scholarly journals Future role of agriculture in multifunctional development of rural areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Runowski ◽  
Wojciech Zietara
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

In the paper the changes in agriculture in terms of falling share of agriculture in gross domestic product and decrease in the share of persons employed in agriculture in total employment in Poland and selected countries are discussed.The main driver of these changes is a faster pace of development of non-agricultural activities and continually deteriorating relations between the costs of production factors and prices of agricultural products. The rate of growth in labor costs and prices of the means of production for agriculture is much faster than the rate of increase in prices of agricultural products.This causes the decline in profitability of agricultural production which increases the size of farms. The pace is dependent on the level of economic development of the country. The study also identified trends in the structure of farms, functions and systems of agriculture in the generational perspective. The polarization of the farms will deepen.A strong group of commodity farms and a group of so-called self – subsistence social farms will emerge. Agriculture in Poland will have a dual nature. In addition to the production function and social services agriculture will expand the scope of service functions for the environment and society.

scholarly journals Future role of agriculture in multifunctional development of rural areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Henryk Runowski ◽  
Wojciech Zietara
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

In the paper the changes in agriculture in terms of falling share of agriculture in gross domestic product and decrease in the share of persons employed in agriculture in total employment in Poland and selected countries are discussed.The main driver of these changes is a faster pace of development of non-agricultural activities and continually deteriorating relations between the costs of production factors and prices of agricultural products. The rate of growth in labor costs and prices of the means of production for agriculture is much faster than the rate of increase in prices of agricultural products. This causes the decline in profitability of agricultural production which in creases the size of farms. The pace is dependent on the level of economic development of the country. The study also identified trends in the structure of farms, functions and systems of agriculture in the generational perspective.The polarization of the farms will deepen.A strong group of commodity farms and a group of so-called self – subsistence social farms will emerge. Agriculture in Poland will have a dual nature. In addition to the production function and social services agriculture will expand the scope of service functions for the environment and society.

scholarly journals The Role of High School in Managing Conflicts that Generate Violence between Albanian Teenagers in Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Eljana Brahja
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of high school in managing conflicts between teenagers in the rural areas between Tirana and Elbasan. Conflicts among teenagers are always present. They can happen in families, at school, and in the community, but our focus will be the conflicts generated in school premises. It is concerning that teenagers are seeing school as a battlefield where they can fight away from their parents' eyes. The research will shed light on how the aid offered by the high school social services, impact teenagers’ conflict management. This study uses Psychoanalytic, Humanist and Behavioral Directions to explain the source of violent behavior among students in schools located in rural areas. The study is based on the Positive Paradigm. The research method used for collecting data is the quantitative one. The population of this study is the teenagers of high schools located in rural areas between Tirana and Elbasan. The sample of the study is the students of "Krrabë" and "Ibrahim Hasmema" high schools and the instrument used is the sociological questionnaire. Data analysis will show whether teenage conflicts exist and how schools located in rural area manage these conflict cases. The document argues that conflicts between teenagers are present at school premises and the latest rarely use the social services provided at their school. The teachers' staff should be trained on identifying young people who tend to conflict and to have violent behavior. Teachers should be also trained on the ways to treat those teenagers who are victims of violence.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PUNJAB RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME IN PROVIDING HEALTH FACILITIES TO RURAL WOMEN;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038
Author(s):  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Sher Muhammad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Aisha Siddique ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Ch
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Poor People

Despite the fact that women account for more than half of the total worldpopulation, they are still not considered equal to men. The health of rural women in Pakistanis very poor because of the lack of health services and competent health workers. Besidesgovernment health centres, hospitals and many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)are also working in the rural areas for providing social services to rural women. Punjab RuralSupport Programme is also working for socio-economic empowerment of rural women. PRSPbegan to provide health facilities to the poor people in villages through Basic Health Units(BHUs). Objectives: To analyze the role of PRSP in providing health facilities to women in ruralarea. Design: A multistage simple random sampling technique was used for the study. Setting:District Faisalabad. Material & Methods: The population for the study consisted of rural womenonly who were members of the Community Organizations (COs) of PRSP. Out of the eight townsof district Faisalabad, four towns which cover rural areas (Samundri, Iqbal town, Jaranwala,and Chak Jhumra) were selected. Four field units of PRSP are working in these four towns i.e.Salarwala in Chak Jhumra, Satiana in Jaranwala, Khidarwala in Samundri, and Dijkot in IqbalTown. These field units had 214, 203, 170 and 238 female COs, respectively. A sample of 10%COs was selected from each field unit randomly. Thus the total selected COs were 82. Fivemembers from each CO were selected at random. In this way the total sample size for the studywas 410 respondents. A reliable and validated data collection instrument consisting of openand close ended questions was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS. It was concludedthat respondents were satisfied with certain facilities like availability of female doctors in BHUs,availability of medicines and availability of competent and qualified paramedics. Provision ofbasic tests (blood, sugar, pregnancy and haemoglobin etc.) was very weak area which neededmuch improvement. Conclusions: It was also concluded that respondents were satisfied withthe behaviour of staff at BHUs. However, provision of basic medical equipment needed attentionfrom the authorities.

scholarly journals Children Left Behind in China: The Role of School Fees

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Anh H. Dang ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Harris Selod
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Children Left Behind ◽  
Public Education Spending

AbstractThe barriers faced by Chinese rural–urban migrants to access social services, particularly education, in host cities could help explain why the majority of them choose to leave their children behind. We identified the causal impacts of school fees by instrumenting for it with unexpected shocks to the city’s public education spending. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children with them, especially their daughters, reduce the number of children they bring, and increase educational remittances to rural areas for the children left behind. Increases in school fees mostly affect vulnerable migrant workers and could have stronger impacts during an economic crisis. These findings hold for different model specifications and robustness checks.

SOCIAL SERVICES AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE CONSERVATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL OF RURAL TERRITORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
E. S. OGORODNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

The relevance of the study is due to the existence of the problem of excluding a significant proportion of the working-age population from the labor process for reasons of disability, the presence of chronic diseases, alcohol and drug addiction, and care for disabled family members. Losses of human capital for this reason exceed the indicators of migration of the working-age population to cities. The purpose of the article is to obtain a holistic view of the role of social services in preserving the human capital of rural areas. The analysis showed that the Standards and procedures for the provision of medical care and social services do not take into account the specifics of rural areas.

The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1243-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Public Economy ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

In spite of the traditional legitimacy accorded the market mechanism of the private sector in advanced capitalist nations, governments in those nations have become more influential as providers of social services and income supplements, producers of goods, managers of the economy, and investors of capital. And in order to finance these various activities the revenues of public authorities have increased dramatically–to a point where they are now equivalent to one-third to one-half of a nation's economic product.This growth in governmental activity in advanced capitalist society is examined by considering the causes, and some of the consequences, of the expansion of the public economy–defined, following Schumpeter's discussion of the “tax state,” in terms of the extractive role of government. The primary concern of this article is to discover why some nations have experienced a far greater rate of increase in recent years and, as a result, have a much larger public economy than other nations. Five types of explanation are elaborated to account for the growth of the scope of governmental activity: (1) the level and rate of growth in the economic product; (2) the degree to which the fiscal structure of a nation relies on indirect, or “invisible,” taxes; (3) politics–in particular the partisan composition of government and the frequency of electoral competition; (4) the institutional structure of government; and (5) the degree of exposure of the economy to the international marketplace. The article evaluates the five explanations with data for 18 nations, and concludes by discussing some implications of the analysis.

scholarly journals The Role of the Family in Daily Care for the Elderly in Changing Rural Vietnam

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Dang Thanh Nhan
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

This paper use datasets on the elderly in four provinces, including 307 el derly in Ha Tinh, Quang Ngai in 2017, 407 elderly in Ninh Binh and Tien Giang in 2016 of the project “Strengthening Social Engagement in Elderly Care in Changing Economic and Family Structure in Asia: Policy and Practical Dialogues between Local Communities in Vietnam and Japan.” This paper aims to evaluate roles of family members, especially of women in caring for the elderly and to explore the difficulties posed for contemporary families in relation to the roles of the community and the state. In particular, the paper will identify the forces influencing the way that each family member provides care for their elderly in the social and culture context of Vietnam. Our findings showed that families play a very important role in elderly care and that women still play crucial roles in caring for the elderly regardless of circumstances. The family is the most important support for the elderly in Vietnam during illness (spouses and children). Family economic con dition, health status, illness, sex, age, and working status have significant impacts on the health of the elderly. It is noted that taking care of the material life for the elderly is one of the burdens that the family faces, which raised need for a more comprehensive system of social security and social services for the elderly especially in the rural areas in the context of increasing migration and recent changes in family structure and functions.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SMALL SCALE TOURISM BUSINESSES IN RURAL IMERETI (GEORGIA) IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10(38)) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Izolda Khasaia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Selection Of

Rural tourism is gradually becoming one of the most important instruments for economic development in Georgia. The rural parts of Georgia have a large amount of attractions suitable for tourism and a high percentage of the local population are trained craftsmen. The rural population also has a reputation for hospitality. More than 60% of Georgians live in rural areas and 58 % of total employment is found in these areas. Despite from this, calculations show that almost one million people in Georgia live in poverty. The purpose of this research is to look at the role of women entrepreneurs in small scale rural tourism in the region of Imereti. Research in this topic is relevant and necessary due to the problems of poverty, especially in rural parts Imereti. Taken into account the recent popularity of rural tourism globally, it is interesting to study the potential of tourism as an alternative for economic development in the Imereti region. The article especially concentrate on how rural tourism could be a potential field in which women can be more integrated economically, politically and socially.Based on interviews with a selection of women entrepreneurs the article discusses potential, possibilities and constraints of rural tourism in the Imereti region. Based on the findings, the article concludes with suggestions and further recommendations for the development of rural tourism in the Imereti region.

Risk and Protective Factors in the Life of Youth in Relation to Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Barnová ◽  
Viola Tamášová
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Health Service Providers

Abstract Introduction: A certain degree of stress is present in everyone’s life and young people are not an exception. Most of them show a certain degree of resilience and can cope with stressful situations without any difficulties, however there is a group of youth who live in toxic environments and need help. If there is a risk of failure due to the intensity of stressors; external formal and informal support have a great role to play as they have the potential to prevent negative developmental outcomes. Purpose: The authors’ intention was to make a review of available literature on the current issues of resilience research with a focus on the importance of protective factors in young people’s lives – especially when they are exposed to adversity. An emphasis is placed on the vital role of social support to individuals provided by schools as well as social services. Methods: In the presented literature review, multiple formal search methods including hand searching of key journals; electronic searching of journal databases and subject specific websites; reference scanning; and citation tracking were used. Conclusion: Individuals commonly demonstrate some level of resilience, yet most of them are able to deal with stressful situations without any harm. On the other hand, if the adversity is too high, the presence of social support provided by their social environment is important. In this context, good relationships in general and sufficient external protective factors provided by their social environment (schools, school psychologists, institutional social and health service providers) are important.

A Study Of Expansion Of The Fmcg Market Across Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Dr. Udayagiri Raghunath ◽  
Dr. V.Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Tv Media ◽  
Rural Clients ◽  
Tv Watching

The corporate companies dealing with FMCG products have started focusing on rural markets as the urban markets have become saturated and highly competitive. Capturing the rural markets brings forth a whole new set of challenges as it is laborious to break in. This market presents the companies with gamut challenges on a new dimension which demand entirely different strategies as compared to the ones used in urban areas. Studying the rural markets for rural markets has become crucial more than ever. It is an objective learning, psychiatry of dispersion, impact of the FMCG in rural areas. This research uses diverse utensils, procedure toward analyze composed records. Several of the features used in analyzing the data are the consumer characteristics like educational qualifications, professions they are in, and the income levels. The role of TV media advertising is also analyzed. Many deals and promotions advertised on TV are investigated. The scope of authority wield by publicity happening customer choice production has looked into. The different levels of media exposure and preferable TV watching times and their favorite programs considered while analyzing the data. The spending prototype of rural clients on FMCG is examined and further categorized based on their income levels, educational qualifications, and legal awareness of consumer act. All the analyzed data, results, and suggestions presented in the visual formats.

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