri asam laktat, parameter organoleptik warna dan aroma (hedonik dan scoring). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi strater bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan tepung porang nilai pH 5,72, kadar protein 6,49%, rendemen 9,33%, total bakteri asam laktat 6,66 log CFU/g serta warna agak coklat dan aroma agak asam serta agak disukai panelis.    Kata Kunci: Tepung porang, konsentrasi starter, Lactobacillus plantarum

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